Robust Object Modeling for Visual Tracking
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Abstract (arXiv)
Object modeling has become a core part of recent tracking frameworks. Current popular tackers use Transformer attention to extract the template feature separately or interactively with the search region. However, separate template learning lacks communication between the template and search regions, which brings difficulty in extracting discriminative target-oriented features. On the other hand, interactive template learning produces hybrid template features, which may introduce potential distractors to the template via the cluttered search regions. To enjoy the merits of both methods, we propose a robust object modeling framework for visual tracking (ROMTrack), which simultaneously models the inherent template and the hybrid template features. As a result, harmful distractors can be suppressed by combining the inherent features of target objects with search regions' guidance. Target-related features can also be extracted using the hybrid template, thus resulting in a more robust object modeling framework. To further enhance robustness, we present novel variation tokens to depict the ever-changing appearance of target objects. Variation tokens are adaptable to object deformation and appearance variations, which can boost overall performance with negligible computation. Experiments show that our ROMTrack sets a new state-of-the-art on multiple benchmarks.
Key facts. Cited by 80 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 50 of its 64 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Aug 2023.
Builds on
50 of 64 references.
References · 50
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
- 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,498
- 2021Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windowscited by 12,082
- 2021Masked Autoencoders Are Scalable Vision Learnerscited by 7,339
- 2021Pyramid Vision Transformer: A Versatile Backbone for Dense Prediction without Convolutionscited by 1,960
- 2019Objects as Pointscited by 1,172
- 2021CvT: Introducing Convolutions to Vision Transformerscited by 946
- 2018CornerNet: Detecting Objects as Paired Keypointscited by 763
- 2016Fully-Convolutional Siamese Networks for Object Trackingcited by 566
- 2018GOT-10k: A Large High-Diversity Benchmark for Generic Object Tracking in the Wildcited by 471
- 2018SiamRPN++: Evolution of Siamese Visual Tracking with Very Deep Networkscited by 445
38 more
- 2018LaSOT: A High-quality Benchmark for Large-scale Single Object Trackingcited by 424
- 2021Transformer Trackingcited by 412
- 2021Learning Spatio-Temporal Transformer for Visual Trackingcited by 348
- 2019Learning Discriminative Model Prediction for Trackingcited by 344
- 2018TrackingNet: A Large-Scale Dataset and Benchmark for Object Tracking in the Wildcited by 342
- 2022Joint Feature Learning and Relation Modeling for Tracking: A One-Stream Frameworkcited by 328
- 2018ATOM: Accurate Tracking by Overlap Maximizationcited by 285
- 2022MixFormer: End-to-End Tracking with Iterative Mixed Attentioncited by 278
- 2020Probabilistic Regression for Visual Trackingcited by 231
- 2021Transformer Meets Tracker: Exploiting Temporal Context for Robust Visual Trackingcited by 220
- 2020Ocean: Object-aware Anchor-free Trackingcited by 212
- 2015Learning Multi-Domain Convolutional Neural Networks for Visual Trackingcited by 209
- 2020Siamese Box Adaptive Network for Visual Trackingcited by 189
- 2018Distractor-aware Siamese Networks for Visual Object Trackingcited by 187
- 2019SiamFC++: Towards Robust and Accurate Visual Tracking with Target Estimation Guidelinescited by 177
- 2019Siam R-CNN: Visual Tracking by Re-Detectioncited by 174
- 2017Need for Speed: A Benchmark for Higher Frame Rate Object Trackingcited by 137
- 2022AiATrack: Attention in Attention for Transformer Visual Trackingcited by 137
- 2021Learning Target Candidate Association to Keep Track of What Not to Trackcited by 131
- 2020LaSOT: A High-quality Large-scale Single Object Tracking Benchmarkcited by 130
- 2021SwinTrack: A Simple and Strong Baseline for Transformer Trackingcited by 126
- 2022Backbone is All Your Need: A Simplified Architecture for Visual Object Trackingcited by 119
- 2022Transforming Model Prediction for Trackingcited by 117
- 2020Deformable Siamese Attention Networks for Visual Object Trackingcited by 97
- 2022Towards Grand Unification of Object Trackingcited by 93
- 2021STMTrack: Template-free Visual Tracking with Space-time Memory Networkscited by 91
- 2020High-Performance Long-Term Tracking with Meta-Updatercited by 79
- 2019Learning the Model Update for Siamese Trackerscited by 75
- 2017Learning Background-Aware Correlation Filters for Visual Trackingcited by 65
- 2018VITAL: VIsual Tracking via Adversarial Learningcited by 65
- 2018Siamese Cascaded Region Proposal Networks for Real-Time Visual Trackingcited by 65
- 2021Do Different Tracking Tasks Require Different Appearance Models?cited by 62
- 2022Correlation-Aware Deep Trackingcited by 62
- 2015Staple: Complementary Learners for Real-Time Trackingcited by 60
- 2018Unveiling the Power of Deep Trackingcited by 41
- 2022Robust Visual Tracking by Segmentationcited by 38
- 2020Fully Convolutional Online Trackingcited by 15
- 2021Target Transformed Regression for Accurate Trackingcited by 7
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 27; 2025: 29; 2026: 22.
