Efficient Track Anything
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Abstract (arXiv)
Segment Anything Model 2 (SAM 2) has emerged as a powerful tool for video object segmentation and tracking anything. Key components of SAM 2 that drive the impressive video object segmentation performance include a large multistage image encoder for frame feature extraction and a memory mechanism that stores memory contexts from past frames to help current frame segmentation. The high computation complexity of multistage image encoder and memory module has limited its applications in real-world tasks, e.g., video object segmentation on mobile devices. To address this limitation, we propose EfficientTAMs, lightweight track anything models that produce high-quality results with low latency and model size. Our idea is based on revisiting the plain, nonhierarchical Vision Transformer (ViT) as an image encoder for video object segmentation, and introducing an efficient memory module, which reduces the complexity for both frame feature extraction and memory computation for current frame segmentation. We take vanilla lightweight ViTs and efficient memory module to build EfficientTAMs, and train the models on SA-1B and SA-V datasets for video object segmentation and track anything tasks. We evaluate on multiple video segmentation benchmarks including semi-supervised VOS and promptable video segmentation, and find that our proposed EfficientTAM with vanilla ViT perform comparably to SAM 2 model (HieraB+SAM 2) with ~2x speedup on A100 and ~2.4x parameter reduction. On segment anything image tasks, our EfficientTAMs also perform favorably over original SAM with ~20x speedup on A100 and ~20x parameter reduction. On mobile devices such as iPhone 15 Pro Max, our EfficientTAMs can run at ~10 FPS for performing video object segmentation with reasonable quality, highlighting the capability of small models for on-device video object segmentation applications.
Key facts. Cited by 21 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 62 of its 90 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Nov 2024.
Builds on
62 of 90 references.
References · 62
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,186
- 2021Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windowscited by 12,139
- 2023Segment Anythingcited by 8,234
- 2020Training data-efficient image transformers & distillation through attentioncited by 4,586
- 2023Grounding DINO: Marrying DINO with Grounded Pre-Training for Open-Set Object Detectioncited by 3,332
- 2024SAM 2: Segment Anything in Images and Videoscited by 2,863
- 2021Masked-attention Mask Transformer for Universal Image Segmentationcited by 2,351
- 2021Pyramid Vision Transformer: A Versatile Backbone for Dense Prediction without Convolutionscited by 1,962
- 2020Rethinking Attention with Performerscited by 1,601
- 2020Linformer: Self-Attention with Linear Complexitycited by 1,474
- 2021Perceiver: General Perception with Iterative Attentioncited by 1,104
38 more
- 2021Scaling Vision Transformerscited by 999
- 2017The 2017 DAVIS Challenge on Video Object Segmentationcited by 957
- 2021Multiscale Vision Transformerscited by 897
- 2022Exploring Plain Vision Transformer Backbones for Object Detectioncited by 724
- 2021MViTv2: Improved Multiscale Vision Transformers for Classification and Detectioncited by 519
- 2021Nystr"omformer: A Nystr"om-Based Algorithm for Approximating Self-Attentioncited by 471
- 2022XMem: Long-Term Video Object Segmentation with an Atkinson-Shiffrin Memory Modelcited by 439
- 2019Video Object Segmentation using Space-Time Memory Networkscited by 438
- 2023Faster Segment Anything: Towards Lightweight SAM for Mobile Applicationscited by 352
- 2023Hiera: A Hierarchical Vision Transformer without the Bells-and-Whistlescited by 290
- 2023Fast Segment Anythingcited by 290
- 2023MOSE: A New Dataset for Video Object Segmentation in Complex Scenescited by 234
- 2023Track Anything: Segment Anything Meets Videoscited by 234
- 2023Inpaint Anything: Segment Anything Meets Image Inpaintingcited by 233
- 2018YouTube-VOS: Sequence-to-Sequence Video Object Segmentationcited by 232
- 2016FractalNet: Ultra-Deep Neural Networks without Residualscited by 216
- 2023Segment and Track Anythingcited by 193
