mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Best Practices for a Handwritten Text Recognition System

arXiv 2404.11339 ↗First posted 17 Apr 2024cs.CVcited by 17

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Abstract (arXiv)

Handwritten text recognition has been developed rapidly in the recent years, following the rise of deep learning and its applications. Though deep learning methods provide notable boost in performance concerning text recognition, non-trivial deviation in performance can be detected even when small pre-processing or architectural/optimization elements are changed. This work follows a ``best practice'' rationale; highlight simple yet effective empirical practices that can further help training and provide well-performing handwritten text recognition systems. Specifically, we considered three basic aspects of a deep HTR system and we proposed simple yet effective solutions: 1) retain the aspect ratio of the images in the preprocessing step, 2) use max-pooling for converting the 3D feature map of CNN output into a sequence of features and 3) assist the training procedure via an additional CTC loss which acts as a shortcut on the max-pooled sequential features. Using these proposed simple modifications, one can attain close to state-of-the-art results, while considering a basic convolutional-recurrent (CNN+LSTM) architecture, for both IAM and RIMES datasets. Code is available at https://github.com/georgeretsi/HTR-best-practices/.

Key facts. Cited by 17 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 13 of its 33 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Apr 2024.

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13 of 33 references.

References · 13

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
  3. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
  4. 2015LSTM: A Search Space Odysseycited by 315
  5. 2019Evaluating Sequence-to-Sequence Models for Handwritten Text Recognitioncited by 58
  6. 2013Dropout improves Recurrent Neural Networks for Handwriting Recognitioncited by 39
  7. 2020Learn to Augment: Joint Data Augmentation and Network Optimization for Text Recognitioncited by 36
  8. 2018Accurate, Data-Efficient, Unconstrained Text Recognition with Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 31
  9. 2018An Efficient End-to-End Neural Model for Handwritten Text Recognitioncited by 25
  10. 2016PHOCNet: A Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Word Spotting in Handwritten Documentscited by 18
  11. 2019A Fully Differentiable Beam Search Decodercited by 14
  12. 2020Enhancing Handwritten Text Recognition with N-gram sequence decomposition and Multitask Learningcited by 11
1 more
  1. 2014Cells in Multidimensional Recurrent Neural Networkscited by 1

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 6; 2025: 6; 2026: 5.

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  1. 2024One-Shot Diffusion Mimicker for Handwritten Text Generationcited by 20
  2. 2024DiffusionPen: Towards Controlling the Style of Handwritten Text Generationcited by 16
  3. 2024On the Generalization of Handwritten Text Recognition Modelscited by 10
  4. 2025Beyond Isolated Words: Diffusion Brush for Handwritten Text-Line Generationcited by 10
  5. 2024Rethinking HTG Evaluation: Bridging Generation and Recognitioncited by 6
  6. 2026A Human-in-the-Loop Label Error Detection Framework Applied to Arabic-Script HTR Datasetscited by 3
  7. 2025Quo Vadis Handwritten Text Generation for Handwritten Text Recognition?cited by 2
  8. 2025Dual Orthogonal Guidance for Robust Diffusion-based Handwritten Text Generationcited by 2
  9. 2026Cross-Lingual Learning within Arabic Script for Low-Resource HTRcited by 2
  10. 2025CTC Transcription Alignment of the Bullinger Letters: Automatic Improvement of Annotation Qualitycited by 1
  11. 2025Handwritten Text Recognition of Historical Manuscripts Using Transformer-Based Modelscited by 1
  12. 2026Understanding Cross-Language Transfer Improvements in Low-Resource HTR: The Role of Sequence Modelingcited by 1
5 more
  1. 2024Boosting CNN-based Handwriting Recognition Systems with Learnable Relaxation Labelingcited by 0
  2. 2024HTR-JAND: Handwritten Text Recognition with Joint Attention Network and Knowledge Distillationcited by 0
  3. 2025DNA: Dual-branch Network with Adaptation for Open-Set Online Handwriting Generationcited by 0
  4. 2026BullingerDB: A Dataset for Handwritten Text Recognition and Writer Retrievalcited by 0
  5. 2026Performance Gap Analysis between Latin and Arabic Scripts HTRcited by 0