Adversarial Generation of Handwritten Text Images Conditioned on Sequences
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
State-of-the-art offline handwriting text recognition systems tend to use neural networks and therefore require a large amount of annotated data to be trained. In order to partially satisfy this requirement, we propose a system based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) to produce synthetic images of handwritten words. We use bidirectional LSTM recurrent layers to get an embedding of the word to be rendered, and we feed it to the generator network. We also modify the standard GAN by adding an auxiliary network for text recognition. The system is then trained with a balanced combination of an adversarial loss and a CTC loss. Together, these extensions to GAN enable to control the textual content of the generated word images. We obtain realistic images on both French and Arabic datasets, and we show that integrating these synthetic images into the existing training data of a text recognition system can slightly enhance its performance.
Key facts. Cited by 37 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 1 Mar 2019.
Builds on
No reference list yet.
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2020: 1; 2021: 3; 2022: 7; 2023: 10; 2024: 4; 2025: 9; 2026: 3.
37 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2023Conditional Text Image Generation with Diffusion Modelscited by 58
- 2021TextStyleBrush: Transfer of Text Aesthetics from a Single Examplecited by 49
- 2021Handwriting Transformerscited by 37
- 2022Content and Style Aware Generation of Text-line Images for Handwriting Recognitioncited by 35
- 2023Handwritten Text Generation from Visual Archetypescited by 32
- 2022SLOGAN: Handwriting Style Synthesis for Arbitrary-Length and Out-of-Vocabulary Textcited by 26
- 2020Diffusion models for Handwriting Generationcited by 25
- 2024One-Shot Diffusion Mimicker for Handwritten Text Generationcited by 20
- 2023HWD: A Novel Evaluation Score for Styled Handwritten Text Generationcited by 19
- 2024VATr++: Choose Your Words Wisely for Handwritten Text Generationcited by 18
- 2024DiffusionPen: Towards Controlling the Style of Handwritten Text Generationcited by 16
- 2022Two Decades of Bengali Handwritten Digit Recognition: A Surveycited by 13
25 more
- 2023How to Choose Pretrained Handwriting Recognition Models for Single Writer Fine-Tuningcited by 13
- 2025Zero-Shot Styled Text Image Generation, but Make It Autoregressivecited by 13
- 2021TextAdaIN: Paying Attention to Shortcut Learning in Text Recognizerscited by 11
- 2025Beyond Isolated Words: Diffusion Brush for Handwritten Text-Line Generationcited by 10
- 2023Improving Handwritten OCR with Training Samples Generated by Glyph Conditional Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelcited by 8
- 2022Auxiliary Cross-Modal Representation Learning with Triplet Loss Functions for Online Handwriting Recognitioncited by 6
- 2022GenText: Unsupervised Artistic Text Generation via Decoupled Font and Texture Manipulationcited by 6
- 2024Rethinking HTG Evaluation: Bridging Generation and Recognitioncited by 6
- 2022Self-Training of Handwritten Word Recognition for Synthetic-to-Real Adaptationcited by 5
- 2025Autoregressive Styled Text Image Generation, but Make it Reliablecited by 3
- 2023DSS: Synthesizing long Digital Ink using Data augmentation, Style encoding and Split generationcited by 2
- 2025Advancing Offline Handwritten Text Recognition: A Systematic Review of Data Augmentation and Generation Techniquescited by 2
- 2025Dual Orthogonal Guidance for Robust Diffusion-based Handwritten Text Generationcited by 2
- 2025TrInk: Ink Generation with Transformer Networkcited by 2
- 2023A Study of Augmentation Methods for Handwritten Stenography Recognitioncited by 1
