WordStylist: Styled Verbatim Handwritten Text Generation with Latent Diffusion Models
On the map: Diffusion models → Image generation, text-to-image and editing
Abstract (arXiv)
Text-to-Image synthesis is the task of generating an image according to a specific text description. Generative Adversarial Networks have been considered the standard method for image synthesis virtually since their introduction. Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models are recently setting a new baseline, with remarkable results in Text-to-Image synthesis, among other fields. Aside its usefulness per se, it can also be particularly relevant as a tool for data augmentation to aid training models for other document image processing tasks. In this work, we present a latent diffusion-based method for styled text-to-text-content-image generation on word-level. Our proposed method is able to generate realistic word image samples from different writer styles, by using class index styles and text content prompts without the need of adversarial training, writer recognition, or text recognition. We gauge system performance with the Fr'echet Inception Distance, writer recognition accuracy, and writer retrieval. We show that the proposed model produces samples that are aesthetically pleasing, help boosting text recognition performance, and get similar writer retrieval score as real data. Code is available at: https://github.com/koninik/WordStylist.
Key facts. Cited by 23 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Image generation, text-to-image and editing, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 25 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Mar 2023.
Builds on
25 of 43 references.
Closest ancestors · 2
Same direction, newest first
- 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understanding23 May
- 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latents13 Apr
Other references · 23
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
- 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,604
- 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
- 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,498
- 2015Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamicscited by 7,005
- 2015Rethinking the Inception Architecture for Computer Visioncited by 5,451
- 2014Conditional Generative Adversarial Netscited by 2,152
- 2018Glow: Generative Flow with Invertible 1x1 Convolutionscited by 1,539
- 2020DiffWave: A Versatile Diffusion Model for Audio Synthesiscited by 1,339
- 2021Variational Diffusion Modelscited by 1,145
11 more
- 2021Symbolic Music Generation with Diffusion Modelscited by 152
- 2020ScrabbleGAN: Semi-Supervised Varying Length Handwritten Text Generationcited by 69
- 2020GANwriting: Content-Conditioned Generation of Styled Handwritten Word Imagescited by 68
- 2021Adversarial Text-to-Image Synthesis: A Reviewcited by 52
- 2021Handwriting Transformerscited by 37
- 2022Content and Style Aware Generation of Text-line Images for Handwriting Recognitioncited by 35
- 2017Unsupervised Feature Learning for Writer Identification and Writer Retrievalcited by 24
- 2022A Survey of Historical Document Image Datasetscited by 18
- 2021SmartPatch: Improving Handwritten Word Imitation with Patch Discriminatorscited by 17
- 2017Encoding CNN Activations for Writer Recognitioncited by 13
- 2021Generating Synthetic Handwritten Historical Documents With OCR Constrained GANscited by 5
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 3; 2024: 8; 2025: 8; 2026: 4.
23 papers.
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- 2023FontDiffuser: One-Shot Font Generation via Denoising Diffusion with Multi-Scale Content Aggregation and Style Contrastive Learningcited by 48
- 2024Visual Text Generation in the Wildcited by 22
- 2023Diffusion-NAT: Self-Prompting Discrete Diffusion for Non-Autoregressive Text Generationcited by 21
- 2024One-Shot Diffusion Mimicker for Handwritten Text Generationcited by 20
- 2024VATr++: Choose Your Words Wisely for Handwritten Text Generationcited by 18
- 2024DiffusionPen: Towards Controlling the Style of Handwritten Text Generationcited by 16
- 2025Zero-Shot Styled Text Image Generation, but Make It Autoregressivecited by 13
- 2025Beyond Isolated Words: Diffusion Brush for Handwritten Text-Line Generationcited by 10
- 2024Rethinking HTG Evaluation: Bridging Generation and Recognitioncited by 6
