Forecasting day-ahead electricity prices: A review of state-of-the-art algorithms, best practices and an open-access benchmark
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Abstract (arXiv)
While the field of electricity price forecasting has benefited from plenty of contributions in the last two decades, it arguably lacks a rigorous approach to evaluating new predictive algorithms. The latter are often compared using unique, not publicly available datasets and across too short and limited to one market test samples. The proposed new methods are rarely benchmarked against well established and well performing simpler models, the accuracy metrics are sometimes inadequate and testing the significance of differences in predictive performance is seldom conducted. Consequently, it is not clear which methods perform well nor what are the best practices when forecasting electricity prices. In this paper, we tackle these issues by performing a literature survey of state-of-the-art models, comparing state-of-the-art statistical and deep learning methods across multiple years and markets, and by putting forward a set of best practices. In addition, we make available the considered datasets, forecasts of the state-of-the-art models, and a specifically designed python toolbox, so that new algorithms can be rigorously evaluated in future studies.
Key facts. Cited by 105 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 18 Aug 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 10; 2023: 7; 2024: 20; 2025: 31; 2026: 33.
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- 2022Adaptive Conformal Predictions for Time Seriescited by 155
- 2024Timer-XL: Long-Context Transformers for Unified Time Series Forecastingcited by 83
- 2021Neural basis expansion analysis with exogenous variables: Forecasting electricity prices with NBEATSxcited by 63
- 2025fev-bench: A Realistic Benchmark for Time Series Forecastingcited by 52
- 2026It's TIME: Towards the Next Generation of Time Series Forecasting Benchmarkscited by 25
- 2022Distributional neural networks for electricity price forecastingcited by 24
- 2025CrossLinear: Plug-and-Play Cross-Correlation Embedding for Time Series Forecasting with Exogenous Variablescited by 21
- 2025Foundation Models for Time Series: A Surveycited by 19
- 2022Multivariate Probabilistic Forecasting of Intraday Electricity Prices using Normalizing Flowscited by 14
- 2025Breaking Silos: Adaptive Model Fusion Unlocks Better Time Series Forecastingcited by 12
- 2025Zero-Shot Time Series Forecasting with Covariates via In-Context Learningcited by 12
- 2021ES-dRNN: A Hybrid Exponential Smoothing and Dilated Recurrent Neural Network Model for Short-Term Load Forecastingcited by 11
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- 2026JudgeCast: Time Series Forecasting with Experience-Informed Covariate Judgements29 Sep 2026
- 2026XMatch: Enhancing Covariate-Aware Time Series Forecasting through Tree-Structured Exogenous Matching28 Sep 2026
- 2026Functional Architecture of European Electricity Trading Markets: Requirements for AI Supported Trading Systems under Regulatory Constraints24 Sep 2026
- 2026MUSE: Dependency-Aware Adaptation of a Frozen Vision Backbone for Multivariate Time Series Forecasting21 Sep 2026
- 2026Stealing profits: Spread-based temporal hierarchy forecasting for day-ahead electricity markets19 Sep 2026
- 2026Halo: Improving forecast accuracy through heteroscedastic estimation6 Sep 2026
- 2026Foundation models for electricity price forecasting and battery arbitrage: Can they replace market-specific forecasting models?31 Aug 2026
- 2026Deep Learning for Cross-Border Electricity Price Forecasting: A Comparative Study17 Aug 2026
- 2026Market-Information-Aware Gated-LoRA of Foundation Models for Transferable Day-Ahead Electricity Price Forecasting11 Aug 2026
- 2026Does Demand Response Increase Vulnerability to Cyber Attacks by Adversarial Data Modifications?7 Jul 2026
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- 2026Analysing drivers and interdependencies in European electricity markets using XAI17 Jun 2026
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