mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

fev-bench: A Realistic Benchmark for Time Series Forecasting

arXiv 2509.26468 ↗First posted 30 Sep 2025cs.LGcited by 64

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Abstract (arXiv)

Benchmark quality is critical for meaningful evaluation and sustained progress in time series forecasting, particularly with the rise of pretrained models. Existing benchmarks often have limited domain coverage or overlook real-world settings such as tasks with covariates. Their aggregation procedures frequently lack statistical rigor, making it unclear whether observed performance differences reflect true improvements or random variation. Many benchmarks lack consistent evaluation infrastructure or are too rigid for integration into existing pipelines. To address these gaps, we propose fev-bench, a benchmark of 100 forecasting tasks across seven domains, including 46 with covariates. Supporting the benchmark, we introduce fev, a lightweight Python library for forecasting evaluation emphasizing reproducibility and integration with existing workflows. Using fev, fev-bench employs principled aggregation with bootstrapped confidence intervals to report performance along two dimensions: win rates and skill scores. We report results on fev-bench for pretrained, statistical, and baseline models and identify promising future research directions.

Key facts. Cited by 64 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 33 of its 84 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Sep 2025.

Builds on

33 of 84 references.

References · 33

  1. 2022A Time Series is Worth 64 Words: Long-term Forecasting with Transformerscited by 2,039
  2. 2021Autoformer: Decomposition Transformers with Auto-Correlation for Long-Term Series Forecastingcited by 1,676
  3. 2022Are Transformers Effective for Time Series Forecasting?cited by 1,424
  4. 2024Chatbot Arena: An Open Platform for Evaluating LLMs by Human Preferencecited by 1,184
  5. 2017DeepAR: Probabilistic Forecasting with Autoregressive Recurrent Networkscited by 1,013
  6. 2017Modeling Long- and Short-Term Temporal Patterns with Deep Neural Networkscited by 879
  7. 2019Temporal Fusion Transformers for Interpretable Multi-horizon Time Series Forecastingcited by 761
  8. 2024Chronos: Learning the Language of Time Seriescited by 759
  9. 2023A decoder-only foundation model for time-series forecastingcited by 692
  10. 2024Unified Training of Universal Time Series Forecasting Transformerscited by 614
  11. 2021Datasets: A Community Library for Natural Language Processingcited by 530
  12. 2021Monash Time Series Forecasting Archivecited by 267
21 more
  1. 2024TFB: Towards Comprehensive and Fair Benchmarking of Time Series Forecasting Methodscited by 249
  2. 2024GIFT-Eval: A Benchmark For General Time Series Forecasting Model Evaluationcited by 212
  3. 2025Sundial: A Family of Highly Capable Time Series Foundation Modelscited by 180
  4. 2025TabArena: A Living Benchmark for Machine Learning on Tabular Datacited by 176
  5. 2025TiRex: Zero-Shot Forecasting Across Long and Short Horizons with Enhanced In-Context Learningcited by 120
  6. 2023Exploring Progress in Multivariate Time Series Forecasting: Comprehensive Benchmarking and Heterogeneity Analysiscited by 117
  7. 2020Forecasting day-ahead electricity prices: A review of state-of-the-art algorithms, best practices and an open-access benchmarkcited by 108
  8. 2019sktime: A Unified Interface for Machine Learning with Time Seriescited by 102
  9. 2021Darts: User-Friendly Modern Machine Learning for Time Seriescited by 91
  10. 2024TSFM-Bench: A Comprehensive and Unified Benchmark of Foundation Models for Time Series Forecastingcited by 58
  11. 2020Kaggle forecasting competitions: An overlooked learning opportunitycited by 56
  12. 2022Forecast Evaluation for Data Scientists: Common Pitfalls and Best Practicescited by 55
  13. 2023AutoGluon-TimeSeries: AutoML for Probabilistic Time Series Forecastingcited by 36
  14. 2023ProbTS: Benchmarking Point and Distributional Forecasting across Diverse Prediction Horizonscited by 36
  15. 2020A machine learning approach for forecasting hierarchical time seriescited by 29
  16. 2025ChronosX: Adapting Pretrained Time Series Models with Exogenous Variablescited by 23
  17. 2023LibCity: A Unified Library Towards Efficient and Comprehensive Urban Spatial-Temporal Predictioncited by 20
  18. 2023AutoMixer for Improved Multivariate Time-Series Forecasting on Business and IT Observability Datacited by 17
  19. 2024Cherry-Picking in Time Series Forecasting: How to Select Datasets to Make Your Model Shinecited by 10
  20. 2023Bridging AI and Energy Forecasting: An Autonomous Workflow with Customized Toolkitcited by 7
  21. 2022HERMES: Hybrid Error-corrector Model with inclusion of External Signals for nonstationary fashion time seriescited by 5

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 6; 2026: 58.

64 papers.

