mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

AnyText: Multilingual Visual Text Generation And Editing

arXiv 2311.03054 ↗First posted 6 Nov 2023cs.CVcited by 165

On the map: Diffusion models → Image generation, text-to-image and editing

Abstract (arXiv)

Diffusion model based Text-to-Image has achieved impressive achievements recently. Although current technology for synthesizing images is highly advanced and capable of generating images with high fidelity, it is still possible to give the show away when focusing on the text area in the generated image. To address this issue, we introduce AnyText, a diffusion-based multilingual visual text generation and editing model, that focuses on rendering accurate and coherent text in the image. AnyText comprises a diffusion pipeline with two primary elements: an auxiliary latent module and a text embedding module. The former uses inputs like text glyph, position, and masked image to generate latent features for text generation or editing. The latter employs an OCR model for encoding stroke data as embeddings, which blend with image caption embeddings from the tokenizer to generate texts that seamlessly integrate with the background. We employed text-control diffusion loss and text perceptual loss for training to further enhance writing accuracy. AnyText can write characters in multiple languages, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to address multilingual visual text generation. It is worth mentioning that AnyText can be plugged into existing diffusion models from the community for rendering or editing text accurately. After conducting extensive evaluation experiments, our method has outperformed all other approaches by a significant margin. Additionally, we contribute the first large-scale multilingual text images dataset, AnyWord-3M, containing 3 million image-text pairs with OCR annotations in multiple languages. Based on AnyWord-3M dataset, we propose AnyText-benchmark for the evaluation of visual text generation accuracy and quality. Our project will be open-sourced on https://github.com/tyxsspa/AnyText to improve and promote the development of text generation technology.

Key facts. Cited by 165 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Image generation, text-to-image and editing, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 30 of its 40 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Nov 2023.

Builds on

30 of 40 references.

Closest ancestors · 9

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023GlyphControl: Glyph Conditional Control for Visual Text Generation29 May
  2. 2023TextDiffuser: Diffusion Models as Text Painters18 May
  3. 2023DiffUTE: Universal Text Editing Diffusion Model18 May
  4. 2023Unified Multi-Modal Latent Diffusion for Joint Subject and Text Conditional Image Generation16 Mar
  5. 2023T2I-Adapter: Learning Adapters to Dig out More Controllable Ability for Text-to-Image Diffusion Models16 Feb
  6. 2022InstructPix2Pix: Learning to Follow Image Editing Instructions17 Nov
  7. 2022eDiff-I: Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with an Ensemble of Expert Denoisers2 Nov
  8. 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understanding23 May
  9. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latents13 Apr

Other references · 21

  1. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
  2. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
  3. 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 8,964
  4. 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesiscited by 8,185
  5. 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,069
  6. 2021Zero-Shot Text-to-Image Generationcited by 4,276
  7. 2022LAION-5B: An open large-scale dataset for training next generation image-text modelscited by 4,131
  8. 2021Improved Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 3,736
  9. 2022An Image is Worth One Word: Personalizing Text-to-Image Generation using Textual Inversioncited by 2,231
  10. 2021SDEdit: Guided Image Synthesis and Editing with Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 1,903
  11. 2021LAION-400M: Open Dataset of CLIP-Filtered 400 Million Image-Text Pairscited by 1,544
  12. 2023Muse: Text-To-Image Generation via Masked Generative Transformerscited by 640
9 more
  1. 2023ELITE: Encoding Visual Concepts into Textual Embeddings for Customized Text-to-Image Generationcited by 414
  2. 2023InstantBooth: Personalized Text-to-Image Generation without Test-Time Finetuningcited by 343
  3. 2023Composer: Creative and Controllable Image Synthesis with Composable Conditionscited by 303
  4. 2019ICDAR2019 Robust Reading Challenge on Arbitrary-Shaped Text (RRC-ArT)cited by 147
  5. 2022PP-OCRv3: More Attempts for the Improvement of Ultra Lightweight OCR Systemcited by 105
  6. 2017ICDAR2017 Competition on Reading Chinese Text in the Wild (RCTW-17)cited by 103
  7. 2022Character-Aware Models Improve Visual Text Renderingcited by 90
  8. 2022OCR-VQGAN: Taming Text-within-Image Generationcited by 31
  9. 2023DreamIdentity: Improved Editability for Efficient Face-identity Preserved Image Generationcited by 26

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 45; 2025: 57; 2026: 62.

165 papers.

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By area:

  1. 2025Qwen-Image Technical Reportcited by 973
  2. 2024Open-Sora Plan: Open-Source Large Video Generation Modelcited by 286
  3. 2025VITA-1.5: Towards GPT-4o Level Real-Time Vision and Speech Interactioncited by 191
  4. 2024VITA: Towards Open-Source Interactive Omni Multimodal LLMcited by 172
  5. 2025Baichuan-Omni-1.5 Technical Reportcited by 107
  6. 2025ShareGPT-4o-Image: Aligning Multimodal Models with GPT-4o-Level Image Generationcited by 94
  7. 2024Controllable Generation with Text-to-Image Diffusion Models: A Surveycited by 82
  8. 2025Unified Multimodal Understanding and Generation Models: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunitiescited by 81
  9. 2025Seedream 2.0: A Native Chinese-English Bilingual Image Generation Foundation Modelcited by 59
  10. 2024ACE: All-round Creator and Editor Following Instructions via Diffusion Transformercited by 56
  11. 2024Harmonizing Visual Text Comprehension and Generationcited by 54
  12. 2024AnyText2: Visual Text Generation and Editing With Customizable Attributescited by 48
38 more
  1. 2024Glyph-ByT5-v2: A Strong Aesthetic Baseline for Accurate Multilingual Visual Text Renderingcited by 47
  2. 2024Revisiting Text-to-Image Evaluation with Gecko: On Metrics, Prompts, and Human Ratingscited by 44
  3. 2024TextCtrl: Diffusion-based Scene Text Editing with Prior Guidance Controlcited by 44
  4. 2025FLUX-Text: A Simple and Advanced Diffusion Transformer Baseline for Scene Text Editingcited by 44
  5. 2025PosterMaker: Towards High-Quality Product Poster Generation with Accurate Text Renderingcited by 41
  6. 2024FonTS: Text Rendering with Typography and Style Controlscited by 40
  7. 2024Efficient Diffusion Models: A Comprehensive Survey from Principles to Practicescited by 39
  8. 2025DesignDiffusion: High-Quality Text-to-Design Image Generation with Diffusion Modelscited by 37
  9. 2025FLUX-Reason-6M & PRISM-Bench: A Million-Scale Text-to-Image Reasoning Dataset and Comprehensive Benchmarkcited by 37
  10. 2025POSTA: A Go-to Framework for Customized Artistic Poster Generationcited by 36
  11. 2024PosterLlama: Bridging Design Ability of Langauge Model to Contents-Aware Layout Generationcited by 34
  12. 2025Mavors: Multi-granularity Video Representation for Multimodal Large Language Modelcited by 31
  13. 2026HiDream-O1-Image: A Natively Unified Image Generative Foundation Model with Pixel-level Unified Transformercited by 29
  14. 2024GlyphDraw2: Automatic Generation of Complex Glyph Posters with Diffusion Models and Large Language Modelscited by 28
  15. 2025TextAtlas5M: A Large-scale Dataset for Dense Text Image Generationcited by 25
  16. 2025EasyText: Controllable Diffusion Transformer for Multilingual Text Renderingcited by 25
  17. 2024Visual Text Generation in the Wildcited by 22
  18. 2025Investigating Text Insulation and Attention Mechanisms for Complex Visual Text Generationcited by 22
  19. 2024Revisiting Tampered Scene Text Detection in the Era of Generative AIcited by 21
  20. 2024Choose What You Need: Disentangled Representation Learning for Scene Text Recognition, Removal and Editingcited by 18
  21. 2025BizGen: Advancing Article-level Visual Text Rendering for Infographics Generationcited by 18
  22. 2025Visual Text Processing: A Comprehensive Review and Unified Evaluationcited by 18
  23. 2024DreamText: High Fidelity Scene Text Synthesiscited by 17
  24. 2024First Creating Backgrounds Then Rendering Texts: A New Paradigm for Visual Text Blendingcited by 16
  25. 2025WordCon: Word-level Typography Control in Scene Text Renderingcited by 16
  26. 2023Planning and Rendering: Towards Product Poster Generation with Diffusion Modelscited by 15
  27. 2025LeX-Art: Rethinking Text Generation via Scalable High-Quality Data Synthesiscited by 15
  28. 2024SELMA: Learning and Merging Skill-Specific Text-to-Image Experts with Auto-Generated Datacited by 14
  29. 2024CharGen: High Accurate Character-Level Visual Text Generation Model with MultiModal Encodercited by 14
  30. 2026TextPecker: Rewarding Structural Anomaly Quantification for Enhancing Visual Text Renderingcited by 14
  31. 2024Refining Text-to-Image Generation: Towards Accurate Training-Free Glyph-Enhanced Image Generationcited by 13
  32. 2024Evaluating Numerical Reasoning in Text-to-Image Modelscited by 12
  33. 2024JoyType: A Robust Design for Multilingual Visual Text Creationcited by 12
  34. 2025TextFlux: An OCR-Free DiT Model for High-Fidelity Multilingual Scene Text Synthesiscited by 12
  35. 2024AMO Sampler: Enhancing Text Rendering with Overshootingcited by 11
  36. 2025BannerAgency: Advertising Banner Design with Multimodal LLM Agentscited by 11
  37. 2025M4V: Multimodal Mamba for Efficient Text-to-Video Generationcited by 11
  38. 2024ODM: A Text-Image Further Alignment Pre-training Approach for Scene Text Detection and Spottingcited by 10

50 most cited of 165 All 165 (JSON)

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  1. 2024AnyTrans: Translate AnyText in the Image with Large Scale Models
  2. 2023UDiffText: A Unified Framework for High-quality Text Synthesis in Arbitrary Images via Character-aware Diffusion Models
  3. 2024Layout Agnostic Scene Text Image Synthesis with Diffusion Models
  4. 2025ControlText: Unlocking Controllable Fonts in Multilingual Text Rendering without Font Annotations
  5. 2023Brush Your Text: Synthesize Any Scene Text on Images via Diffusion Model
  6. 2025TextSR: Diffusion Super-Resolution with Multilingual OCR Guidance
  7. 2024CustomText: Customized Textual Image Generation using Diffusion Models
  8. 2024TextMastero: Mastering High-Quality Scene Text Editing in Diverse Languages and Styles