mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

OMNI-EPIC: Open-endedness via Models of human Notions of Interestingness with Environments Programmed in Code

arXiv 2405.15568 ↗First posted 24 May 2024cs.AIcited by 67

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Cited by 24 in LLM agents and tool use, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.

Abstract (arXiv)

Open-ended and AI-generating algorithms aim to continuously generate and solve increasingly complex tasks indefinitely, offering a promising path toward more general intelligence. To accomplish this grand vision, learning must occur within a vast array of potential tasks. Existing approaches to automatically generating environments are constrained within manually predefined, often narrow distributions of environment, limiting their ability to create any learning environment. To address this limitation, we introduce a novel framework, OMNI-EPIC, that augments previous work in Open-endedness via Models of human Notions of Interestingness (OMNI) with Environments Programmed in Code (EPIC). OMNI-EPIC leverages foundation models to autonomously generate code specifying the next learnable (i.e., not too easy or difficult for the agent's current skill set) and interesting (e.g., worthwhile and novel) tasks. OMNI-EPIC generates both environments (e.g., an obstacle course) and reward functions (e.g., progress through the obstacle course quickly without touching red objects), enabling it, in principle, to create any simulatable learning task. We showcase the explosive creativity of OMNI-EPIC, which continuously innovates to suggest new, interesting learning challenges. We also highlight how OMNI-EPIC can adapt to reinforcement learning agents' learning progress, generating tasks that are of suitable difficulty. Overall, OMNI-EPIC can endlessly create learnable and interesting environments, further propelling the development of self-improving AI systems and AI-Generating Algorithms. Project website with videos: https://dub.sh/omniepic

Key facts. Cited by 67 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 24 May 2024.

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 9; 2025: 29; 2026: 29.

67 papers.

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  1. 2024Automated Design of Agentic Systemscited by 360
  2. 2024RE-Bench: Evaluating frontier AI R&D capabilities of language model agents against human expertscited by 153
  3. 2026Towards End-to-End Automation of AI Researchcited by 150
  4. 2024Open-Endedness is Essential for Artificial Superhuman Intelligencecited by 79
  5. 2025AI Research Agents for Machine Learning: Search, Exploration, and Generalization in MLE-benchcited by 65
  6. 2025A Self-Improving Coding Agentcited by 58
  7. 2025Self-Challenging Language Model Agentscited by 56
  8. 2024Proposer-Agent-Evaluator(PAE): Autonomous Skill Discovery For Foundation Model Internet Agentscited by 50
  9. 2026Group-Evolving Agents: Open-Ended Self-Improvement via Experience Sharingcited by 32
  10. 2025SIMA 2: A Generalist Embodied Agent for Virtual Worldscited by 26
  11. 2024Automating the Search for Artificial Life with Foundation Modelscited by 20
  12. 2025Questioning Representational Optimism in Deep Learning: The Fractured Entangled Representation Hypothesiscited by 19
38 more
  1. 2025Truly Self-Improving Agents Require Intrinsic Metacognitive Learningcited by 13
  2. 2025PhysGym: Benchmarking LLMs in Interactive Physics Discovery with Controlled Priorscited by 13
  3. 2026SimWorld Studio: Automatic Environment Generation with Evolving Coding Agent for Embodied Agent Learningcited by 13
  4. 2025Evolution and The Knightian Blindspot of Machine Learningcited by 11
  5. 2025Automated Skill Discovery for Language Agents through Exploration and Iterative Feedbackcited by 11
  6. 2024DreamGarden: A Designer Assistant for Growing Games from a Single Promptcited by 10
  7. 2025Bootstrapping Task Spaces for Self-Improvementcited by 10
  8. 2024Automating Traffic Model Enhancement with AI Research Agentcited by 8
  9. 2025Automated Capability Discovery via Foundation Model Self-Explorationcited by 8
  10. 2025G-Sim: Generative Simulations with Large Language Models and Gradient-Free Calibrationcited by 8
  11. 2026Digital Red Queen: Adversarial Program Evolution in Core War with LLMscited by 7
  12. 2026SPADE: Self-Play in Adaptive Synthetic Executable Environmentscited by 6
  13. 2025How Should We Meta-Learn Reinforcement Learning Algorithms?cited by 5
  14. 2025Octax: Accelerated CHIP-8 Arcade Environments for Reinforcement Learning in JAXcited by 5
  15. 2026The Last AI Built by Humans: Toward Genuine Recursive Self-Improvementcited by 5
  16. 2024Craftium: Bridging Flexibility and Efficiency for Rich 3D Single- and Multi-Agent Environmentscited by 4
  17. 2026FrontierSmith: Synthesizing Open-Ended Coding Problems at Scalecited by 3
  18. 2026ScienceFlow: A long-horizon agent for ML research, scientific discovery and beyondcited by 3
  19. 2024Syllabus: Portable Curricula for Reinforcement Learning Agentscited by 2
  20. 2025Offline RLAIF: Piloting VLM Feedback for RL via SFOcited by 2
  21. 2025LAPP: Large Language Model Feedback for Preference-Driven Reinforcement Learningcited by 2
  22. 2025Exploring Flow-Lenia Universes with a Curiosity-driven AI Scientist: Discovering Diverse Ecosystem Dynamicscited by 2
  23. 2025To Trade or Not to Trade: An Agentic Approach to Estimating Market Risk Improves Trading Decisionscited by 2
  24. 2025Beyond Fixed Tasks: Unsupervised Environment Design for Task-Level Pairscited by 2
  25. 2026Interestingness as an Inductive Heuristic for Future Compression Progresscited by 2
  26. 2026Heuresis: Search Strategies for Autonomous AI Research Agents Across Quality, Diversity and Noveltycited by 2
  27. 2026Scaling Large Reasoning Models beyond Human Supervision: A Path toward Superintelligencecited by 2
  28. 2025Self-correcting Reward Shaping via Language Models for Reinforcement Learning Agents in Gamescited by 1
  29. 2025Shall We Play a Game? Language Models for Open-ended Wargamescited by 1
  30. 2025Guiding Evolution of Artificial Life Using Vision-Language Modelscited by 1
  31. 2025On Discovering Algorithms for Adversarial Imitation Learningcited by 1
  32. 2025Robust Agents in Open-Ended Worldscited by 1
  33. 2026COvolve: Adversarial Co-Evolution of Large-Language-Model-Generated Policies and Environments via Two-Player Zero-Sum Gamecited by 1
  34. 2026Co-Evolution in Agentic Systems: Toward Self-Directed Evolution Beyond Human Designcited by 1
  35. 2026DeliveryGym: An RL Environment for Long-Horizon Embodied Agent Planning with Adaptive Curriculumcited by 1
  36. 2025Towards a Formal Theory of the Need for Competence via Computational Intrinsic Motivationcited by 0
  37. 2025VoyagerVision: Investigating the Role of Multi-modal Information for Open-ended Learning Systemscited by 0
  38. 2025HERAKLES: Hierarchical Skill Compilation for Open-ended LLM Agentscited by 0

50 most cited of 67 All 67 (JSON)