mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

MedRAG: Enhancing Retrieval-augmented Generation with Knowledge Graph-Elicited Reasoning for Healthcare Copilot

arXiv 2502.04413 ↗First posted 6 Feb 2025cs.CL cs.AI cs.IRcited by 83

On the map: Retrieval-augmented generation → Medical and biomedical RAG

Abstract (arXiv)

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a well-suited technique for retrieving privacy-sensitive Electronic Health Records (EHR). It can serve as a key module of the healthcare copilot, helping reduce misdiagnosis for healthcare practitioners and patients. However, the diagnostic accuracy and specificity of existing heuristic-based RAG models used in the medical domain are inadequate, particularly for diseases with similar manifestations. This paper proposes MedRAG, a RAG model enhanced by knowledge graph (KG)-elicited reasoning for the medical domain that retrieves diagnosis and treatment recommendations based on manifestations. MedRAG systematically constructs a comprehensive four-tier hierarchical diagnostic KG encompassing critical diagnostic differences of various diseases. These differences are dynamically integrated with similar EHRs retrieved from an EHR database, and reasoned within a large language model. This process enables more accurate and specific decision support, while also proactively providing follow-up questions to enhance personalized medical decision-making. MedRAG is evaluated on both a public dataset DDXPlus and a private chronic pain diagnostic dataset (CPDD) collected from Tan Tock Seng Hospital, and its performance is compared against various existing RAG methods. Experimental results show that, leveraging the information integration and relational abilities of the KG, our MedRAG provides more specific diagnostic insights and outperforms state-of-the-art models in reducing misdiagnosis rates. Our code will be available at https://github.com/SNOWTEAM2023/MedRAG

Key facts. Cited by 83 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Medical and biomedical RAG, one of 15 directions in Retrieval-augmented generation. Builds on 38 of its 74 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Feb 2025.

Builds on

38 of 74 references.

Closest ancestors · 2

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024TC-RAG:Turing-Complete RAG's Case study on Medical LLM Systems17 Aug
  2. 2023HyKGE: A Hypothesis Knowledge Graph Enhanced Framework for Accurate and Reliable Medical LLMs Responses26 Dec

Other references · 36

  1. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,192
  2. 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,160
  3. 2019BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERTcited by 5,462
  4. 2020REALM: Retrieval-Augmented Language Model Pre-Trainingcited by 2,126
  5. 2023Self-RAG: Learning to Retrieve, Generate, and Critique through Self-Reflectioncited by 1,800
  6. 2024From Local to Global: A Graph RAG Approach to Query-Focused Summarizationcited by 1,411
  7. 2021Unsupervised Dense Information Retrieval with Contrastive Learningcited by 1,203
  8. 2022Interleaving Retrieval with Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Knowledge-Intensive Multi-Step Questionscited by 911
  9. 2019Generalization through Memorization: Nearest Neighbor Language Modelscited by 788
  10. 2023In-Context Retrieval-Augmented Language Modelscited by 694
  11. 2024RAPTOR: Recursive Abstractive Processing for Tree-Organized Retrievalcited by 519
  12. 2024A Survey on RAG Meeting LLMs: Towards Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Modelscited by 450
24 more
  1. 2023Making Retrieval-Augmented Language Models Robust to Irrelevant Contextcited by 364
  2. 2024Retrieval-Augmented Generation for AI-Generated Content: A Surveycited by 352
  3. 2023Reasoning on Graphs: Faithful and Interpretable Large Language Model Reasoningcited by 326
  4. 2023ChatDoctor: A Medical Chat Model Fine-Tuned on a Large Language Model Meta-AI (LLaMA) Using Medical Domain Knowledgecited by 324
  5. 2023MedAlpaca -- An Open-Source Collection of Medical Conversational AI Models and Training Datacited by 282
  6. 2024The Power of Noise: Redefining Retrieval for RAG Systemscited by 275
  7. 2020KG-BART: Knowledge Graph-Augmented BART for Generative Commonsense Reasoningcited by 106
  8. 2022DDXPlus: A New Dataset For Automatic Medical Diagnosiscited by 87
  9. 2021KG-FiD: Infusing Knowledge Graph in Fusion-in-Decoder for Open-Domain Question Answeringcited by 66
  10. 2023A Comprehensive Survey on Automatic Knowledge Graph Constructioncited by 63
  11. 2019Grounded Conversation Generation as Guided Traverses in Commonsense Knowledge Graphscited by 59
  12. 2023Knowledge Graph-Augmented Language Models for Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Generationcited by 54
  13. 2023LLM-based Medical Assistant Personalization with Short- and Long-Term Memory Coordinationcited by 46
  14. 2021UnitedQA: A Hybrid Approach for Open Domain Question Answeringcited by 42
  15. 2019DyKgChat: Benchmarking Dialogue Generation Grounding on Dynamic Knowledge Graphscited by 33
  16. 2024A Preliminary Study of o1 in Medicine: Are We Closer to an AI Doctor?cited by 33
  17. 2023Biomedical knowledge graph-optimized prompt generation for large language modelscited by 30
  18. 2024DrHouse: An LLM-empowered Diagnostic Reasoning System through Harnessing Outcomes from Sensor Data and Expert Knowledgecited by 24
  19. 2024Two-stage Generative Question Answering on Temporal Knowledge Graph Using Large Language Modelscited by 18
  20. 2024Healthcare Copilot: Eliciting the Power of General LLMs for Medical Consultationcited by 17
  21. 2023LLM-Mini-CEX: Automatic Evaluation of Large Language Model for Diagnostic Conversationcited by 14
  22. 2020Brain-inspired Search Engine Assistant based on Knowledge Graphcited by 13
  23. 2024Almanac Copilot: Towards Autonomous Electronic Health Record Navigationcited by 9
  24. 2024Bioinformatics and Biomedical Informatics with ChatGPT: Year One Reviewcited by 4

