mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Text and Style Conditioned GAN for Generation of Offline Handwriting Lines

arXiv 2009.00678 ↗First posted 1 Sep 2020cs.CVcited by 35

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Abstract (arXiv)

This paper presents a GAN for generating images of handwritten lines conditioned on arbitrary text and latent style vectors. Unlike prior work, which produce stroke points or single-word images, this model generates entire lines of offline handwriting. The model produces variable-sized images by using style vectors to determine character widths. A generator network is trained with GAN and autoencoder techniques to learn style, and uses a pre-trained handwriting recognition network to induce legibility. A study using human evaluators demonstrates that the model produces images that appear to be written by a human. After training, the encoder network can extract a style vector from an image, allowing images in a similar style to be generated, but with arbitrary text.

Key facts. Cited by 35 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 1 Sep 2020.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 7; 2022: 3; 2023: 7; 2024: 6; 2025: 10; 2026: 2.

35 papers.

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  1. 2022End-to-end Document Recognition and Understanding with Dessurtcited by 73
  2. 2023Conditional Text Image Generation with Diffusion Modelscited by 57
  3. 2021TextStyleBrush: Transfer of Text Aesthetics from a Single Examplecited by 48
  4. 2021Handwriting Transformerscited by 37
  5. 2022Content and Style Aware Generation of Text-line Images for Handwriting Recognitioncited by 35
  6. 2023Handwritten Text Generation from Visual Archetypescited by 32
  7. 2021MetaHTR: Towards Writer-Adaptive Handwritten Text Recognitioncited by 27
  8. 2024One-Shot Diffusion Mimicker for Handwritten Text Generationcited by 20
  9. 2023HWD: A Novel Evaluation Score for Styled Handwritten Text Generationcited by 19
  10. 2024VATr++: Choose Your Words Wisely for Handwritten Text Generationcited by 18
  11. 2021SmartPatch: Improving Handwritten Word Imitation with Patch Discriminatorscited by 17
  12. 2024DiffusionPen: Towards Controlling the Style of Handwritten Text Generationcited by 16
23 more
  1. 2023How to Choose Pretrained Handwriting Recognition Models for Single Writer Fine-Tuningcited by 13
  2. 2025Zero-Shot Styled Text Image Generation, but Make It Autoregressivecited by 13
  3. 2021Style Equalization: Unsupervised Learning of Controllable Generative Sequence Modelscited by 11
  4. 2025Beyond Isolated Words: Diffusion Brush for Handwritten Text-Line Generationcited by 10
  5. 2023Improving Handwritten OCR with Training Samples Generated by Glyph Conditional Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelcited by 8
  6. 2022GenText: Unsupervised Artistic Text Generation via Decoupled Font and Texture Manipulationcited by 6
  7. 2024Rethinking HTG Evaluation: Bridging Generation and Recognitioncited by 6
  8. 2021Repaint: Improving the Generalization of Down-Stream Visual Tasks by Generating Multiple Instances of Training Examplescited by 5
  9. 2024Zero-Shot Paragraph-level Handwriting Imitation with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 5
  10. 2026Beyond Human Annotation: Recent Advances in Data Generation Methods for Document Intelligencecited by 4
  11. 2021TRACE: A Differentiable Approach to Line-level Stroke Recovery for Offline Handwritten Textcited by 3
  12. 2024Image-based Freeform Handwriting Authentication with Energy-oriented Self-Supervised Learningcited by 3
  13. 2025Autoregressive Styled Text Image Generation, but Make it Reliablecited by 3
  14. 2023CSSL-RHA: Contrastive Self-Supervised Learning for Robust Handwriting Authenticationcited by 2
  15. 2025MetaWriter: Personalized Handwritten Text Recognition Using Meta-Learned Prompt Tuningcited by 2
  16. 2025Advancing Offline Handwritten Text Recognition: A Systematic Review of Data Augmentation and Generation Techniquescited by 2
  17. 2025Dual Orthogonal Guidance for Robust Diffusion-based Handwritten Text Generationcited by 2
  18. 2025FW-GAN: Frequency-Driven Handwriting Synthesis with Wave-Modulated MLP Generatorcited by 1
  19. 2025SkyReels-Text: Fine-Grained Font-Controllable Text Editing for Poster Designcited by 1
  20. 2023Offline Detection of Misspelled Handwritten Words by Convolving Recognition Model Features with Text Labelscited by 0
  21. 2025Layout Stroke Imitation: A Layout Guided Handwriting Stroke Generation for Style Imitation with Diffusion Modelcited by 0
  22. 2025ScriptViT: Vision Transformer-Based Personalized Handwriting Generationcited by 0
  23. 2026SpiS-GAN: Spiral-Modulated Handwriting Synthesis with Star Operationcited by 0