- 2023Putting the Object Back into Video Object Segmentationcited by 188
- 2023EfficientSAM: Leveraged Masked Image Pretraining for Efficient Segment Anythingcited by 188
- 2023EfficientViT: Memory Efficient Vision Transformer with Cascaded Group Attentioncited by 172
- 2023Segment Anything Model (SAM) for Digital Pathology: Assess Zero-shot Segmentation on Whole Slide Imagingcited by 161
- 2022Decoupling Features in Hierarchical Propagation for Video Object Segmentationcited by 148
- 2021Modular Interactive Video Object Segmentation: Interaction-to-Mask, Propagation and Difference-Aware Fusioncited by 129
- 2021SSTVOS: Sparse Spatiotemporal Transformers for Video Object Segmentationcited by 106
- 2023Can SAM Segment Anything? When SAM Meets Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 100
- 2020Learning What to Learn for Video Object Segmentationcited by 89
- 2023Segment Anything Meets Point Trackingcited by 81
- 2024SAM2Long: Enhancing SAM 2 for Long Video Segmentation with a Training-Free Memory Treecited by 80
- 2020Learning Fast and Robust Target Models for Video Object Segmentationcited by 76
- 2024EVF-SAM: Early Vision-Language Fusion for Text-Prompted Segment Anything Modelcited by 65
- 2024SAM2-UNet: Segment Anything 2 Makes Strong Encoder for Natural and Medical Image Segmentationcited by 64
- 2022Recurrent Dynamic Embedding for Video Object Segmentationcited by 52
- 2018The 2018 DAVIS Challenge on Video Object Segmentationcited by 47
- 2024LVOS: A Benchmark for Large-scale Long-term Video Object Segmentationcited by 44
- 2023Explain Any Concept: Segment Anything Meets Concept-Based Explanationcited by 37
- 2024Segment Any Meshcited by 37
- 2022Look Before You Match: Instance Understanding Matters in Video Object Segmentationcited by 34
- 2023Segment Anything Model (SAM) Meets Glass: Mirror and Transparent Objects Cannot Be Easily Detectedcited by 34
50 most cited of 62 All 62 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 10; 2026: 11.
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- 2025VLA-Cache: Efficient Vision-Language-Action Manipulation via Adaptive Token Cachingcited by 86
- 2025Omni-R1: Reinforcement Learning for Omnimodal Reasoning via Two-System Collaborationcited by 41
- 2026DynamicVLA: A Vision-Language-Action Model for Dynamic Object Manipulationcited by 34
- 2025EfficientSAM3: Progressive Hierarchical Distillation for Video Concept Segmentation from SAM1, 2, and 3cited by 4
- 2025HyPSAM: Hybrid Prompt-driven Segment Anything Model for RGB-Thermal Salient Object Detectioncited by 2
- 2026Efficient-SAM2: Accelerating SAM2 with Object-Aware Visual Encoding and Memory Retrievalcited by 2
- 2026VCA: Vision-Click-Action Framework for Precise Manipulation of Segmented Objects in Target Ambiguous Environmentscited by 2
- 2025GRASPTrack: Geometry-Reasoned Association via Segmentation and Projection for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 1
- 2025Benchmarking EfficientTAM on FMO datasetscited by 1
- 2025SAM 2++: Tracking Anything at Any Granularitycited by 1
- 2026TinySAM 2: Extreme Memory Compression for Efficient Track Anything Modelcited by 1
- 2026SENTRY: SAM2-Enhanced Neighbor-Aware and Temporally Reasoned Memory for Visual Trackingcited by 1
9 more
- 2025SAM2Auto: Auto Annotation Using FLASHcited by 0
- 2025Towards Better Ultrasound Video Segmentation Foundation Model: An Empirical study on SAM2 Finetuning from Data Perspectivecited by 0
- 2025Benchmarking SAM2-based Trackers on FMOXcited by 0
- 2026A Multi-View Pipeline and Benchmark Dataset for 3D Hand Pose Estimation in Surgerycited by 0
- 2026Robust Promptable Video Object Segmentationcited by 0
- 2026TextDS: Parameter-Efficient Representation Alignment for Scene Text Detection under Distribution Shiftscited by 0
- 2026Efficient Tracking and Understanding Object Transformationscited by 0
- 2026Lean-SAM2: Target-Anchored Memory and Encoder Acceleration for SAM2cited by 0
- 2026StreamDAM: Presence-Aware Memory for Real-Time Streaming Video Object Segmentationcited by 0
- 2026StreamDAM: Presence-Aware Memory for Real-Time Streaming Video Object Segmentation4 Aug 2026
- 2026Lean-SAM2: Target-Anchored Memory and Encoder Acceleration for SAM222 Jul 2026
- 2026Efficient Tracking and Understanding Object Transformations22 Jul 2026
