mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Large Language Models Empowered Personalized Web Agents

arXiv 2410.17236 ↗First posted 22 Oct 2024cs.CL cs.AI cs.IRcited by 66

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Agent memory systems

Abstract (arXiv)

Web agents have emerged as a promising direction to automate Web task completion based on user instructions, significantly enhancing user experience. Recently, Web agents have evolved from traditional agents to Large Language Models (LLMs)-based Web agents. Despite their success, existing LLM-based Web agents overlook the importance of personalized data (e.g., user profiles and historical Web behaviors) in assisting the understanding of users' personalized instructions and executing customized actions. To overcome the limitation, we first formulate the task of LLM-empowered personalized Web agents, which integrate personalized data and user instructions to personalize instruction comprehension and action execution. To address the absence of a comprehensive evaluation benchmark, we construct a Personalized Web Agent Benchmark (PersonalWAB), featuring user instructions, personalized user data, Web functions, and two evaluation paradigms across three personalized Web tasks. Moreover, we propose a Personalized User Memory-enhanced Alignment (PUMA) framework to adapt LLMs to the personalized Web agent task. PUMA utilizes a memory bank with a task-specific retrieval strategy to filter relevant historical Web behaviors. Based on the behaviors, PUMA then aligns LLMs for personalized action execution through fine-tuning and direct preference optimization. Extensive experiments validate the superiority of PUMA over existing Web agents on PersonalWAB.

Key facts. Cited by 66 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Agent memory systems, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 36 of its 71 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Oct 2024.

Builds on

36 of 71 references.

References · 36

  1. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
  2. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,715
  3. 2023Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Modelscited by 13,028
  4. 2019Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networkscited by 9,170
  5. 2023Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Modelcited by 8,065
  6. 2016Membership Inference Attacks against Machine Learning Modelscited by 2,281
  7. 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agentscited by 2,006
  8. 2022WebShop: Towards Scalable Real-World Web Interaction with Grounded Language Agentscited by 1,251
  9. 2023Mind2Web: Towards a Generalist Agent for the Webcited by 1,242
  10. 2018Self-Attentive Sequential Recommendationcited by 1,184
  11. 2024GPT-4V(ision) is a Generalist Web Agent, if Groundedcited by 563
  12. 2024WebVoyager: Building an End-to-End Web Agent with Large Multimodal Modelscited by 438
24 more
  1. 2023LaMP: When Large Language Models Meet Personalizationcited by 437
  2. 2018Reinforcement Learning on Web Interfaces Using Workflow-Guided Explorationcited by 284
  3. 2024Bridging Language and Items for Retrieval and Recommendation: Benchmarking LLMs as Semantic Encoderscited by 224
  4. 2024Two Tales of Persona in LLMs: A Survey of Role-Playing and Personalizationcited by 208
  5. 2024Agent Q: Advanced Reasoning and Learning for Autonomous AI Agentscited by 208
  6. 2023Synapse: Trajectory-as-Exemplar Prompting with Memory for Computer Controlcited by 187
  7. 2024WebLINX: Real-World Website Navigation with Multi-Turn Dialoguecited by 180
  8. 2023Multimodal Web Navigation with Instruction-Finetuned Foundation Modelscited by 160
  9. 2023Recommender AI Agent: Integrating Large Language Models for Interactive Recommendationscited by 131
  10. 2023RecMind: Large Language Model Powered Agent For Recommendationcited by 129
  11. 2018Training Millions of Personalized Dialogue Agentscited by 126
  12. 2018Equity of Attention: Amortizing Individual Fairness in Rankingscited by 124
  13. 2023MemoChat: Tuning LLMs to Use Memos for Consistent Long-Range Open-Domain Conversationcited by 97
  14. 2023Conversational Health Agents: A Personalized LLM-Powered Agent Frameworkcited by 92
  15. 2022META-GUI: Towards Multi-modal Conversational Agents on Mobile GUIcited by 81
  16. 2019The Unfairness of Popularity Bias in Recommendationcited by 70
  17. 2023Prompted LLMs as Chatbot Modules for Long Open-domain Conversationcited by 61
  18. 2022Less is More: Learning to Refine Dialogue History for Personalized Dialogue Generationcited by 47
  19. 2021Grounding Open-Domain Instructions to Automate Web Support Taskscited by 43
  20. 2024On the Multi-turn Instruction Following for Conversational Web Agentscited by 43
  21. 2021UserIdentifier: Implicit User Representations for Simple and Effective Personalized Sentiment Analysiscited by 28
  22. 2024ChatShop: Interactive Information Seeking with Language Agentscited by 24
  23. 2024Tur[k]ingBench: A Challenge Benchmark for Web Agentscited by 18
  24. 2023Attribute-driven Disentangled Representation Learning for Multimodal Recommendationcited by 4

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 33; 2026: 31.

66 papers.