- 2024Zero-Shot Paragraph-level Handwriting Imitation with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 5
- 2025Autoregressive Styled Text Image Generation, but Make it Reliablecited by 3
- 2024StylusAI: Stylistic Adaptation for Robust German Handwritten Text Generationcited by 2
11 more
- 2024Latent Diffusion for Guided Document Table Generationcited by 2
- 2025Quo Vadis Handwritten Text Generation for Handwritten Text Recognition?cited by 2
- 2025Dual Orthogonal Guidance for Robust Diffusion-based Handwritten Text Generationcited by 2
- 2025FW-GAN: Frequency-Driven Handwriting Synthesis with Wave-Modulated MLP Generatorcited by 1
- 2026CONSTANT: Towards High-Quality One-Shot Handwriting Generation with Patch Contrastive Enhancement and Style-Aware Quantizationcited by 1
- 2026Few-shot Writer Adaptation via Multimodal In-Context Learningcited by 1
- 2023Enhancing Scene Text Detectors with Realistic Text Image Synthesis Using Diffusion Modelscited by 0
- 2025Layout Stroke Imitation: A Layout Guided Handwriting Stroke Generation for Style Imitation with Diffusion Modelcited by 0
- 2025ScriptViT: Vision Transformer-Based Personalized Handwriting Generationcited by 0
- 2026Tokenization vs. Augmentation: A Systematic Study of Writer Variance in IMU-Based Online Handwriting Recognitioncited by 0
- 2026Diffusion-Based Ukrainian Handwritten Text Generation with Cross-Domain Style Transfercited by 0
- 2026Diffusion-Based Ukrainian Handwritten Text Generation with Cross-Domain Style Transfer26 May 2026
- 2026Few-shot Writer Adaptation via Multimodal In-Context Learning31 Mar 2026
- 2026CONSTANT: Towards High-Quality One-Shot Handwriting Generation with Patch Contrastive Enhancement and Style-Aware Quantization8 Mar 2026
- 2026Tokenization vs. Augmentation: A Systematic Study of Writer Variance in IMU-Based Online Handwriting Recognition25 Feb 2026
- 2025ScriptViT: Vision Transformer-Based Personalized Handwriting Generation23 Nov 2025
- 2025Autoregressive Styled Text Image Generation, but Make it Reliable27 Oct 2025
- 2025Layout Stroke Imitation: A Layout Guided Handwriting Stroke Generation for Style Imitation with Diffusion Model19 Sep 2025
- 2025FW-GAN: Frequency-Driven Handwriting Synthesis with Wave-Modulated MLP Generator28 Aug 2025
- 2025Dual Orthogonal Guidance for Robust Diffusion-based Handwritten Text Generation23 Aug 2025
- 2025Quo Vadis Handwritten Text Generation for Handwritten Text Recognition?13 Aug 2025
- 2025Beyond Isolated Words: Diffusion Brush for Handwritten Text-Line Generation5 Aug 2025
- 2025Zero-Shot Styled Text Image Generation, but Make It Autoregressive21 Mar 2025
11 more
- 2024DiffusionPen: Towards Controlling the Style of Handwritten Text Generation9 Sep 2024
- 2024One-Shot Diffusion Mimicker for Handwritten Text Generation6 Sep 2024
- 2024Rethinking HTG Evaluation: Bridging Generation and Recognition4 Sep 2024
- 2024Zero-Shot Paragraph-level Handwriting Imitation with Latent Diffusion Models1 Sep 2024
- 2024Latent Diffusion for Guided Document Table Generation19 Aug 2024
- 2024StylusAI: Stylistic Adaptation for Robust German Handwritten Text Generation22 Jul 2024
- 2024Visual Text Generation in the Wild19 Jul 2024
- 2024VATr++: Choose Your Words Wisely for Handwritten Text Generation16 Feb 2024
- 2023FontDiffuser: One-Shot Font Generation via Denoising Diffusion with Multi-Scale Content Aggregation and Style Contrastive Learning19 Dec 2023
- 2023Enhancing Scene Text Detectors with Realistic Text Image Synthesis Using Diffusion Models28 Nov 2023
- 2023Diffusion-NAT: Self-Prompting Discrete Diffusion for Non-Autoregressive Text Generation6 May 2023
- 2023FontDiffuser: One-Shot Font Generation via Denoising Diffusion with Multi-Scale Content Aggregation and Style Contrastive Learningcited by 48
- 2023Diffusion-NAT: Self-Prompting Discrete Diffusion for Non-Autoregressive Text Generationcited by 21
- 2024VATr++: Choose Your Words Wisely for Handwritten Text Generationcited by 18
- 2024DiffusionPen: Towards Controlling the Style of Handwritten Text Generationcited by 16
- 2024Zero-Shot Paragraph-level Handwriting Imitation with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 5
- 2024StylusAI: Stylistic Adaptation for Robust German Handwritten Text Generationcited by 2
- 2024Latent Diffusion for Guided Document Table Generationcited by 2