80 papers.
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- 2024SAMURAI: Adapting Segment Anything Model for Zero-Shot Visual Tracking with Motion-Aware Memorycited by 91
- 2024SAM2Long: Enhancing SAM 2 for Long Video Segmentation with a Training-Free Memory Treecited by 77
- 2024Autoregressive Queries for Adaptive Tracking with Spatio-TemporalTransformerscited by 76
- 2023HIPTrack: Visual Tracking with Historical Promptscited by 71
- 2024Tracking Meets LoRA: Faster Training, Larger Model, Stronger Performancecited by 70
- 2024A Distractor-Aware Memory for Visual Object Tracking with SAM2cited by 63
- 2024Exploring Enhanced Contextual Information for Video-Level Object Trackingcited by 36
- 2024VastTrack: Vast Category Visual Object Trackingcited by 25
- 2025SPMTrack: Spatio-Temporal Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning with Mixture of Experts for Scalable Visual Trackingcited by 23
- 2025Learning Occlusion-Robust Vision Transformers for Real-Time UAV Trackingcited by 22
- 2024CRSOT: Cross-Resolution Object Tracking using Unaligned Frame and Event Camerascited by 17
- 2024Robust Tracking via Mamba-based Context-aware Token Learningcited by 15
38 more
- 2025What You Have is What You Track: Adaptive and Robust Multimodal Trackingcited by 15
- 2025UncTrack: Reliable Visual Object Tracking with Uncertainty-Aware Prototype Memory Networkcited by 11
- 2025ATCTrack: Aligning Target-Context Cues with Dynamic Target States for Robust Vision-Language Trackingcited by 10
- 2024Correlation-Embedded Transformer Tracking: A Single-Branch Frameworkcited by 9
- 2024Improving Visual Object Tracking through Visual Promptingcited by 9
- 2025ReasoningTrack: Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Long-term Vision-Language Trackingcited by 9
- 2023Cross-Modal Object Tracking via Modality-Aware Fusion Network and A Large-Scale Datasetcited by 8
- 2024Long-Term Visual Object Tracking with Event Cameras: An Associative Memory Augmented Tracker and A Benchmark Datasetcited by 8
- 2025DeTrack: In-model Latent Denoising Learning for Visual Object Trackingcited by 5
- 2025MITracker: Multi-View Integration for Visual Object Trackingcited by 5
- 2025FocusTrack: A Self-Adaptive Local Sampling Algorithm for Efficient Anti-UAV Trackingcited by 5
- 2025CST Anti-UAV: A Thermal Infrared Benchmark for Tiny UAV Tracking in Complex Scenescited by 5
- 2024Tracking Transforming Objects: A Benchmarkcited by 4
- 2025SAMITE: Position Prompted SAM2 with Calibrated Memory for Visual Object Trackingcited by 4
- 2024LoReTrack: Efficient and Accurate Low-Resolution Transformer Trackingcited by 3
- 2024Reproducibility Study on Adversarial Attacks Against Robust Transformer Trackerscited by 3
- 2024Tracking objects that change in appearance with phase synchronycited by 3
- 2025Towards Low-Latency Event Stream-based Visual Object Tracking: A Slow-Fast Approachcited by 3
- 2025Efficient Motion Prompt Learning for Robust Visual Trackingcited by 3
- 2025Explicit Context Reasoning with Supervision for Visual Trackingcited by 3
- 2025VPTracker: Global Vision-Language Tracking via Visual Promptcited by 3
- 2024Training-Free Robust Interactive Video Object Segmentationcited by 2