- 2023MetaScript: Few-Shot Handwritten Chinese Content Generation via Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 1
- 2025FW-GAN: Frequency-Driven Handwriting Synthesis with Wave-Modulated MLP Generatorcited by 1
- 2022Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Reading Music Systemscited by 0
- 2023Offline Detection of Misspelled Handwritten Words by Convolving Recognition Model Features with Text Labelscited by 0
- 2023Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Reading Music Systemscited by 0
- 2025WriteViT: Handwritten Text Generation with Vision Transformercited by 0
- 2025ScriptViT: Vision Transformer-Based Personalized Handwriting Generationcited by 0
- 2026Diffusion-Based Ukrainian Handwritten Text Generation with Cross-Domain Style Transfercited by 0
- 2026HandwritingAgent: Language-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in Scalable Vector Spacecited by 0
- 2026SpiS-GAN: Spiral-Modulated Handwriting Synthesis with Star Operationcited by 0
- 2026SpiS-GAN: Spiral-Modulated Handwriting Synthesis with Star Operation8 Jul 2026
- 2026HandwritingAgent: Language-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in Scalable Vector Space17 Jun 2026
- 2026Diffusion-Based Ukrainian Handwritten Text Generation with Cross-Domain Style Transfer26 May 2026
- 2025ScriptViT: Vision Transformer-Based Personalized Handwriting Generation23 Nov 2025
- 2025Autoregressive Styled Text Image Generation, but Make it Reliable27 Oct 2025
- 2025TrInk: Ink Generation with Transformer Network28 Aug 2025
- 2025FW-GAN: Frequency-Driven Handwriting Synthesis with Wave-Modulated MLP Generator28 Aug 2025
- 2025Dual Orthogonal Guidance for Robust Diffusion-based Handwritten Text Generation23 Aug 2025
- 2025Beyond Isolated Words: Diffusion Brush for Handwritten Text-Line Generation5 Aug 2025
- 2025Advancing Offline Handwritten Text Recognition: A Systematic Review of Data Augmentation and Generation Techniques8 Jul 2025
- 2025WriteViT: Handwritten Text Generation with Vision Transformer19 May 2025
- 2025Zero-Shot Styled Text Image Generation, but Make It Autoregressive21 Mar 2025
25 more
- 2024DiffusionPen: Towards Controlling the Style of Handwritten Text Generation9 Sep 2024
- 2024One-Shot Diffusion Mimicker for Handwritten Text Generation6 Sep 2024
- 2024Rethinking HTG Evaluation: Bridging Generation and Recognition4 Sep 2024
- 2024VATr++: Choose Your Words Wisely for Handwritten Text Generation16 Feb 2024
- 2023MetaScript: Few-Shot Handwritten Chinese Content Generation via Generative Adversarial Networks25 Dec 2023
- 2023DSS: Synthesizing long Digital Ink using Data augmentation, Style encoding and Split generation29 Nov 2023
- 2023Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Reading Music Systems7 Nov 2023
- 2023HWD: A Novel Evaluation Score for Styled Handwritten Text Generation31 Oct 2023
- 2023Offline Detection of Misspelled Handwritten Words by Convolving Recognition Model Features with Text Labels18 Sep 2023
- 2023Conditional Text Image Generation with Diffusion Models19 Jun 2023
- 2023Improving Handwritten OCR with Training Samples Generated by Glyph Conditional Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model31 May 2023
- 2023How to Choose Pretrained Handwriting Recognition Models for Single Writer Fine-Tuning4 May 2023
- 2023Handwritten Text Generation from Visual Archetypes27 Mar 2023
- 2023A Study of Augmentation Methods for Handwritten Stenography Recognition5 Mar 2023
- 2022Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Reading Music Systems23 Nov 2022
- 2022GenText: Unsupervised Artistic Text Generation via Decoupled Font and Texture Manipulation20 Jul 2022
- 2022Self-Training of Handwritten Word Recognition for Synthetic-to-Real Adaptation7 Jun 2022
- 2022Two Decades of Bengali Handwritten Digit Recognition: A Survey5 Jun 2022
