mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Medical Graph RAG: Towards Safe Medical Large Language Model via Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation

arXiv 2408.04187 ↗First posted 8 Aug 2024cs.CVcited by 90

On the map: Retrieval-augmented generation → Medical and biomedical RAG

Abstract (arXiv)

We introduce a novel graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) framework specifically designed for the medical domain, called MedGraphRAG, aimed at enhancing Large Language Model (LLM) capabilities for generating evidence-based medical responses, thereby improving safety and reliability when handling private medical data. Graph-based RAG (GraphRAG) leverages LLMs to organize RAG data into graphs, showing strong potential for gaining holistic insights from long-form documents. However, its standard implementation is overly complex for general use and lacks the ability to generate evidence-based responses, limiting its effectiveness in the medical field. To extend the capabilities of GraphRAG to the medical domain, we propose unique Triple Graph Construction and U-Retrieval techniques over it. In our graph construction, we create a triple-linked structure that connects user documents to credible medical sources and controlled vocabularies. In the retrieval process, we propose U-Retrieval which combines Top-down Precise Retrieval with Bottom-up Response Refinement to balance global context awareness with precise indexing. These effort enable both source information retrieval and comprehensive response generation. Our approach is validated on 9 medical Q&A benchmarks, 2 health fact-checking benchmarks, and one collected dataset testing long-form generation. The results show that MedGraphRAG consistently outperforms state-of-the-art models across all benchmarks, while also ensuring that responses include credible source documentation and definitions. Our code is released at: https://github.com/MedicineToken/Medical-Graph-RAG.

Key facts. Cited by 90 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Medical and biomedical RAG, one of 15 directions in Retrieval-augmented generation. Builds on 26 of its 44 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Aug 2024.

Builds on

26 of 44 references.

Closest ancestors · 2

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024Bailicai: A Domain-Optimized Retrieval-Augmented Generation Framework for Medical Applications24 Jul
  2. 2024Benchmarking Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Medicine20 Feb

Other references · 24

  1. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 14,132
  2. 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,297
  3. 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,963
  4. 2023Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 2,212
  5. 2020REALM: Retrieval-Augmented Language Model Pre-Trainingcited by 2,141
  6. 2022Large Language Models Encode Clinical Knowledgecited by 1,830
  7. 2021WebGPT: Browser-assisted question-answering with human feedbackcited by 1,745
  8. 2024From Local to Global: A Graph RAG Approach to Query-Focused Summarizationcited by 1,453
  9. 2020What Disease does this Patient Have? A Large-scale Open Domain Question Answering Dataset from Medical Examscited by 1,356
  10. 2019PubMedQA: A Dataset for Biomedical Research Question Answeringcited by 1,288
  11. 2020Domain-Specific Language Model Pretraining for Biomedical Natural Language Processingcited by 1,009
  12. 2023Enabling Large Language Models to Generate Text with Citationscited by 595
12 more
  1. 2022MedMCQA : A Large-scale Multi-Subject Multi-Choice Dataset for Medical domain Question Answeringcited by 543
  2. 2022BioGPT: Generative Pre-trained Transformer for Biomedical Text Generation and Miningcited by 538
  3. 2023Towards Expert-Level Medical Question Answering with Large Language Modelscited by 384
  4. 2023Can Generalist Foundation Models Outcompete Special-Purpose Tuning? Case Study in Medicinecited by 329
  5. 2024Capabilities of Gemini Models in Medicinecited by 237
  6. 2020Explainable Automated Fact-Checking for Public Health Claimscited by 211
  7. 2022LinkBERT: Pretraining Language Models with Document Linkscited by 211
  8. 2022Deep Bidirectional Language-Knowledge Graph Pretrainingcited by 156
  9. 2023PMC-LLaMA: Towards Building Open-source Language Models for Medicinecited by 88
  10. 2023Dense X Retrieval: What Retrieval Granularity Should We Use?cited by 88
  11. 2023Diagnostic Reasoning Prompts Reveal the Potential for Large Language Model Interpretability in Medicinecited by 83
  12. 2020Ginger Cannot Cure Cancer: Battling Fake Health News with a Comprehensive Data Repositorycited by 25

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 8; 2025: 55; 2026: 27.

90 papers.