- 2024Low-Light Object Tracking: A Benchmarkcited by 2
- 2024Camouflaged Object Tracking: A Benchmarkcited by 2
- 2025Mamba-FETrack V2: Revisiting State Space Model for Frame-Event based Visual Object Trackingcited by 2
- 2025ATSTrack: Enhancing Visual-Language Tracking by Aligning Temporal and Spatial Scalescited by 2
- 2025UMDATrack: Unified Multi-Domain Adaptive Tracking Under Adverse Weather Conditionscited by 2
- 2026FARTrack: Fast Autoregressive Visual Tracking with High Performancecited by 2
- 2026Segment Anything with Motion, Geometry, and Semantic Adaptation for Complex Nonlinear Visual Object Trackingcited by 2
- 2024Middle Fusion and Multi-Stage, Multi-Form Prompts for Robust RGB-T Trackingcited by 1
- 2024Tracking Reflected Objects: A Benchmarkcited by 1
- 2024Adversarial Bounding Boxes Generation (ABBG) Attack against Visual Object Trackerscited by 1
- 2024Learning an Adaptive and View-Invariant Vision Transformer for Real-Time UAV Trackingcited by 1
- 2025Event Stream-based Visual Object Tracking: HDETrack V2 and A High-Definition Benchmarkcited by 1
- 2025BCE vs. CE in Deep Feature Learningcited by 1
- 2025SAM 2++: Tracking Anything at Any Granularitycited by 1
- 2025Dynamic Semantic-Aware Correlation Modeling for UAV Trackingcited by 1
- 2025PlanarTrack: A high-quality and challenging benchmark for large-scale planar object trackingcited by 1
50 most cited of 80 All 80 (JSON)
- 2026Template-Search Domain Adaptation via Multi-Stage Feature Alignment for Cross-Modal Object Tracking29 Sep 2026
- 2026Models as Tools: An Agentic Coordination Framework for Unified Multimodal Visual Tracking1 Aug 2026
- 2026Counterfactual Motion Reliability Learning for Robust UAV Tracking25 Jul 2026
- 2026Cross-Modal UAV Object Tracking: State-Aware Representation Learning and A Unified Benchmark21 Jul 2026
- 2026AE-UAV: An Air-to-Air Event-Based UAV Tracking Benchmark and a Real-Time Frequency-Domain Tracker16 Jul 2026
- 2026SFDATrack: Generalized Source-Free Domain Adaptive Tracking Under Adverse Weather Conditions1 Jul 2026
- 2026SUMO: Segment and Track Any Motion with Nonlinear State Space Models29 Jun 2026
- 2026Dynamic Parsing and Updating Natural Language Specification using VLMs for Robust Vision-Language Tracking28 Jun 2026
- 2026Active Adversarial Perturbation-driven Associative Memory Retrieval for RGB-Event Visual Object Tracking24 Jun 2026
- 2026Segment Anything with Motion, Geometry, and Semantic Adaptation for Complex Nonlinear Visual Object Tracking21 May 2026
- 2026Dynamic Pondering Sparsity-aware Mixture-of-Experts Transformer for Event Stream based Visual Object Tracking7 May 2026
- 2026Drift-Resilient Temporal Priors for Visual Tracking3 Apr 2026
38 more
- 2026Interactive Tracking: A Human-in-the-Loop Paradigm with Memory-Augmented Adaptation2 Apr 2026
- 2026STATrack: A Target-Aware Fully Spiking Neural Network for Efficient UAV Tracking29 Mar 2026
- 2026GOT-JEPA: Generic Object Tracking with Model Adaptation and Occlusion Handling using Joint-Embedding Predictive Architecture16 Feb 2026
- 2026GOT-Edit: Geometry-Aware Generic Object Tracking via Online Model Editing9 Feb 2026