- 2026TextDS: Parameter-Efficient Representation Alignment for Scene Text Detection under Distribution Shifts26 Jun 2026
- 2026SENTRY: SAM2-Enhanced Neighbor-Aware and Temporally Reasoned Memory for Visual Tracking23 Jun 2026
- 2026TinySAM 2: Extreme Memory Compression for Efficient Track Anything Model18 May 2026
- 2026Robust Promptable Video Object Segmentation12 May 2026
- 2026VCA: Vision-Click-Action Framework for Precise Manipulation of Segmented Objects in Target Ambiguous Environments27 Feb 2026
- 2026Efficient-SAM2: Accelerating SAM2 with Object-Aware Visual Encoding and Memory Retrieval9 Feb 2026
- 2026DynamicVLA: A Vision-Language-Action Model for Dynamic Object Manipulation29 Jan 2026
- 2026A Multi-View Pipeline and Benchmark Dataset for 3D Hand Pose Estimation in Surgery22 Jan 2026
- 2025Benchmarking SAM2-based Trackers on FMOX10 Dec 2025
9 more
- 2025EfficientSAM3: Progressive Hierarchical Distillation for Video Concept Segmentation from SAM1, 2, and 319 Nov 2025
- 2025Towards Better Ultrasound Video Segmentation Foundation Model: An Empirical study on SAM2 Finetuning from Data Perspective7 Nov 2025
- 2025SAM 2++: Tracking Anything at Any Granularity21 Oct 2025
- 2025HyPSAM: Hybrid Prompt-driven Segment Anything Model for RGB-Thermal Salient Object Detection23 Sep 2025
- 2025Benchmarking EfficientTAM on FMO datasets8 Sep 2025
- 2025GRASPTrack: Geometry-Reasoned Association via Segmentation and Projection for Multi-Object Tracking11 Aug 2025
- 2025SAM2Auto: Auto Annotation Using FLASH9 Jun 2025
- 2025Omni-R1: Reinforcement Learning for Omnimodal Reasoning via Two-System Collaboration26 May 2025
- 2025VLA-Cache: Efficient Vision-Language-Action Manipulation via Adaptive Token Caching4 Feb 2025
- 2025SAM2Auto: Auto Annotation Using FLASHcited by 0
- 2025SAM2Auto: Auto Annotation Using FLASH9 Jun 2025
- 2025Omni-R1: Reinforcement Learning for Omnimodal Reasoning via Two-System Collaborationcited by 41
- 2025EfficientSAM3: Progressive Hierarchical Distillation for Video Concept Segmentation from SAM1, 2, and 3cited by 4
- 2025HyPSAM: Hybrid Prompt-driven Segment Anything Model for RGB-Thermal Salient Object Detectioncited by 2
- 2026Efficient-SAM2: Accelerating SAM2 with Object-Aware Visual Encoding and Memory Retrievalcited by 2
- 2025GRASPTrack: Geometry-Reasoned Association via Segmentation and Projection for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 1
- 2025Benchmarking EfficientTAM on FMO datasetscited by 1
- 2025SAM 2++: Tracking Anything at Any Granularitycited by 1
- 2026TinySAM 2: Extreme Memory Compression for Efficient Track Anything Modelcited by 1
- 2026SENTRY: SAM2-Enhanced Neighbor-Aware and Temporally Reasoned Memory for Visual Trackingcited by 1
- 2025Towards Better Ultrasound Video Segmentation Foundation Model: An Empirical study on SAM2 Finetuning from Data Perspectivecited by 0
- 2025Benchmarking SAM2-based Trackers on FMOXcited by 0
- 2026A Multi-View Pipeline and Benchmark Dataset for 3D Hand Pose Estimation in Surgerycited by 0
12 most cited of 17 All 17 (JSON)
- 2026StreamDAM: Presence-Aware Memory for Real-Time Streaming Video Object Segmentation4 Aug 2026
- 2026Lean-SAM2: Target-Anchored Memory and Encoder Acceleration for SAM222 Jul 2026
- 2026Efficient Tracking and Understanding Object Transformations22 Jul 2026
- 2026TextDS: Parameter-Efficient Representation Alignment for Scene Text Detection under Distribution Shifts26 Jun 2026
- 2026SENTRY: SAM2-Enhanced Neighbor-Aware and Temporally Reasoned Memory for Visual Tracking23 Jun 2026
- 2026TinySAM 2: Extreme Memory Compression for Efficient Track Anything Model18 May 2026
- 2026Robust Promptable Video Object Segmentation12 May 2026
- 2026Efficient-SAM2: Accelerating SAM2 with Object-Aware Visual Encoding and Memory Retrieval9 Feb 2026
- 2026A Multi-View Pipeline and Benchmark Dataset for 3D Hand Pose Estimation in Surgery22 Jan 2026
- 2025Benchmarking SAM2-based Trackers on FMOX10 Dec 2025
- 2025EfficientSAM3: Progressive Hierarchical Distillation for Video Concept Segmentation from SAM1, 2, and 319 Nov 2025
- 2025Towards Better Ultrasound Video Segmentation Foundation Model: An Empirical study on SAM2 Finetuning from Data Perspective7 Nov 2025
12 newest of 17 All 17 (JSON)