- 2022Content and Style Aware Generation of Text-line Images for Handwriting Recognition12 Apr 2022
- 2022SLOGAN: Handwriting Style Synthesis for Arbitrary-Length and Out-of-Vocabulary Text23 Feb 2022
- 2022Auxiliary Cross-Modal Representation Learning with Triplet Loss Functions for Online Handwriting Recognition16 Feb 2022
- 2021TextStyleBrush: Transfer of Text Aesthetics from a Single Example15 Jun 2021
- 2021TextAdaIN: Paying Attention to Shortcut Learning in Text Recognizers9 May 2021
- 2021Handwriting Transformers8 Apr 2021
- 2020Diffusion models for Handwriting Generation13 Nov 2020
- 2023Conditional Text Image Generation with Diffusion Modelscited by 58
- 2020Diffusion models for Handwriting Generationcited by 25
- 2024VATr++: Choose Your Words Wisely for Handwritten Text Generationcited by 18
- 2024DiffusionPen: Towards Controlling the Style of Handwritten Text Generationcited by 16
- 2023Improving Handwritten OCR with Training Samples Generated by Glyph Conditional Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelcited by 8
- 2026Diffusion-Based Ukrainian Handwritten Text Generation with Cross-Domain Style Transfercited by 0
- 2026Diffusion-Based Ukrainian Handwritten Text Generation with Cross-Domain Style Transfer26 May 2026
- 2024DiffusionPen: Towards Controlling the Style of Handwritten Text Generation9 Sep 2024
- 2024VATr++: Choose Your Words Wisely for Handwritten Text Generation16 Feb 2024
- 2023Conditional Text Image Generation with Diffusion Models19 Jun 2023
- 2023Improving Handwritten OCR with Training Samples Generated by Glyph Conditional Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model31 May 2023
- 2020Diffusion models for Handwriting Generation13 Nov 2020
- 2021TextStyleBrush: Transfer of Text Aesthetics from a Single Examplecited by 49
- 2021Handwriting Transformerscited by 37
- 2022Content and Style Aware Generation of Text-line Images for Handwriting Recognitioncited by 35
- 2023Handwritten Text Generation from Visual Archetypescited by 32
- 2022SLOGAN: Handwriting Style Synthesis for Arbitrary-Length and Out-of-Vocabulary Textcited by 26
- 2024One-Shot Diffusion Mimicker for Handwritten Text Generationcited by 20
- 2023HWD: A Novel Evaluation Score for Styled Handwritten Text Generationcited by 19
- 2022Two Decades of Bengali Handwritten Digit Recognition: A Surveycited by 13
- 2023How to Choose Pretrained Handwriting Recognition Models for Single Writer Fine-Tuningcited by 13
- 2025Zero-Shot Styled Text Image Generation, but Make It Autoregressivecited by 13
- 2021TextAdaIN: Paying Attention to Shortcut Learning in Text Recognizerscited by 11
- 2025Beyond Isolated Words: Diffusion Brush for Handwritten Text-Line Generationcited by 10
12 most cited of 31 All 31 (JSON)
- 2026SpiS-GAN: Spiral-Modulated Handwriting Synthesis with Star Operation8 Jul 2026
- 2026HandwritingAgent: Language-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in Scalable Vector Space17 Jun 2026
- 2025ScriptViT: Vision Transformer-Based Personalized Handwriting Generation23 Nov 2025
- 2025Autoregressive Styled Text Image Generation, but Make it Reliable27 Oct 2025
- 2025TrInk: Ink Generation with Transformer Network28 Aug 2025
- 2025FW-GAN: Frequency-Driven Handwriting Synthesis with Wave-Modulated MLP Generator28 Aug 2025
- 2025Dual Orthogonal Guidance for Robust Diffusion-based Handwritten Text Generation23 Aug 2025
- 2025Beyond Isolated Words: Diffusion Brush for Handwritten Text-Line Generation5 Aug 2025
- 2025Advancing Offline Handwritten Text Recognition: A Systematic Review of Data Augmentation and Generation Techniques8 Jul 2025
- 2025WriteViT: Handwritten Text Generation with Vision Transformer19 May 2025
- 2025Zero-Shot Styled Text Image Generation, but Make It Autoregressive21 Mar 2025
- 2024One-Shot Diffusion Mimicker for Handwritten Text Generation6 Sep 2024
12 newest of 31 All 31 (JSON)