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  1. 2024Large Language Model-Brained GUI Agents: A Surveycited by 162
  2. 2025PersonaMem-v2: Towards Personalized Intelligence via Learning Implicit User Personas and Agentic Memorycited by 88
  3. 2025A Survey of WebAgents: Towards Next-Generation AI Agents for Web Automation with Large Foundation Modelscited by 87
  4. 2025A Survey of Personalized Large Language Models: Progress and Future Directionscited by 71
  5. 2025A Survey of LLM-based Deep Search Agents: Paradigm, Optimization, Evaluation, and Challengescited by 62
  6. 2024MC-LLaVA: Multi-Concept Personalized Vision-Language Modelcited by 54
  7. 2025DeepShop: A Benchmark for Deep Research Shopping Agentscited by 46
  8. 2025Measuring What Makes You Unique: Difference-Aware User Modeling for Enhancing LLM Personalizationcited by 45
  9. 2025OS Agents: A Survey on MLLM-based Agents for General Computing Devices Usecited by 35
  10. 2025Personalized Text Generation with Contrastive Activation Steeringcited by 34
  11. 2025A Survey of Personalization: From RAG to Agentcited by 27
  12. 2025Towards Agentic Recommender Systems in the Era of Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 26
38 more
  1. 2025Procedural Environment Generation for Tool-Use Agentscited by 24
  2. 2025Build the web for agents, not agents for the webcited by 18
  3. 2025Evaluating Personalized Tool-Augmented LLMs from the Perspectives of Personalization and Proactivitycited by 17
  4. 2025A Survey of Foundation Model-Powered Recommender Systems: From Feature-Based, Generative to Agentic Paradigmscited by 17
  5. 2026MemoryCD: Benchmarking Long-Context User Memory of LLM Agents for Lifelong Cross-Domain Personalizationcited by 17
  6. 2025From Code Foundation Models to Agents and Applications: A Comprehensive Survey and Practical Guide to Code Intelligencecited by 15
  7. 2025PersonaAgent: Bridging Memory and Action for Personalized LLM Agentscited by 14
  8. 2026Toward Personalized LLM-Powered Agents: Foundations, Evaluation, and Future Directionscited by 14
  9. 2025Fate: Fast Edge Inference of Mixture-of-Experts Models via Cross-Layer Gatecited by 13
  10. 2025Smoothing Grounding and Reasoning for MLLM-Powered GUI Agents with Query-Oriented Pivot Taskscited by 11
  11. 2026UI-Voyager: A Self-Evolving GUI Agent Learning via Failed Experiencecited by 11
  12. 2026Why Do LLM-based Web Agents Fail? A Hierarchical Planning Perspectivecited by 9
  13. 2025SteerX: Disentangled Steering for LLM Personalizationcited by 7
  14. 2026When Bots Take the Bait: Exposing and Mitigating the Emerging Social Engineering Attack in Web Automation Agentcited by 7
  15. 2026AgenticShop: Benchmarking Agentic Product Curation for Personalized Web Shoppingcited by 7
  16. 2026MyPCBench: A Benchmark for Personally Intelligent Computer-Use Agentscited by 7
  17. 2025Towards Personalized Conversational Sales Agents: Contextual User Profiling for Strategic Actioncited by 6
  18. 2025Multi-level Value Alignment in Agentic AI Systems: Survey and Perspectivescited by 5
  19. 2026Prototype-Aligned Federated Soft-Prompts for Continual Web Personalizationcited by 5
  20. 2026SimGym: Traffic-Grounded Browser Agents for Offline A/B Testing in E-Commercecited by 4
  21. 2026Meet Dynamic Individual Preferences: Resolving Conflicting Human Value with Paired Fine-Tuningcited by 4
  22. 2026Autonomous Information Seeking: A Roadmap for Agentic Recommender Systemscited by 4
  23. 2025PEToolLLM: Towards Personalized Tool Learning in Large Language Modelscited by 3
  24. 2025MAPS: Motivation-Aware Personalized Search via LLM-Driven Consultation Alignmentcited by 3
  25. 2025WebLists: Extracting Structured Information From Complex Interactive Websites Using Executable LLM Agentscited by 3
  26. 2025Interaction-Driven Browsing: A Human-in-the-Loop Conceptual Framework Informed by Human Web Browsing for Browser-Using Agentscited by 3
  27. 2026Know You Before You Speak: User-State Modeling for LLM Personalization in Multi-Turn Conversationcited by 3
  28. 2025Understanding User Experiences of Computer Use Agents: Design Space and Opportunities for Building Agent UX Prototypescited by 2
  29. 2025Fints: Efficient Inference-Time Personalization for LLMs with Fine-Grained Instance-Tailored Steeringcited by 2
  30. 2026PROPER Agents: Proactivity Driven Personalized Agents for Advancing Knowledge Gap Navigationcited by 2
  31. 2026MagicAgent: Towards Generalized Agent Planningcited by 2
  32. 2026HUSH-Bench: Measuring Memory-Use Boundaries for Sensitive History in Conversational Agentscited by 2
  33. 2026LUNAR: Benchmarking Personalized Large Language Models on UNiversal User BehAvioR Logscited by 2
  34. 2025Integrating Machine Learning into Belief-Desire-Intention Agents: Current Advances and Open Challengescited by 1
  35. 2025From Personalization to Prejudice: Bias and Discrimination in Memory-Enhanced AI Agents for Recruitmentcited by 1
  36. 2026Reconstructing Training Data from Adapter-based Federated Large Language Modelscited by 1
  37. 2026SensorPersona: An LLM-Empowered System for Continual Persona Extraction from Longitudinal Mobile Sensor Streamscited by 1
  38. 2026ComPASS: Towards Personalized Agentic Social Support via Tool-Augmented Companionshipcited by 1

50 most cited of 66 All 66 (JSON)

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  1. 2026PersonaTrail: Benchmarking Personalized Web Agents through Browsing Trails
  2. 2026Persona2Web: Benchmarking Personalized Web Agents for Contextual Reasoning with User History
  3. 2025Enabling Personalized Long-term Interactions in LLM-based Agents through Persistent Memory and User Profiles
  4. 2026APeB: Benchmarking Personalization Ability of Large Language Model Agents
  5. 2026From Profiling to Synthesis: Benchmarking Implicit Behavioral Alignment in Personalized LLM Agents
  6. 2024AgentOccam: A Simple Yet Strong Baseline for LLM-Based Web Agents
  7. 2026Improving LLM-based Autonomous Web Agents with Filtering
  8. 2024Large Language Models Can Self-Improve At Web Agent Tasks