WebLists: Extracting Structured Information From Complex Interactive Websites Using Executable LLM Agents
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Web, search, and research agents
Abstract (arXiv)
Most recent web agent research has focused on navigation and transaction tasks, with little emphasis on extracting structured data at scale. We present WebLists, a benchmark of 200 data-extraction tasks across four common business and enterprise use-cases. Each task requires an agent to navigate to a webpage, configure it appropriately, and extract complete datasets with well-defined schemas. We show that both LLMs with search capabilities and SOTA web agents struggle with these tasks, with a recall of 3% and 31%, respectively, despite higher performance on question-answering tasks. To address this challenge, we propose BardeenAgent, a novel framework that enables web agents to convert their execution into repeatable programs, and replay them at scale across pages with similar structure. BardeenAgent is also the first LLM agent to take advantage of the regular structure of HTML. In particular BardeenAgent constructs a generalizable CSS selector to capture all relevant items on the page, then fits the operations to extract the data. On the WebLists benchmark, BardeenAgent achieves 66% recall overall, more than doubling the performance of SOTA web agents, and reducing cost per output row by 3x.
Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Web, search, and research agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 15 of its 35 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Apr 2025.
Builds on
15 of 35 references.
Closest ancestors · 9
Same direction, newest first
- 2025BEARCUBS: A benchmark for computer-using web agents10 Mar
- 2025WebGames: Challenging General-Purpose Web-Browsing AI Agents25 Feb
- 2024Is Your LLM Secretly a World Model of the Internet? Model-Based Planning for Web Agents10 Nov
- 2024OpenWebVoyager: Building Multimodal Web Agents via Iterative Real-World Exploration, Feedback and Optimization25 Oct
- 2024AgentOccam: A Simple Yet Strong Baseline for LLM-Based Web Agents17 Oct
- 2024Agent-E: From Autonomous Web Navigation to Foundational Design Principles in Agentic Systems17 Jul
- 2024WILBUR: Adaptive In-Context Learning for Robust and Accurate Web Agents8 Apr
- 2023Mind2Web: Towards a Generalist Agent for the Web9 Jun
- 2022WebShop: Towards Scalable Real-World Web Interaction with Grounded Language Agents4 Jul
Other references · 6
- 2023Language Models can Solve Computer Taskscited by 371
- 2024Agent S: An Open Agentic Framework that Uses Computers Like a Humancited by 182
- 2024Large Language Models Empowered Personalized Web Agentscited by 64
- 2018Web2Text: Deep Structured Boilerplate Removalcited by 10
- 2024Fundus: A Simple-to-Use News Scraper Optimized for High Quality Extractionscited by 7
- 2025Multilingual Attribute Extraction from News Web Pagescited by 1
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 3.
3 papers.
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025An Index-based Approach for Efficient and Effective Web Content Extraction
- 2025WALT: Web Agents that Learn Tools
- 2026Web2BigTable: A Bi-Level Multi-Agent LLM System for Internet-Scale Information Search and Extraction
- 2025MCP vs RAG vs NLWeb vs HTML: A Comparison of the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Different Agent Interfaces to the Web (Technical Report)
- 2025WebArxiv: A Reproducible Benchmark for Evaluating Multimodal Web Agents on arXiv Tasks
- 2023A Real-World WebAgent with Planning, Long Context Understanding, and Program Synthesis
- 2026WebChallenger: A Reliable and Efficient Generalist Web Agent
- 2026BrowserForge: Scaling Web Episode via Parallel Browser Sandboxes