ZeroGUI: Automating Online GUI Learning at Zero Human Cost
On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → Embodied and 3D vision-language models
also in 1 more
Abstract (arXiv)
The rapid advancement of large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) has propelled the development of pure-vision-based GUI Agents, capable of perceiving and operating Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) to autonomously fulfill user instructions. However, existing approaches usually adopt an offline learning framework, which faces two core limitations: (1) heavy reliance on high-quality manual annotations for element grounding and action supervision, and (2) limited adaptability to dynamic and interactive environments. To address these limitations, we propose ZeroGUI, a scalable, online learning framework for automating GUI Agent training at Zero human cost. Specifically, ZeroGUI integrates (i) VLM-based automatic task generation to produce diverse training goals from the current environment state, (ii) VLM-based automatic reward estimation to assess task success without hand-crafted evaluation functions, and (iii) two-stage online reinforcement learning to continuously interact with and learn from GUI environments. Experiments on two advanced GUI Agents (UI-TARS and Aguvis) demonstrate that ZeroGUI significantly boosts performance across OSWorld and AndroidLab environments. The code is available at https://github.com/OpenGVLab/ZeroGUI.
Key facts. Cited by 44 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Embodied and 3D vision-language models, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 70 of its 81 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 May 2025.
Builds on
70 of 81 references.
Closest ancestors · 15
Same direction, newest first
- 2025InfiGUI-R1: Advancing Multimodal GUI Agents from Reactive Actors to Deliberative Reasoners19 Apr
- 2025GUI-R1 : A Generalist R1-Style Vision-Language Action Model For GUI Agents14 Apr
- 2025VLM-R1: A Stable and Generalizable R1-style Large Vision-Language Model10 Apr
- 2025LMM-R1: Empowering 3B LMMs with Strong Reasoning Abilities Through Two-Stage Rule-Based RL10 Mar
- 2025Boosting the Generalization and Reasoning of Vision Language Models with Curriculum Reinforcement Learning10 Mar
- 2025Vision-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in Multimodal Large Language Models9 Mar
- 2025AutoGUI: Scaling GUI Grounding with Automatic Functionality Annotations from LLMs4 Feb
- 2024OS-ATLAS: A Foundation Action Model for Generalist GUI Agents30 Oct
- 2024Navigating the Digital World as Humans Do: Universal Visual Grounding for GUI Agents7 Oct
- 2024VisualAgentBench: Towards Large Multimodal Models as Visual Foundation Agents12 Aug
- 2024CRAB: Cross-environment Agent Benchmark for Multimodal Language Model Agents1 Jul
- 2024GUICourse: From General Vision Language Models to Versatile GUI Agents17 Jun
3 more
Other references · 55
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
- 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,971
- 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 15,215
- 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 9,379
- 2019Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networkscited by 9,170
- 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,695
- 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,320
- 2023Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Modelcited by 8,065
- 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,330
- 2025Qwen2.5-VL Technical Reportcited by 5,587
- 2024GPT-4o System Cardcited by 4,588
- 2024Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolutioncited by 4,234
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- 2018UMAP: Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection for Dimension Reductioncited by 2,898
- 2025DAPO: An Open-Source LLM Reinforcement Learning System at Scalecited by 2,810
- 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agentscited by 2,006
- 2025Understanding R1-Zero-Like Training: A Critical Perspectivecited by 1,345
- 2022WebShop: Towards Scalable Real-World Web Interaction with Grounded Language Agentscited by 1,251
- 2023Mind2Web: Towards a Generalist Agent for the Webcited by 1,242
- 2025Kimi k1.5: Scaling Reinforcement Learning with LLMscited by 1,210
- 2024OSWorld: Benchmarking Multimodal Agents for Open-Ended Tasks in Real Computer Environmentscited by 1,195
- 2023CogVLM: Visual Expert for Pretrained Language Modelscited by 708
- 2025UI-TARS: Pioneering Automated GUI Interaction with Native Agentscited by 610
- 2024SeeClick: Harnessing GUI Grounding for Advanced Visual GUI Agentscited by 567
