When SAM2 Meets Video Camouflaged Object Segmentation: A Comprehensive Evaluation and Adaptation
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Abstract (arXiv)
This study investigates the application and performance of the Segment Anything Model 2 (SAM2) in the challenging task of video camouflaged object segmentation (VCOS). VCOS involves detecting objects that blend seamlessly in the surroundings for videos, due to similar colors and textures, poor light conditions, etc. Compared to the objects in normal scenes, camouflaged objects are much more difficult to detect. SAM2, a video foundation model, has shown potential in various tasks. But its effectiveness in dynamic camouflaged scenarios remains under-explored. This study presents a comprehensive study on SAM2's ability in VCOS. First, we assess SAM2's performance on camouflaged video datasets using different models and prompts (click, box, and mask). Second, we explore the integration of SAM2 with existing multimodal large language models (MLLMs) and VCOS methods. Third, we specifically adapt SAM2 by fine-tuning it on the video camouflaged dataset. Our comprehensive experiments demonstrate that SAM2 has excellent zero-shot ability of detecting camouflaged objects in videos. We also show that this ability could be further improved by specifically adjusting SAM2's parameters for VCOS. The code is available at https://github.com/zhoustan/SAM2-VCOS
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 47 of its 62 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Sep 2024.
Builds on
47 of 62 references.
References · 47
- 2023Segment Anythingcited by 8,158
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- 2017Mask R-CNNcited by 7,259
- 2014Fully Convolutional Networks for Semantic Segmentationcited by 4,845
- 2024SAM 2: Segment Anything in Images and Videoscited by 2,784
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- 2021Concealed Object Detectioncited by 212
35 more
- 2021Simultaneously Localize, Segment and Rank the Camouflaged Objectscited by 198
- 2021Self-supervised Video Object Segmentation by Motion Groupingcited by 147
- 2021Progressively Normalized Self-Attention Network for Video Polyp Segmentationcited by 75
- 2016It's Moving! A Probabilistic Model for Causal Motion Segmentation in Moving Camera Videoscited by 71
- 2024SAM2-UNet: Segment Anything 2 Makes Strong Encoder for Natural and Medical Image Segmentationcited by 63
- 2020Betrayed by Motion: Camouflaged Object Discovery via Motion Segmentationcited by 62
- 2022Implicit Motion Handling for Video Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 60
- 2023VSCode: General Visual Salient and Camouflaged Object Detection with 2D Prompt Learningcited by 58
- 2024SAM2-Adapter: Evaluating & Adapting Segment Anything 2 in Downstream Tasks: Camouflage, Shadow, Medical Image Segmentation, and Morecited by 58
- 2019Semi-Supervised Video Salient Object Detection Using Pseudo-Labelscited by 54
- 2023ZoomNeXt: A Unified Collaborative Pyramid Network for Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 48
- 2024Surgical SAM 2: Real-time Segment Anything in Surgical Video by Efficient Frame Pruningcited by 46
- 2024Segment Anything in Medical Images and Videos: Benchmark and Deploymentcited by 42
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- 2024Segment Any Meshcited by 37
- 2022OSFormer: One-Stage Camouflaged Instance Segmentation with Transformerscited by 30
- 2024Moving Object Segmentation: All You Need Is SAM (and Flow)cited by 30
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- 2023Chain of Visual Perception: Harnessing Multimodal Large Language Models for Zero-shot Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 22
- 2024SAM 2 in Robotic Surgery: An Empirical Evaluation for Robustness and Generalization in Surgical Video Segmentationcited by 21
- 2023Referring Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 19
- 2024Hierarchical Graph Interaction Transformer with Dynamic Token Clustering for Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 18
- 2023The Making and Breaking of Camouflagecited by 14
- 2024Performance and Non-adversarial Robustness of the Segment Anything Model 2 in Surgical Video Segmentationcited by 13
- 2024Learning Camouflaged Object Detection from Noisy Pseudo Labelcited by 12
- 2024Evaluating SAM2's Role in Camouflaged Object Detection: From SAM to SAM2cited by 12
- 2024CamoTeacher: Dual-Rotation Consistency Learning for Semi-Supervised Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 12
- 2024SAM-PM: Enhancing Video Camouflaged Object Detection using Spatio-Temporal Attentioncited by 11
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- 2024A Short Review and Evaluation of SAM2's Performance in 3D CT Image Segmentationcited by 5
- 2024Evaluation Study on SAM 2 for Class-agnostic Instance-level Segmentationcited by 5
- 2023Pre-train, Adapt and Detect: Multi-Task Adapter Tuning for Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 4
- 2024Adaptive Guidance Learning for Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 4
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 7; 2026: 2.
