Playable Game Generation
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Abstract (arXiv)
In recent years, Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC) has advanced from text-to-image generation to text-to-video and multimodal video synthesis. However, generating playable games presents significant challenges due to the stringent requirements for real-time interaction, high visual quality, and accurate simulation of game mechanics. Existing approaches often fall short, either lacking real-time capabilities or failing to accurately simulate interactive mechanics. To tackle the playability issue, we propose a novel method called PlayGen, which encompasses game data generation, an autoregressive DiT-based diffusion model, and a comprehensive playability-based evaluation framework. Validated on well-known 2D and 3D games, PlayGen achieves real-time interaction, ensures sufficient visual quality, and provides accurate interactive mechanics simulation. Notably, these results are sustained even after over 1000 frames of gameplay on an NVIDIA RTX 2060 GPU. Our code is publicly available: https://github.com/GreatX3/Playable-Game-Generation. Our playable demo generated by AI is: http://124.156.151.207.
Key facts. Cited by 26 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 25 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Dec 2024.
Builds on
25 of 34 references.
References · 25
- 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
- 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,177
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,781
- 2022Scalable Diffusion Models with Transformerscited by 6,054
- 2023Stable Video Diffusion: Scaling Latent Video Diffusion Models to Large Datasetscited by 2,581
- 2023A Survey of Large Language Modelscited by 2,576
- 2018Towards Accurate Generative Models of Video: A New Metric & Challengescited by 1,234
- 2015Prioritized Experience Replaycited by 1,099
- 2024Genie: Generative Interactive Environmentscited by 747
- 2023Animate Anyone: Consistent and Controllable Image-to-Video Synthesis for Character Animationcited by 688
- 2024Diffusion Forcing: Next-token Prediction Meets Full-Sequence Diffusioncited by 681
- 2021Deep Long-Tailed Learning: A Surveycited by 417
13 more
- 2021Learning Spatio-Temporal Transformer for Visual Trackingcited by 350
- 2022Video PreTraining (VPT): Learning to Act by Watching Unlabeled Online Videoscited by 345
- 2024Diffusion Models Are Real-Time Game Enginescited by 296
- 2024Champ: Controllable and Consistent Human Image Animation with 3D Parametric Guidancecited by 272
- 2024Hallo: Hierarchical Audio-Driven Visual Synthesis for Portrait Image Animationcited by 202
- 2024More Agents Is All You Needcited by 180
- 2016ViZDoom: A Doom-based AI Research Platform for Visual Reinforcement Learningcited by 179
- 2020Improving Image Captioning with Better Use of Captionscited by 84
- 2022NUWA-Infinity: Autoregressive over Autoregressive Generation for Infinite Visual Synthesiscited by 71
- 2021Playable Video Generationcited by 64
- 2022Playable Environments: Video Manipulation in Space and Timecited by 29
- 2023Promptable Game Models: Text-Guided Game Simulation via Masked Diffusion Modelscited by 22
- 2024Affordable Generative Agentscited by 9
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 20; 2026: 6.
26 papers.