- 2024GPT-4V(ision) is a Generalist Web Agent, if Groundedcited by 563
- 2025Visual-RFT: Visual Reinforcement Fine-Tuningcited by 513
- 2024AndroidWorld: A Dynamic Benchmarking Environment for Autonomous Agentscited by 468
- 2025R1-Onevision: Advancing Generalized Multimodal Reasoning through Cross-Modal Formalizationcited by 370
- 2023Android in the Wild: A Large-Scale Dataset for Android Device Controlcited by 319
- 2024Mobile-Agent: Autonomous Multi-Modal Mobile Device Agent with Visual Perceptioncited by 293
- 2018Reinforcement Learning on Web Interfaces Using Workflow-Guided Explorationcited by 284
- 2024Aguvis: Unified Pure Vision Agents for Autonomous GUI Interactioncited by 278
- 2025TTRL: Test-Time Reinforcement Learningcited by 275
- 2024WebRL: Training LLM Web Agents via Self-Evolving Online Curriculum Reinforcement Learningcited by 256
- 2024ShowUI: One Vision-Language-Action Model for GUI Visual Agentcited by 232
- 2024Windows Agent Arena: Evaluating Multi-Modal OS Agents at Scalecited by 223
- 2024On the Effects of Data Scale on UI Control Agentscited by 194
- 2024GUIOdyssey: A Comprehensive Dataset for Cross-App GUI Navigation on Mobile Devicescited by 194
- 2023AutoDroid: LLM-powered Task Automation in Androidcited by 184
- 2020Mapping Natural Language Instructions to Mobile UI Action Sequencescited by 181
- 2024WebLINX: Real-World Website Navigation with Multi-Turn Dialoguecited by 180
- 2025R1-Zero's "Aha Moment" in Visual Reasoning on a 2B Non-SFT Modelcited by 165
- 2024OS-Genesis: Automating GUI Agent Trajectory Construction via Reverse Task Synthesiscited by 163
- 2024Android in the Zoo: Chain-of-Action-Thought for GUI Agentscited by 159
- 2024OmniACT: A Dataset and Benchmark for Enabling Multimodal Generalist Autonomous Agents for Desktop and Webcited by 157
- 2024Aria-UI: Visual Grounding for GUI Instructionscited by 140
- 2024WebCanvas: Benchmarking Web Agents in Online Environmentscited by 121
- 2024AMEX: Android Multi-annotation Expo Dataset for Mobile GUI Agentscited by 113
- 2024AndroidLab: Training and Systematic Benchmarking of Android Autonomous Agentscited by 107
- 2024VisualWebBench: How Far Have Multimodal LLMs Evolved in Web Page Understanding and Grounding?cited by 100
- 2024AutoGLM: Autonomous Foundation Agents for GUIscited by 100
50 most cited of 55 All 55 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 16; 2026: 28.
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- 2026Interactive Reward Agent: GUI Task Evaluation via Environment-State Verification28 Jul 2026
- 2026SeekJudge: A Practical Reward Framework for Reinforcement Learning in Computer-Use Agents25 Jul 2026
- 2026GUICrafter: Weakly-Supervised GUI Agent Leveraging Massive Unannotated Screenshots29 Jun 2026
- 2026MobileForge: Annotation-Free Adaptation for Mobile GUI Agents with Hierarchical Feedback-Guided Policy Optimization18 Jun 2026
- 2026Agentic Environment Engineering for Large Language Models: A Survey of Environment Modeling, Synthesis, Evaluation, and Application10 Jun 2026
- 2026AliyunConsoleAgent: Training Web Agents in Real-World Cloud Environments via Distillation and Reinforcement Learning8 Jun 2026
- 2026StainFlow: Entity-Stain Tracking and Evidence Linking for Process Rewards in GUI Agents5 Jun 2026
- 2026Recovering Policy-Induced Errors: Benchmarking and Trajectory Synthesis for Robust GUI Agents28 May 2026
- 2026Learn from Weaknesses: Automated Domain Specialization for Small Computer-Use Agents27 May 2026
- 2026CUA-Gym: Scaling Verifiable Training Environments and Tasks for Computer-Use Agents25 May 2026
12 newest of 29 All 29 (JSON)
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- 2025The Path of Self-Evolving Large Language Models: Achieving Data-Efficient Learning via Intrinsic Feedbackcited by 6
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- 2026Scaling Large Reasoning Models beyond Human Supervision: A Path toward Superintelligence31 Aug 2026
- 2026Task-Adaptive Rubrics for GUI Reward Modeling25 Aug 2026
- 2026Learning to Explore: Scaling Agentic Reasoning via Exploration-Aware Policy Optimization9 May 2026
- 2026A Survey of Reinforcement Learning for Large Language Models under Data Scarcity: Challenges and Solutions19 Apr 2026
- 2026A Survey of Agentic Reasoning for Large Language Models: Towards Recursively Self-Improving and Collective Agents18 Jan 2026
- 2025The Path of Self-Evolving Large Language Models: Achieving Data-Efficient Learning via Intrinsic Feedback3 Oct 2025
- 2025A Survey of Reinforcement Learning for Large Reasoning Models10 Sep 2025
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