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 47; 2026: 36.

83 papers.

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  1. 2025Injecting Domain-Specific Knowledge into Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 47
  2. 2025When to use Graphs in RAG: A Comprehensive Analysis for Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 46
  3. 2025Large Language Models Meet Knowledge Graphs for Question Answering: Synthesis and Opportunitiescited by 30
  4. 2025Synergizing RAG and Reasoning: A Systematic Reviewcited by 27
  5. 2025MedResearcher-R1: Expert-Level Medical Deep Researcher via A Knowledge-Informed Trajectory Synthesis Frameworkcited by 22
  6. 2025CPA-RAG:Covert Poisoning Attacks on Retrieval-Augmented Generation in Large Language Modelscited by 17
  7. 2025Knowledge Graph-extended Retrieval Augmented Generation for Question Answeringcited by 14
  8. 2025Patho-AgenticRAG: Towards Multimodal Agentic Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Pathology VLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 13
  9. 2025Agentic Medical Knowledge Graphs Enhance Medical Question Answering: Bridging the Gap Between LLMs and Evolving Medical Knowledgecited by 12
  10. 2025MRMR: A Realistic and Expert-Level Multidisciplinary Benchmark for Reasoning-Intensive Multimodal Retrievalcited by 12
  11. 2026MedSynapse-V: Bridging Visual Perception and Clinical Intuition via Latent Memory Evolutioncited by 12
  12. 2025CMCTS: A Constrained Monte Carlo Tree Search Framework for Mathematical Reasoning in Large Language Modelcited by 9
38 more
  1. 2025Experience Retrieval-Augmentation with Electronic Health Records Enables Accurate Discharge QAcited by 9
  2. 2026LiveMedBench: A Contamination-Free Medical Benchmark for LLMs with Automated Rubric Evaluationcited by 9
  3. 2025EviNote-RAG: Enhancing RAG Models via Answer-Supportive Evidence Notescited by 8
  4. 2025Memory in Large Language Models: Mechanisms, Evaluation and Evolutioncited by 8
  5. 2025HierSearch: A Hierarchical Enterprise Deep Search Framework Integrating Local and Web Searchescited by 7
  6. 2026DEEPMED: Building a Medical DeepResearch Agent via Multi-hop Med-Search Data and Turn-Controlled Agentic Training & Inferencecited by 6
  7. 2025MedCoT-RAG: Causal Chain-of-Thought RAG for Medical Question Answeringcited by 5
  8. 2025Efficient and Transferable Agentic Knowledge Graph RAG via Reinforcement Learningcited by 5
  9. 2026Confundo: Learning to Generate Robust Poison for Practical RAG Systemscited by 5
  10. 2025DoctorRAG: Medical RAG Fusing Knowledge with Patient Analogy through Textual Gradientscited by 4
  11. 2025Dr.Copilot: A Multi-Agent Prompt Optimized Assistant for Improving Patient-Doctor Communication in Romaniancited by 4
  12. 2025BioMedSearch: A Multi-Source Biomedical Retrieval Framework Based on LLMscited by 4
  13. 2026TARSE: Test-Time Adaptation via Retrieval of Skills and Experience for Reasoning Agentscited by 4
  14. 2025A Smart Multimodal Healthcare Copilot with Powerful LLM Reasoningcited by 3
  15. 2025CliCARE: Grounding Large Language Models in Clinical Guidelines for Decision Support over Longitudinal Cancer Electronic Health Recordscited by 3
  16. 2026OralAgent: Integrating Reasoning, Tools, and Knowledge for Interactive Dental Image Analysiscited by 3
  17. 2025Ask2Loc: Learning to Locate Instructional Visual Answers by Asking Questionscited by 2