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- 2025GameFactory: Creating New Games with Generative Interactive Videoscited by 130
- 2025AdaWorld: Learning Adaptable World Models with Latent Actionscited by 114
- 2025MotionStream: Real-Time Video Generation with Interactive Motion Controlscited by 76
- 2025Goku: Flow Based Video Generative Foundation Modelscited by 67
- 2025Pre-Trained Video Generative Models as World Simulatorscited by 44
- 2025Spatia: Video Generation with Updatable Spatial Memorycited by 40
- 2025A Survey of Interactive Generative Videocited by 23
- 2025WorldWeaver: Generating Long-Horizon Video Worlds via Rich Perceptioncited by 16
- 2025AccVideo: Accelerating Video Diffusion Model with Synthetic Datasetcited by 15
- 2025Yan: Foundational Interactive Video Generationcited by 15
- 2025Simulating the Visual World with Artificial Intelligence: A Roadmapcited by 15
- 2026Latent Particle World Models: Self-supervised Object-centric Stochastic Dynamics Modelingcited by 15
14 more
- 2025Position: Interactive Generative Video as Next-Generation Game Enginecited by 13
- 2025From Virtual Games to Real-World Playcited by 9
- 2025AnimeGamer: Infinite Anime Life Simulation with Next Game State Predictioncited by 7
- 2025SuperGen: An Efficient Ultra-high-resolution Video Generation System with Sketching and Tilingcited by 6
- 2026AlayaWorld: Long-Horizon and Playable Video World Generationcited by 6
- 2025Model as a Game: On Numerical and Spatial Consistency for Generative Gamescited by 5
- 2026Video Generation Models as World Models: Efficient Paradigms, Architectures and Algorithmscited by 5
- 2026AI for Games in the Foundation Model Eracited by 3
- 2025Video-Enhanced Offline Reinforcement Learning: A Model-Based Approachcited by 1
- 2025Multi-Agent Game Generation and Evaluation via Audio-Visual Recordingscited by 1
- 2025NeoWorld: Neural Simulation of Explorable Virtual Worlds via Progressive 3D Unfoldingcited by 1
- 2025CustomX: Unified Character, Action, and Scene Customization in Video World Modelscited by 1
- 2026Scalable Generative Game Engine: Breaking the Resolution Wall via Hardware-Algorithm Co-Designcited by 1
- 2026From Generation to Simulation: How Far Are World Models from Being True Simulators?cited by 0
- 2026AI for Games in the Foundation Model Era15 Sep 2026
- 2026From Generation to Simulation: How Far Are World Models from Being True Simulators?24 Aug 2026
- 2026AlayaWorld: Long-Horizon and Playable Video World Generation7 Jul 2026
- 2026Video Generation Models as World Models: Efficient Paradigms, Architectures and Algorithms30 Mar 2026
- 2026Latent Particle World Models: Self-supervised Object-centric Stochastic Dynamics Modeling4 Mar 2026
- 2026Scalable Generative Game Engine: Breaking the Resolution Wall via Hardware-Algorithm Co-Design31 Jan 2026
- 2025CustomX: Unified Character, Action, and Scene Customization in Video World Models18 Dec 2025
- 2025Spatia: Video Generation with Updatable Spatial Memory17 Dec 2025
- 2025Simulating the Visual World with Artificial Intelligence: A Roadmap11 Nov 2025
- 2025MotionStream: Real-Time Video Generation with Interactive Motion Controls3 Nov 2025
- 2025NeoWorld: Neural Simulation of Explorable Virtual Worlds via Progressive 3D Unfolding29 Sep 2025
- 2025SuperGen: An Efficient Ultra-high-resolution Video Generation System with Sketching and Tiling25 Aug 2025
14 more
- 2025WorldWeaver: Generating Long-Horizon Video Worlds via Rich Perception21 Aug 2025
- 2025Yan: Foundational Interactive Video Generation12 Aug 2025
- 2025Multi-Agent Game Generation and Evaluation via Audio-Visual Recordings1 Aug 2025
- 2025From Virtual Games to Real-World Play23 Jun 2025
- 2025Video-Enhanced Offline Reinforcement Learning: A Model-Based Approach10 May 2025
- 2025A Survey of Interactive Generative Video30 Apr 2025
- 2025AnimeGamer: Infinite Anime Life Simulation with Next Game State Prediction1 Apr 2025
- 2025Model as a Game: On Numerical and Spatial Consistency for Generative Games27 Mar 2025
- 2025AccVideo: Accelerating Video Diffusion Model with Synthetic Dataset25 Mar 2025
- 2025AdaWorld: Learning Adaptable World Models with Latent Actions24 Mar 2025
- 2025Position: Interactive Generative Video as Next-Generation Game Engine21 Mar 2025