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  1. 2025Chronos-2: From Univariate to Universal Forecastingcited by 194
  2. 2025Moirai 2.0: When Less Is More for Time Series Forecastingcited by 69
  3. 2026It's TIME: Towards the Next Generation of Time Series Forecasting Benchmarkscited by 33
  4. 2026Beyond IID: How General Are Tabular Foundation Models, Really?cited by 20
  5. 2025TempoPFN: Synthetic Pre-training of Linear RNNs for Zero-shot Time Series Forecastingcited by 17
  6. 2026TabPFN-3: Technical Reportcited by 17
  7. 2025Rethinking Evaluation in the Era of Time Series Foundation Models: (Un)known Information Leakage Challengescited by 16
  8. 2026TiRex-2: Generalizing TiRex to Multivariate Data and Streamingcited by 13
  9. 2026Falcon-X: A Time Series Foundation Model for Heterogeneous Multivariate Modelingcited by 10
  10. 2026Learning the Context of Errors: Black-Box Online Adaptation of Time Series Foundation Modelscited by 9
  11. 2026Position: Universal Time Series Foundation Models Rest on a Category Errorcited by 4
  12. 2026Impermanent: A Live Benchmark for Temporal Generalization in Time Series Forecastingcited by 4
38 more
  1. 2026Baguan-TS: A Sequence-Native In-Context Learning Model for Time Series Forecasting with Covariatescited by 4
  2. 2026TS-ICL: A Flexible Time-Indexed Foundation Model for Time Series via In-Context Learningcited by 4
  3. 2026Post-Training in Time Series Foundation Models: A Unifying Frameworkcited by 3
  4. 2026Into the ORBIT for Time Series: Training Regimes for Foundation Modelscited by 3
  5. 2026Time-Aware Prior Fitted Networks for Zero-Shot Forecasting with Exogenous Variablescited by 2
  6. 2026A Foundation Model for Instruction-Conditioned In-Context Time Series Taskscited by 2
  7. 2026MulTaBench: Benchmarking Multimodal Tabular Learning with Text and Imagecited by 2
  8. 2026Investigating simple target-covariate relationships for Chronos-2 and TabPFN-TScited by 2
  9. 2026CITRAS-FM: Tiny Time Series Foundation Model for Covariate-Informed Zero-Shot Forecastingcited by 2
  10. 2026OpenMHC: Accelerating the Science of Wearable Foundation Modelscited by 2
  11. 2026WPBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Wind Power Forecastingcited by 2
  12. 2026t0: A Time-Series Foundation Model for Forecasting with Contextcited by 2
  13. 2025Time Series Foundation Models for Process Model Forecastingcited by 1
  14. 2026DiTS: Multimodal Diffusion Transformers Are Time Series Forecasterscited by 1
  15. 2026EIDOS: Latent-Space Predictive Learning for Time Series Foundation Modelscited by 1
  16. 2026Energy-Arena: A Dynamic Benchmark for Operational Energy Forecastingcited by 1
  17. 2026Heterogeneous Scientific Foundation Model Collaborationcited by 1
  18. 2026AME-TS: Anchored Mixture-of-Experts for Time Series Forecastingcited by 1
  19. 2026Model selection with proper scoring rules on data sets of time series: prefer the mean scaled scorecited by 1
  20. 2026Evaluating Time Series Foundation Models for Electricity Price Forecasting: Contamination Risk, Distributional Shifts, and Covariate Dependencecited by 1
  21. 2026RMISC: A Large-scale Real-world Multivariate Corpus for Time Series Foundation Modelscited by 1
  22. 2026TinyCast: Probabilistic Zero-Shot Forecasting with Computed Periodicitycited by 1
  23. 2026Tabby: An Open Pretraining Recipe for Time Series Foundation Modelscited by 1
  24. 2025Position: Current Benchmarking Hinders Real Progress in Deep Learning for Time Series Forecastingcited by 0
  25. 2026Signature-Kernel Based Evaluation Metrics for Robust Probabilistic and Tail-Event Forecastingcited by 0
  26. 2026Position: State-of-the-Art Claims Require State-of-the-Art Evidencecited by 0
  27. 2026Does Normalization Choice Matter for Causal Large Time-Series Models?cited by 0
  28. 2026TS-Fault: Benchmarking Time Series Forecasters Against Structural Faultscited by 0
  29. 2026From Forecasting Leaderboards to Deployment Decisions: A Fail-Closed Certification Protocolcited by 0
  30. 2026Unified Zero-Shot Time Series Forecasting: A Darts Foundationcited by 0
  31. 2026CLaST: Context-aware Contrastive VAE for Probabilistic Time Series Forecastingcited by 0
  32. 2026Assessing Covariate-Informed Grid Load Forecasting with a Time-Series Foundation Modelcited by 0
  33. 2026A Later Test Set Is Not a New Domain: Pretraining Familiarity Survives a Contamination-Free Hold-Outcited by 0
  34. 2026Beyond Average Error through Oracle-Informed Stress Tests for Time-Series Forecastingcited by 0
  35. 2026Interweaving Marginals into Multivariate Sample Paths: Training-Free Dependence Construction for Probabilistic Time Series Foundation Modelscited by 0
  36. 2026EXAONE Demand 1.0: A Time Series Foundation Model for Demand Forecastingcited by 0
  37. 2026Aurora-X: Built for Extreme Time Series Forecastingcited by 0
  38. 2026STRIDE: State-Transition Representation via Increment Dynamics and Evolutioncited by 0

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