DiffusionPen: Towards Controlling the Style of Handwritten Text Generation
On the map: Diffusion models → Image generation, text-to-image and editing
Abstract (arXiv)
Handwritten Text Generation (HTG) conditioned on text and style is a challenging task due to the variability of inter-user characteristics and the unlimited combinations of characters that form new words unseen during training. Diffusion Models have recently shown promising results in HTG but still remain under-explored. We present DiffusionPen (DiffPen), a 5-shot style handwritten text generation approach based on Latent Diffusion Models. By utilizing a hybrid style extractor that combines metric learning and classification, our approach manages to capture both textual and stylistic characteristics of seen and unseen words and styles, generating realistic handwritten samples. Moreover, we explore several variation strategies of the data with multi-style mixtures and noisy embeddings, enhancing the robustness and diversity of the generated data. Extensive experiments using IAM offline handwriting database show that our method outperforms existing methods qualitatively and quantitatively, and its additional generated data can improve the performance of Handwriting Text Recognition (HTR) systems. The code is available at: https://github.com/koninik/DiffusionPen.
Key facts. Cited by 16 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Image generation, text-to-image and editing, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 34 of its 45 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Sep 2024.
Builds on
34 of 45 references.
Closest ancestors · 11
Same direction, newest first
- 2023Brush Your Text: Synthesize Any Scene Text on Images via Diffusion Model19 Dec
- 2023FontDiffuser: One-Shot Font Generation via Denoising Diffusion with Multi-Scale Content Aggregation and Style Contrastive Learning19 Dec
- 2023Conditional Text Image Generation with Diffusion Models19 Jun
- 2023Zero-shot Generation of Training Data with Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model for Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition25 May
- 2023TextDiffuser: Diffusion Models as Text Painters18 May
- 2023WordStylist: Styled Verbatim Handwritten Text Generation with Latent Diffusion Models29 Mar
- 2022Diff-Font: Diffusion Model for Robust One-Shot Font Generation12 Dec
- 2022eDiff-I: Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with an Ensemble of Expert Denoisers2 Nov
- 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understanding23 May
- 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latents13 Apr
- 2021GLIDE: Towards Photorealistic Image Generation and Editing with Text-Guided Diffusion Models20 Dec
Other references · 23
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
- 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
- 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,604
- 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
- 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,029
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,655
- 2015Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamicscited by 7,005
- 2018MobileNetV2: Inverted Residuals and Linear Bottleneckscited by 4,773
- 2021Variational Diffusion Modelscited by 1,145
11 more
- 2021CANINE: Pre-training an Efficient Tokenization-Free Encoder for Language Representationcited by 229
- 2021D2C: Diffusion-Denoising Models for Few-shot Conditional Generationcited by 96
- 2020ScrabbleGAN: Semi-Supervised Varying Length Handwritten Text Generationcited by 69
- 2020GANwriting: Content-Conditioned Generation of Styled Handwritten Word Imagescited by 68
- 2019Adversarial Generation of Handwritten Text Images Conditioned on Sequencescited by 37
- 2022Few-Shot Diffusion Modelscited by 37
- 2020Text and Style Conditioned GAN for Generation of Offline Handwriting Linescited by 35
- 2022Content and Style Aware Generation of Text-line Images for Handwriting Recognitioncited by 35
- 2023Handwritten Text Generation from Visual Archetypescited by 32
- 2021SmartPatch: Improving Handwritten Word Imitation with Patch Discriminatorscited by 17
- 2024Best Practices for a Handwritten Text Recognition Systemcited by 17
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 8; 2026: 8.
16 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2025Visual Text Processing: A Comprehensive Review and Unified Evaluationcited by 18
- 2025Zero-Shot Styled Text Image Generation, but Make It Autoregressivecited by 13
- 2025Beyond Isolated Words: Diffusion Brush for Handwritten Text-Line Generationcited by 10
- 2025Autoregressive Styled Text Image Generation, but Make it Reliablecited by 3
- 2025Quo Vadis Handwritten Text Generation for Handwritten Text Recognition?cited by 2
- 2025Dual Orthogonal Guidance for Robust Diffusion-based Handwritten Text Generationcited by 2
- 2025SkyReels-Text: Fine-Grained Font-Controllable Text Editing for Poster Designcited by 1
- 2026CONSTANT: Towards High-Quality One-Shot Handwriting Generation with Patch Contrastive Enhancement and Style-Aware Quantizationcited by 1
- 2026TextWand: A Unified Framework for Scene Text Editingcited by 1
- 2025Layout Stroke Imitation: A Layout Guided Handwriting Stroke Generation for Style Imitation with Diffusion Modelcited by 0
- 2026Diffusion-Based Ukrainian Handwritten Text Generation with Cross-Domain Style Transfercited by 0
- 2026HandwritingAgent: Language-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in Scalable Vector Spacecited by 0
4 more
- 2026DiffMath: Symbol- and Graph-Aware Latent Diffusion Transformer for Handwritten Mathematical Expression Generationcited by 0