- 2025Pre-Trained Video Generative Models as World Simulators10 Feb 2025
- 2025Goku: Flow Based Video Generative Foundation Models7 Feb 2025
- 2025GameFactory: Creating New Games with Generative Interactive Videos14 Jan 2025
- 2025GameFactory: Creating New Games with Generative Interactive Videoscited by 130
- 2025AdaWorld: Learning Adaptable World Models with Latent Actionscited by 114
- 2025Simulating the Visual World with Artificial Intelligence: A Roadmapcited by 15
- 2026Latent Particle World Models: Self-supervised Object-centric Stochastic Dynamics Modelingcited by 15
- 2026AlayaWorld: Long-Horizon and Playable Video World Generationcited by 6
- 2025Model as a Game: On Numerical and Spatial Consistency for Generative Gamescited by 5
- 2026Video Generation Models as World Models: Efficient Paradigms, Architectures and Algorithmscited by 5
- 2026AI for Games in the Foundation Model Eracited by 3
- 2025CustomX: Unified Character, Action, and Scene Customization in Video World Modelscited by 1
- 2026Scalable Generative Game Engine: Breaking the Resolution Wall via Hardware-Algorithm Co-Designcited by 1
- 2026From Generation to Simulation: How Far Are World Models from Being True Simulators?cited by 0
- 2026AI for Games in the Foundation Model Era15 Sep 2026
- 2026From Generation to Simulation: How Far Are World Models from Being True Simulators?24 Aug 2026
- 2026AlayaWorld: Long-Horizon and Playable Video World Generation7 Jul 2026
- 2026Video Generation Models as World Models: Efficient Paradigms, Architectures and Algorithms30 Mar 2026
- 2026Latent Particle World Models: Self-supervised Object-centric Stochastic Dynamics Modeling4 Mar 2026
- 2026Scalable Generative Game Engine: Breaking the Resolution Wall via Hardware-Algorithm Co-Design31 Jan 2026
- 2025CustomX: Unified Character, Action, and Scene Customization in Video World Models18 Dec 2025
- 2025Simulating the Visual World with Artificial Intelligence: A Roadmap11 Nov 2025
- 2025Model as a Game: On Numerical and Spatial Consistency for Generative Games27 Mar 2025
- 2025AdaWorld: Learning Adaptable World Models with Latent Actions24 Mar 2025
- 2025GameFactory: Creating New Games with Generative Interactive Videos14 Jan 2025
- 2025MotionStream: Real-Time Video Generation with Interactive Motion Controlscited by 76
- 2025Pre-Trained Video Generative Models as World Simulatorscited by 44
- 2025Spatia: Video Generation with Updatable Spatial Memorycited by 40
- 2025A Survey of Interactive Generative Videocited by 23
- 2025WorldWeaver: Generating Long-Horizon Video Worlds via Rich Perceptioncited by 16
- 2025Yan: Foundational Interactive Video Generationcited by 15
- 2025Position: Interactive Generative Video as Next-Generation Game Enginecited by 13
- 2025From Virtual Games to Real-World Playcited by 9
- 2025AnimeGamer: Infinite Anime Life Simulation with Next Game State Predictioncited by 7
- 2025NeoWorld: Neural Simulation of Explorable Virtual Worlds via Progressive 3D Unfoldingcited by 1
- 2025Spatia: Video Generation with Updatable Spatial Memory17 Dec 2025
- 2025MotionStream: Real-Time Video Generation with Interactive Motion Controls3 Nov 2025
- 2025NeoWorld: Neural Simulation of Explorable Virtual Worlds via Progressive 3D Unfolding29 Sep 2025
- 2025WorldWeaver: Generating Long-Horizon Video Worlds via Rich Perception21 Aug 2025
- 2025Yan: Foundational Interactive Video Generation12 Aug 2025
- 2025From Virtual Games to Real-World Play23 Jun 2025
- 2025A Survey of Interactive Generative Video30 Apr 2025
- 2025AnimeGamer: Infinite Anime Life Simulation with Next Game State Prediction1 Apr 2025
- 2025Position: Interactive Generative Video as Next-Generation Game Engine21 Mar 2025
- 2025Pre-Trained Video Generative Models as World Simulators10 Feb 2025
Similar, not cited
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- 2026From Pixels to States: Rethinking Interactive World Models as Game Engines
- 2026StatePlay: State-Aware Game World Models for Mechanics-Consistent Generation
- 2026GameCraft-Bench: Can Agents Build Playable Games End-to-End in a Real Game Engine?
- 2024Moonshine: Distilling Game Content Generators into Steerable Generative Models
- 2026WanToFight: Real-Time Generative Game Engine for Multi-Player Combat Interaction
- 2026Code2Games: Enabling Coding Agents for Gaming World Generation