11 papers.
- 2024Efficient Track Anythingcited by 20
- 2025SAM2 for Image and Video Segmentation: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 13
- 2025CamSAM2: Segment Anything Accurately in Camouflaged Videoscited by 7
- 2025HiM2SAM: Enhancing SAM2 with Hierarchical Motion Estimation and Memory Optimization towards Long-term Trackingcited by 5
- 2026Bootstrapping Video Semantic Segmentation Model via Distillation-assisted Test-Time Adaptationcited by 3
- 2025ZS-VCOS: Zero-Shot Video Camouflaged Object Segmentation By Optical Flow and Open Vocabulary Object Detectioncited by 2
- 2025Segment Anything for Video: A Comprehensive Review of Video Object Segmentation and Tracking from Past to Futurecited by 2
- 2025The SAM2-to-SAM3 Gap in the Segment Anything Model Family: Why Prompt-Based Expertise Fails in Concept-Driven Image Segmentationcited by 2
- 2024When SAM2 Meets Video Shadow and Mirror Detectioncited by 1
- 2025CamoSAM2: SAM2-oriented Prompt Auto-Refinement for Video Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 1
- 2026When W4A4 Breaks Camouflaged Object Detection: Token-Group Dual-Constraint Activation Quantizationcited by 0
- 2026When W4A4 Breaks Camouflaged Object Detection: Token-Group Dual-Constraint Activation Quantization18 Apr 2026
- 2026Bootstrapping Video Semantic Segmentation Model via Distillation-assisted Test-Time Adaptation13 Apr 2026
- 2025The SAM2-to-SAM3 Gap in the Segment Anything Model Family: Why Prompt-Based Expertise Fails in Concept-Driven Image Segmentation4 Dec 2025
- 2025Segment Anything for Video: A Comprehensive Review of Video Object Segmentation and Tracking from Past to Future30 Jul 2025
- 2025HiM2SAM: Enhancing SAM2 with Hierarchical Motion Estimation and Memory Optimization towards Long-term Tracking10 Jul 2025
- 2025ZS-VCOS: Zero-Shot Video Camouflaged Object Segmentation By Optical Flow and Open Vocabulary Object Detection10 Apr 2025
- 2025CamoSAM2: SAM2-oriented Prompt Auto-Refinement for Video Camouflaged Object Detection1 Apr 2025
- 2025CamSAM2: Segment Anything Accurately in Camouflaged Videos25 Mar 2025
- 2025SAM2 for Image and Video Segmentation: A Comprehensive Survey17 Mar 2025
- 2024When SAM2 Meets Video Shadow and Mirror Detection26 Dec 2024
- 2024Efficient Track Anything28 Nov 2024
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025First RAG, Second SEG: A Training-Free Paradigm for Camouflaged Object Detection
- 2026Discover, Segment, and Select: A Progressive Mechanism for Zero-shot Camouflaged Object Segmentation
- 2025SAM2Auto: Auto Annotation Using FLASH
- 2025Phantom-Insight: Adaptive Multi-cue Fusion for Video Camouflaged Object Detection with Multimodal LLM
- 2025Correspondence as Video: Test-Time Adaption on SAM2 for Reference Segmentation in the Wild
- 2026M4-SAM: Multi-Modal Mixture-of-Experts with Memory-Augmented SAM for RGB-D Video Salient Object Detection
- 2025The 1st Solution for 7th LSVOS RVOS Track: SaSaSa2VA
- 2025Open-Vocabulary Camouflaged Object Segmentation with Cascaded Vision Language Models