- 2026AnyStyle: A Single LoRA is Sufficient for Image-Guided Style Transfercited by 0
- 2026SpiS-GAN: Spiral-Modulated Handwriting Synthesis with Star Operationcited by 0
- 2026Bridging Online and Offline Handwriting via Differentiable Physical Renderingcited by 0
- 2026Bridging Online and Offline Handwriting via Differentiable Physical Rendering4 Aug 2026
- 2026SpiS-GAN: Spiral-Modulated Handwriting Synthesis with Star Operation8 Jul 2026
- 2026AnyStyle: A Single LoRA is Sufficient for Image-Guided Style Transfer6 Jul 2026
- 2026DiffMath: Symbol- and Graph-Aware Latent Diffusion Transformer for Handwritten Mathematical Expression Generation18 Jun 2026
- 2026HandwritingAgent: Language-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in Scalable Vector Space17 Jun 2026
- 2026TextWand: A Unified Framework for Scene Text Editing4 Jun 2026
- 2026Diffusion-Based Ukrainian Handwritten Text Generation with Cross-Domain Style Transfer26 May 2026
- 2026CONSTANT: Towards High-Quality One-Shot Handwriting Generation with Patch Contrastive Enhancement and Style-Aware Quantization8 Mar 2026
- 2025SkyReels-Text: Fine-Grained Font-Controllable Text Editing for Poster Design17 Nov 2025
- 2025Autoregressive Styled Text Image Generation, but Make it Reliable27 Oct 2025
- 2025Layout Stroke Imitation: A Layout Guided Handwriting Stroke Generation for Style Imitation with Diffusion Model19 Sep 2025
- 2025Dual Orthogonal Guidance for Robust Diffusion-based Handwritten Text Generation23 Aug 2025
4 more
- 2025Quo Vadis Handwritten Text Generation for Handwritten Text Recognition?13 Aug 2025
- 2025Beyond Isolated Words: Diffusion Brush for Handwritten Text-Line Generation5 Aug 2025
- 2025Visual Text Processing: A Comprehensive Review and Unified Evaluation30 Apr 2025
- 2025Zero-Shot Styled Text Image Generation, but Make It Autoregressive21 Mar 2025
- 2026CONSTANT: Towards High-Quality One-Shot Handwriting Generation with Patch Contrastive Enhancement and Style-Aware Quantizationcited by 1
- 2025Layout Stroke Imitation: A Layout Guided Handwriting Stroke Generation for Style Imitation with Diffusion Modelcited by 0
- 2026Diffusion-Based Ukrainian Handwritten Text Generation with Cross-Domain Style Transfercited by 0
- 2026DiffMath: Symbol- and Graph-Aware Latent Diffusion Transformer for Handwritten Mathematical Expression Generationcited by 0
- 2026DiffMath: Symbol- and Graph-Aware Latent Diffusion Transformer for Handwritten Mathematical Expression Generation18 Jun 2026
- 2026Diffusion-Based Ukrainian Handwritten Text Generation with Cross-Domain Style Transfer26 May 2026
- 2026CONSTANT: Towards High-Quality One-Shot Handwriting Generation with Patch Contrastive Enhancement and Style-Aware Quantization8 Mar 2026
- 2025Layout Stroke Imitation: A Layout Guided Handwriting Stroke Generation for Style Imitation with Diffusion Model19 Sep 2025
- 2025Visual Text Processing: A Comprehensive Review and Unified Evaluationcited by 18
- 2025Zero-Shot Styled Text Image Generation, but Make It Autoregressivecited by 13
- 2025Beyond Isolated Words: Diffusion Brush for Handwritten Text-Line Generationcited by 10
- 2025Autoregressive Styled Text Image Generation, but Make it Reliablecited by 3
- 2025Quo Vadis Handwritten Text Generation for Handwritten Text Recognition?cited by 2
- 2025Dual Orthogonal Guidance for Robust Diffusion-based Handwritten Text Generationcited by 2
- 2025SkyReels-Text: Fine-Grained Font-Controllable Text Editing for Poster Designcited by 1
- 2026TextWand: A Unified Framework for Scene Text Editingcited by 1
- 2026HandwritingAgent: Language-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in Scalable Vector Spacecited by 0
- 2026AnyStyle: A Single LoRA is Sufficient for Image-Guided Style Transfercited by 0
- 2026SpiS-GAN: Spiral-Modulated Handwriting Synthesis with Star Operationcited by 0
- 2026Bridging Online and Offline Handwriting via Differentiable Physical Renderingcited by 0
- 2026Bridging Online and Offline Handwriting via Differentiable Physical Rendering4 Aug 2026
- 2026SpiS-GAN: Spiral-Modulated Handwriting Synthesis with Star Operation8 Jul 2026
- 2026AnyStyle: A Single LoRA is Sufficient for Image-Guided Style Transfer6 Jul 2026
- 2026HandwritingAgent: Language-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in Scalable Vector Space17 Jun 2026
- 2026TextWand: A Unified Framework for Scene Text Editing4 Jun 2026
- 2025SkyReels-Text: Fine-Grained Font-Controllable Text Editing for Poster Design17 Nov 2025
- 2025Autoregressive Styled Text Image Generation, but Make it Reliable27 Oct 2025
- 2025Dual Orthogonal Guidance for Robust Diffusion-based Handwritten Text Generation23 Aug 2025
- 2025Quo Vadis Handwritten Text Generation for Handwritten Text Recognition?13 Aug 2025
- 2025Beyond Isolated Words: Diffusion Brush for Handwritten Text-Line Generation5 Aug 2025
- 2025Visual Text Processing: A Comprehensive Review and Unified Evaluation30 Apr 2025
- 2025Zero-Shot Styled Text Image Generation, but Make It Autoregressive21 Mar 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2024Semi-Supervised Adaptation of Diffusion Models for Handwritten Text Generation
- 2020Diffusion models for Handwriting Generation
- 2025DiffInk: Glyph- and Style-Aware Latent Diffusion Transformer for Text to Online Handwriting Generation
- 2024StylusAI: Stylistic Adaptation for Robust German Handwritten Text Generation
- 2024One-Shot Diffusion Mimicker for Handwritten Text Generation
- 2024Zero-Shot Paragraph-level Handwriting Imitation with Latent Diffusion Models
- 2024VATr++: Choose Your Words Wisely for Handwritten Text Generation
- 2023DS-Fusion: Artistic Typography via Discriminated and Stylized Diffusion