  18. 2025DFAMS: Dynamic-flow guided Federated Alignment based Multi-prototype Searchcited by 2
  19. 2025DentalBench: Benchmarking and Advancing LLMs Capability for Bilingual Dentistry Understandingcited by 2
  20. 2025Medusa: Cross-Modal Transferable Adversarial Attacks on Multimodal Medical Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 2
  21. 2026Clinical Knowledge Graph Construction and Evaluation with Multi-LLMs via Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 2
  22. 2026Scaling Medical Reasoning Verification via Tool-Integrated Reinforcement Learningcited by 2
  23. 2026FedMosaic: Federated Retrieval-Augmented Generation via Parametric Adapterscited by 2
  24. 2026Structure Guided Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Factual Queriescited by 2
  25. 2026ClinicBot: A Guideline-Grounded Clinical Chatbot with Prioritized Evidence RAG and Verifiable Citationscited by 2
  26. 2025EEG-MedRAG: Enhancing EEG-based Clinical Decision-Making via Hierarchical Hypergraph Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 1
  27. 2025CLARIFY: A Specialist-Generalist Framework for Accurate and Lightweight Dermatological Visual Question Answeringcited by 1
  28. 2025Graph-based LLM over Semi-Structured Population Data for Dynamic Policy Responsecited by 1
  29. 2025KEO: Knowledge Extraction on OMIn via Knowledge Graphs and RAG for Safety-Critical Aviation Maintenancecited by 1
  30. 2025MedCoAct: Confidence-Aware Multi-Agent Collaboration for Complete Clinical Decisioncited by 1
  31. 2025From Explainability to Action: A Generative Operational Framework for Integrating XAI in Clinical Mental Health Screeningcited by 1
  32. 2025Proactive Reasoning-with-Retrieval Framework for Medical Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 1
  33. 2025Contradictions in Context: Challenges for Retrieval-Augmented Generation in Healthcarecited by 1
  34. 2025Grounded by Experience: Generative Healthcare Prediction Augmented with Hierarchical Agentic Retrievalcited by 1
  35. 2025TagRAG: Tag-guided Hierarchical Knowledge Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 1
  36. 2026MedSpeak: A Knowledge Graph-Aided ASR Error Correction Framework for Spoken Medical QAcited by 1
  37. 2026Design Methodology and Performance Trade-offs Management for Distributed and Compound AI Systemscited by 1
  38. 2026Toward Trustworthy Large Language Model Agents in Healthcarecited by 1

50 most cited of 83 All 83 (JSON)

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  1. 2025The Multi-Round Diagnostic RAG Framework for Emulating Clinical Reasoning
  2. 2024Medical Graph RAG: Towards Safe Medical Large Language Model via Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation
  3. 2025Evaluating Retrieval-Augmented Generation vs. Long-Context Input for Clinical Reasoning over EHRs
  4. 2026EHR-RAG: Bridging Long-Horizon Structured Electronic Health Records and Large Language Models via Enhanced Retrieval-Augmented Generation
  5. 2025Automated Construction of Medical Indicator Knowledge Graphs Using Retrieval Augmented Large Language Models
  6. 2026CBR-to-SQL: Rethinking Retrieval-based Text-to-SQL using Case-based Reasoning in the Healthcare Domain
  7. 2025Tree-based RAG-Agent Recommendation System: A Case Study in Medical Test Data
  8. 2025ICA-RAG: Information Completeness Guided Adaptive Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Disease Diagnosis