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  1. 2024Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Graphs (GraphRAG)cited by 172
  2. 2025Agentic Reasoning: A Streamlined Framework for Enhancing LLM Reasoning with Agentic Toolscited by 106
  3. 2025A Survey of Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Customized Large Language Modelscited by 88
  4. 2025Graph-R1: Towards Agentic GraphRAG Framework via End-to-end Reinforcement Learningcited by 52
  5. 2024Feedback-Guided Extraction of Knowledge Base from Retrieval-Augmented LLM Applicationscited by 37
  6. 2025NodeRAG: Structuring Graph-based RAG with Heterogeneous Nodescited by 26
  7. 2025GraphRAG under Firecited by 24
  8. 2025KBQA-o1: Agentic Knowledge Base Question Answering with Monte Carlo Tree Searchcited by 22
  9. 2024KGARevion: An AI Agent for Knowledge-Intensive Biomedical QAcited by 20
  10. 2025Graph RAG-Tool Fusioncited by 15
  11. 2025Patho-AgenticRAG: Towards Multimodal Agentic Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Pathology VLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 13
  12. 2024R2GenCSR: Mining Contextual and Residual Information for LLMs-based Radiology Report Generationcited by 12
38 more
  1. 2026MedSynapse-V: Bridging Visual Perception and Clinical Intuition via Latent Memory Evolutioncited by 12
  2. 2025Fleming-VL: Towards Universal Medical Visual Reasoning with Multimodal LLMscited by 11
  3. 2025OpenTCM: A GraphRAG-Empowered LLM-based System for Traditional Chinese Medicine Knowledge Retrieval and Diagnosiscited by 10
  4. 2025End-to-End Agentic RAG System Training for Traceable Diagnostic Reasoningcited by 10
  5. 2025MedLA: A Logic-Driven Multi-Agent Framework for Complex Medical Reasoning with Large Language Modelscited by 9
  6. 2025Generative AI in Transportation Planning: A Surveycited by 8
  7. 2025AutoGraph-R1: End-to-End Reinforcement Learning for Knowledge Graph Constructioncited by 7
  8. 2025Biomedical Knowledge Graph: A Survey of Domains, Tasks, and Real-World Applicationscited by 6
  9. 2025K-Paths: Reasoning over Graph Paths for Drug Repurposing and Drug Interaction Predictioncited by 6
  10. 2025Graph Counselor: Adaptive Graph Exploration via Multi-Agent Synergy to Enhance LLM Reasoningcited by 6
  11. 2025From Gaze to Insight: Bridging Human Visual Attention and Vision Language Model Explanation for Weakly-Supervised Medical Image Segmentationcited by 5
  12. 2025DoctorRAG: Medical RAG Fusing Knowledge with Patient Analogy through Textual Gradientscited by 5
  13. 2025MedCoT-RAG: Causal Chain-of-Thought RAG for Medical Question Answeringcited by 5
  14. 2025Exposing Privacy Risks in Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 5
  15. 2026MedOpenClaw and MedFlowBench: Auditing Medical Agents in Full-Study Workflowscited by 5
  16. 2025LLM-assisted Graph-RAG Information Extraction from IFC Datacited by 4
  17. 2025A Survey of LLM × DATAcited by 4
  18. 2026MedEinst: Benchmarking the Einstellung Effect in Medical LLMs through Counterfactual Differential Diagnosiscited by 4
  19. 2026TARSE: Test-Time Adaptation via Retrieval of Skills and Experience for Reasoning Agentscited by 4
  20. 2024Explaining in Diffusion: Explaining a Classifier Through Hierarchical Semantics with Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 3
  21. 2025Streamlining evidence based clinical recommendations with large language modelscited by 3
  22. 2025LLMs for Supply Chain Managementcited by 3
  23. 2025From Entity-Centric to Goal-Oriented Graphs: Enhancing LLM Knowledge Retrieval in Minecraftcited by 3
  24. 2025A Smart Multimodal Healthcare Copilot with Powerful LLM Reasoningcited by 3
  25. 2025Demo: Guide-RAG: Evidence-Driven Corpus Curation for Retrieval-Augmented Generation in Long COVIDcited by 3
  26. 2025Right Answer at the Right Time - Temporal Retrieval-Augmented Generation via Graph Summarizationcited by 3
  27. 2025CLIN-LLM: A Safety-Constrained Hybrid Framework for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Generationcited by 3
  28. 2025KnowCoder-A1: Incentivizing Agentic Reasoning Capability with Outcome Supervision for KBQAcited by 3
  29. 2026Agents-K1: Towards Agent-native Knowledge Orchestrationcited by 3
  30. 2024Inferring Scientific Cross-Document Coreference and Hierarchy with Definition-Augmented Relational Reasoningcited by 2
  31. 2025Divide by Question, Conquer by Agent: SPLIT-RAG with Question-Driven Graph Partitioningcited by 2
  32. 2025XGraphRAG: Interactive Visual Analysis for Graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 2
  33. 2025Automated Construction of Medical Indicator Knowledge Graphs Using Retrieval Augmented Large Language Modelscited by 2
  34. 2026Knowledge Is Not Static: Order-Aware Hypergraph RAG for Language Modelscited by 2
  35. 2026The Provenance Gap in Clinical AI: Evidence-Traceable Temporal Knowledge Graphs for Rare Disease Reasoningcited by 2
  36. 2026ClinicalBench: Stress-Testing Assertion-Aware Retrieval for Cross-Admission Clinical QA on MIMIC-IVcited by 2
  37. 2024QCG-Rerank: Chunks Graph Rerank with Query Expansion in Retrieval-Augmented LLMs for Tourism Domaincited by 1
  38. 2025Reviewing Clinical Knowledge in Medical Large Language Models: Training and Beyondcited by 1

50 most cited of 90 All 90 (JSON)

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  1. 2023Biomedical knowledge graph-optimized prompt generation for large language models
  2. 2025Agentic Medical Knowledge Graphs Enhance Medical Question Answering: Bridging the Gap Between LLMs and Evolving Medical Knowledge
  3. 2025Retrieval-Augmented Generation in Medicine: A Scoping Review of Technical Implementations, Clinical Applications, and Ethical Considerations
  4. 2025fastbmRAG: A Fast Graph-Based RAG Framework for Efficient Processing of Large-Scale Biomedical Literature
  5. 2024Development and Testing of Retrieval Augmented Generation in Large Language Models -- A Case Study Report
  6. 2026FAIR GraphRAG: A Retrieval-Augmented Generation Approach for Semantic Data Analysis
  7. 2025Rethinking Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Medicine: A Large-Scale, Systematic Expert Evaluation and Practical Insights
  8. 2024A MapReduce Approach to Effectively Utilize Long Context Information in Retrieval Augmented Language Models