- 2026CONSTANT: Towards High-Quality One-Shot Handwriting Generation with Patch Contrastive Enhancement and Style-Aware Quantizationcited by 1
- 2023Enhancing Scene Text Detectors with Realistic Text Image Synthesis Using Diffusion Modelscited by 0
- 2025Layout Stroke Imitation: A Layout Guided Handwriting Stroke Generation for Style Imitation with Diffusion Modelcited by 0
- 2026Diffusion-Based Ukrainian Handwritten Text Generation with Cross-Domain Style Transfercited by 0
- 2026Diffusion-Based Ukrainian Handwritten Text Generation with Cross-Domain Style Transfer26 May 2026
- 2026CONSTANT: Towards High-Quality One-Shot Handwriting Generation with Patch Contrastive Enhancement and Style-Aware Quantization8 Mar 2026
- 2025Layout Stroke Imitation: A Layout Guided Handwriting Stroke Generation for Style Imitation with Diffusion Model19 Sep 2025
- 2024DiffusionPen: Towards Controlling the Style of Handwritten Text Generation9 Sep 2024
- 2024Zero-Shot Paragraph-level Handwriting Imitation with Latent Diffusion Models1 Sep 2024
- 2024Latent Diffusion for Guided Document Table Generation19 Aug 2024
- 2024StylusAI: Stylistic Adaptation for Robust German Handwritten Text Generation22 Jul 2024
- 2024VATr++: Choose Your Words Wisely for Handwritten Text Generation16 Feb 2024
- 2023FontDiffuser: One-Shot Font Generation via Denoising Diffusion with Multi-Scale Content Aggregation and Style Contrastive Learning19 Dec 2023
- 2023Enhancing Scene Text Detectors with Realistic Text Image Synthesis Using Diffusion Models28 Nov 2023
- 2023Diffusion-NAT: Self-Prompting Discrete Diffusion for Non-Autoregressive Text Generation6 May 2023
- 2024Visual Text Generation in the Wildcited by 22
- 2024One-Shot Diffusion Mimicker for Handwritten Text Generationcited by 20
- 2025Zero-Shot Styled Text Image Generation, but Make It Autoregressivecited by 13
- 2025Beyond Isolated Words: Diffusion Brush for Handwritten Text-Line Generationcited by 10
- 2024Rethinking HTG Evaluation: Bridging Generation and Recognitioncited by 6
- 2025Autoregressive Styled Text Image Generation, but Make it Reliablecited by 3
- 2025Quo Vadis Handwritten Text Generation for Handwritten Text Recognition?cited by 2
- 2025Dual Orthogonal Guidance for Robust Diffusion-based Handwritten Text Generationcited by 2
- 2025FW-GAN: Frequency-Driven Handwriting Synthesis with Wave-Modulated MLP Generatorcited by 1
- 2026Few-shot Writer Adaptation via Multimodal In-Context Learningcited by 1
- 2025ScriptViT: Vision Transformer-Based Personalized Handwriting Generationcited by 0
- 2026Tokenization vs. Augmentation: A Systematic Study of Writer Variance in IMU-Based Online Handwriting Recognitioncited by 0
- 2026Few-shot Writer Adaptation via Multimodal In-Context Learning31 Mar 2026
- 2026Tokenization vs. Augmentation: A Systematic Study of Writer Variance in IMU-Based Online Handwriting Recognition25 Feb 2026
- 2025ScriptViT: Vision Transformer-Based Personalized Handwriting Generation23 Nov 2025
- 2025Autoregressive Styled Text Image Generation, but Make it Reliable27 Oct 2025
- 2025FW-GAN: Frequency-Driven Handwriting Synthesis with Wave-Modulated MLP Generator28 Aug 2025
- 2025Dual Orthogonal Guidance for Robust Diffusion-based Handwritten Text Generation23 Aug 2025
- 2025Quo Vadis Handwritten Text Generation for Handwritten Text Recognition?13 Aug 2025
- 2025Beyond Isolated Words: Diffusion Brush for Handwritten Text-Line Generation5 Aug 2025
- 2025Zero-Shot Styled Text Image Generation, but Make It Autoregressive21 Mar 2025
- 2024One-Shot Diffusion Mimicker for Handwritten Text Generation6 Sep 2024
- 2024Rethinking HTG Evaluation: Bridging Generation and Recognition4 Sep 2024
- 2024Visual Text Generation in the Wild19 Jul 2024
Similar, not cited
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- 2020Diffusion models for Handwriting Generation
- 2024Semi-Supervised Adaptation of Diffusion Models for Handwritten Text Generation
- 2023DS-Fusion: Artistic Typography via Discriminated and Stylized Diffusion
- 2023UDiffText: A Unified Framework for High-quality Text Synthesis in Arbitrary Images via Character-aware Diffusion Models
- 2026ImageRAGTurbo: Towards One-step Text-to-Image Generation with Retrieval-Augmented Diffusion Models
- 2025Beyond Words: Advancing Long-Text Image Generation via Multimodal Autoregressive Models
- 2025Training-free Stylized Text-to-Image Generation with Fast Inference
- 2023Conditional Text Image Generation with Diffusion Models