mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Integrating Machine Learning into Belief-Desire-Intention Agents: Current Advances and Open Challenges

arXiv 2510.20641 ↗First posted 23 Oct 2025cs.AIcited by 1

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Thanks to the remarkable human-like capabilities of machine learning (ML) models in perceptual and cognitive tasks, frameworks integrating ML within rational agent architectures are gaining traction. Yet, the landscape remains fragmented and incoherent, often focusing on embedding ML into generic agent containers while overlooking the expressive power of rational architectures--such as Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) agents. This paper presents a fine-grained systematisation of existing approaches, using the BDI paradigm as a reference. Our analysis illustrates the fast-evolving literature on rational agents enhanced by ML, and identifies key research opportunities and open challenges for designing effective rational ML agents.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 90 of its 213 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 Oct 2025.

Builds on

90 of 213 references.

References · 90

  1. 2019PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Librarycited by 20,160
  2. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,302
  3. 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,355
  4. 2017Mask R-CNNcited by 7,259
  5. 2013Intriguing properties of neural networkscited by 5,114
  6. 2023Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learningcited by 4,064
  7. 2023Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behaviorcited by 3,500
  8. 2023Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language Modelscited by 3,155
  9. 2023A Survey on Large Language Model based Autonomous Agentscited by 2,203
  10. 2023Voyager: An Open-Ended Embodied Agent with Large Language Modelscited by 2,081
  11. 2023MetaGPT: Meta Programming for A Multi-Agent Collaborative Frameworkcited by 1,761
  12. 2023A Survey on Hallucination in Large Language Models: Principles, Taxonomy, Challenges, and Open Questionscited by 1,582
38 more
  1. 2023A Survey on Evaluation of Large Language Modelscited by 1,227
  2. 2023HuggingGPT: Solving AI Tasks with ChatGPT and its Friends in Hugging Facecited by 1,173
  3. 2021YOLOX: Exceeding YOLO Series in 2021cited by 1,064
  4. 2022Inner Monologue: Embodied Reasoning through Planning with Language Modelscited by 1,057
  5. 2022Language Models as Zero-Shot Planners: Extracting Actionable Knowledge for Embodied Agentscited by 1,029
  6. 2023ChatDev: Communicative Agents for Software Developmentcited by 893
  7. 2022CodeGen: An Open Large Language Model for Code with Multi-Turn Program Synthesiscited by 876
  8. 2023Reasoning with Language Model is Planning with World Modelcited by 846
  9. 2014Deep Neural Networks are Easily Fooled: High Confidence Predictions for Unrecognizable Imagescited by 774
  10. 2024Large Language Model based Multi-Agents: A Survey of Progress and Challengescited by 752
  11. 2021A Survey of Uncertainty in Deep Neural Networkscited by 675
  12. 2018Object Detection with Deep Learning: A Reviewcited by 524
  13. 2020Learning under Concept Drift: A Reviewcited by 470
  14. 2022LLM-Planner: Few-Shot Grounded Planning for Embodied Agents with Large Language Modelscited by 459
  15. 2024A Systematic Survey of Prompt Engineering in Large Language Models: Techniques and Applicationscited by 428
  16. 2024Understanding the planning of LLM agents: A surveycited by 414
  17. 2021A Survey of Transformerscited by 399
  18. 2020A Survey of Convolutional Neural Networks: Analysis, Applications, and Prospectscited by 396
  19. 2023A Comprehensive Survey on Pretrained Foundation Models: A History from BERT to ChatGPTcited by 364
  20. 2023Ghost in the Minecraft: Generally Capable Agents for Open-World Environments via Large Language Models with Text-based Knowledge and Memorycited by 288
  21. 2020Neurosymbolic AI: The 3rd Wavecited by 253
  22. 2022A Survey on Generative Diffusion Modelcited by 238
  23. 2023Building Cooperative Embodied Agents Modularly with Large Language Modelscited by 231
  24. 2023S3: Social-network Simulation System with Large Language Model-Empowered Agentscited by 228
  25. 2018Machine Theory of Mindcited by 222
  26. 2020Deep Learning-Based Human Pose Estimation: A Surveycited by 205
  27. 2018Online Learning: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 203
  28. 2025Survey on Evaluation of LLM-based Agentscited by 190
  29. 2023SwiftSage: A Generative Agent with Fast and Slow Thinking for Complex Interactive Taskscited by 166
  30. 2023SMART-LLM: Smart Multi-Agent Robot Task Planning using Large Language Modelscited by 151
  31. 2025Evaluation and Benchmarking of LLM Agents: A Surveycited by 145
  32. 2023User Behavior Simulation with Large Language Model based Agentscited by 136
  33. 2023Recommender AI Agent: Integrating Large Language Models for Interactive Recommendationscited by 130
  34. 2023RecMind: Large Language Model Powered Agent For Recommendationcited by 129
  35. 2023ChatEDA: A Large Language Model Powered Autonomous Agent for EDAcited by 118
  36. 2023Retroformer: Retrospective Large Language Agents with Policy Gradient Optimizationcited by 110
  37. 2022Causal Machine Learning: A Survey and Open Problemscited by 107
  38. 2021Jigsaw: Large Language Models meet Program Synthesiscited by 103

50 most cited of 90 All 90 (JSON)

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.

1 paper.

  1. 2026Towards an Intention Abstraction Layer for Autonomous Industrial Systemscited by 0