mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

SmartPatch: Improving Handwritten Word Imitation with Patch Discriminators

arXiv 2105.10528 ↗First posted 21 May 2021cs.CVcited by 17

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Abstract (arXiv)

As of recent generative adversarial networks have allowed for big leaps in the realism of generated images in diverse domains, not the least of which being handwritten text generation. The generation of realistic-looking hand-written text is important because it can be used for data augmentation in handwritten text recognition (HTR) systems or human-computer interaction. We propose SmartPatch, a new technique increasing the performance of current state-of-the-art methods by augmenting the training feedback with a tailored solution to mitigate pen-level artifacts. We combine the well-known patch loss with information gathered from the parallel trained handwritten text recognition system and the separate characters of the word. This leads to a more enhanced local discriminator and results in more realistic and higher-quality generated handwritten words.

Key facts. Cited by 17 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 15 of its 21 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 May 2021.

Builds on

15 of 21 references.

References · 15

  1. 2014Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognitioncited by 15,364
  2. 2014ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challengecited by 8,498
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  7. 2013Generating Sequences With Recurrent Neural Networkscited by 554
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  9. 2020ScrabbleGAN: Semi-Supervised Varying Length Handwritten Text Generationcited by 69
  10. 2020GANwriting: Content-Conditioned Generation of Styled Handwritten Word Imagescited by 68
  11. 2019Evaluating Sequence-to-Sequence Models for Handwritten Text Recognitioncited by 58
  12. 2018DeepWriting: Making Digital Ink Editable via Deep Generative Modelingcited by 39
3 more
  1. 2020Text and Style Conditioned GAN for Generation of Offline Handwriting Linescited by 35
  2. 2019STCN: Stochastic Temporal Convolutional Networkscited by 26
  3. 2020Spatio-Temporal Handwriting Imitationcited by 5

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 3; 2023: 5; 2024: 4; 2025: 2; 2026: 3.

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  1. 2023Handwritten Text Generation from Visual Archetypescited by 32
  2. 2023WordStylist: Styled Verbatim Handwritten Text Generation with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 23
  3. 2023HWD: A Novel Evaluation Score for Styled Handwritten Text Generationcited by 19
  4. 2024DiffusionPen: Towards Controlling the Style of Handwritten Text Generationcited by 16
  5. 2023How to Choose Pretrained Handwriting Recognition Models for Single Writer Fine-Tuningcited by 13
  6. 2022Auxiliary Cross-Modal Representation Learning with Triplet Loss Functions for Online Handwriting Recognitioncited by 6
  7. 2024Rethinking HTG Evaluation: Bridging Generation and Recognitioncited by 6
  8. 2022Self-Training of Handwritten Word Recognition for Synthetic-to-Real Adaptationcited by 5
  9. 2024Zero-Shot Paragraph-level Handwriting Imitation with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 5
  10. 2026Beyond Human Annotation: Recent Advances in Data Generation Methods for Document Intelligencecited by 4
  11. 2022APRNet: Attention-based Pixel-wise Rendering Network for Photo-Realistic Text Image Generationcited by 3
  12. 2024StylusAI: Stylistic Adaptation for Robust German Handwritten Text Generationcited by 2
5 more
  1. 2025Dual Orthogonal Guidance for Robust Diffusion-based Handwritten Text Generationcited by 2
  2. 2023A Study of Augmentation Methods for Handwritten Stenography Recognitioncited by 1
  3. 2025FW-GAN: Frequency-Driven Handwriting Synthesis with Wave-Modulated MLP Generatorcited by 1
  4. 2026CONSTANT: Towards High-Quality One-Shot Handwriting Generation with Patch Contrastive Enhancement and Style-Aware Quantizationcited by 1
  5. 2026SpiS-GAN: Spiral-Modulated Handwriting Synthesis with Star Operationcited by 0