- 2026FARTrack: Fast Autoregressive Visual Tracking with High Performance3 Feb 2026
- 2026SMTrack: State-Aware Mamba for Efficient Temporal Modeling in Visual Tracking2 Feb 2026
- 2026GLAD: Generative Language-Assisted Visual Tracking for Low-Semantic Templates31 Jan 2026
- 2026DeTracker: Motion-decoupled Vehicle Detection and Tracking in Unstabilized Satellite Videos14 Jan 2026
- 2026Exploring Reliable Spatiotemporal Dependencies for Efficient Visual Tracking14 Jan 2026
- 2026Decoupling Amplitude and Phase Attention in Frequency Domain for RGB-Event based Visual Object Tracking3 Jan 2026
- 2025VPTracker: Global Vision-Language Tracking via Visual Prompt28 Dec 2025
- 2025Infrared UAV Target Tracking with Dynamic Feature Refinement and Global Contextual Attention Knowledge Distillation4 Dec 2025
- 2025UAUTrack: Towards Unified Multimodal Anti-UAV Visual Tracking2 Dec 2025
- 2025Context-Aware Token Pruning and Discriminative Selective Attention for Transformer Tracking25 Nov 2025
- 2025SwiTrack: Tri-State Switch for Cross-Modal Object Tracking20 Nov 2025
- 2025PlanarTrack: A high-quality and challenging benchmark for large-scale planar object tracking27 Oct 2025
- 2025Dynamic Semantic-Aware Correlation Modeling for UAV Tracking24 Oct 2025
- 2025SAM 2++: Tracking Anything at Any Granularity21 Oct 2025
- 2025DPTrack:Directional Kernel-Guided Prompt Learning for Robust Nighttime Aerial Tracking17 Oct 2025
- 2025ReasoningTrack: Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Long-term Vision-Language Tracking7 Aug 2025
- 2025CST Anti-UAV: A Thermal Infrared Benchmark for Tiny UAV Tracking in Complex Scenes31 Jul 2025
- 2025SAMITE: Position Prompted SAM2 with Calibrated Memory for Visual Object Tracking29 Jul 2025
- 2025ATCTrack: Aligning Target-Context Cues with Dynamic Target States for Robust Vision-Language Tracking26 Jul 2025
- 2025Explicit Context Reasoning with Supervision for Visual Tracking22 Jul 2025
- 2025What You Have is What You Track: Adaptive and Robust Multimodal Tracking8 Jul 2025
- 2025UMDATrack: Unified Multi-Domain Adaptive Tracking Under Adverse Weather Conditions1 Jul 2025
- 2025ATSTrack: Enhancing Visual-Language Tracking by Aligning Temporal and Spatial Scales1 Jul 2025
- 2025Mamba-FETrack V2: Revisiting State Space Model for Frame-Event based Visual Object Tracking30 Jun 2025
- 2025Efficient Motion Prompt Learning for Robust Visual Tracking22 May 2025
- 2025Towards Low-Latency Event Stream-based Visual Object Tracking: A Slow-Fast Approach19 May 2025
- 2025CGTrack: Cascade Gating Network with Hierarchical Feature Aggregation for UAV Tracking9 May 2025
- 2025BCE vs. CE in Deep Feature Learning9 May 2025
- 2025FocusTrack: A Self-Adaptive Local Sampling Algorithm for Efficient Anti-UAV Tracking18 Apr 2025
- 2025Learning Occlusion-Robust Vision Transformers for Real-Time UAV Tracking12 Apr 2025
- 2025SPMTrack: Spatio-Temporal Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning with Mixture of Experts for Scalable Visual Tracking24 Mar 2025
- 2025UncTrack: Reliable Visual Object Tracking with Uncertainty-Aware Prototype Memory Network17 Mar 2025
- 2025MITracker: Multi-View Integration for Visual Object Tracking27 Feb 2025
- 2025Event Stream-based Visual Object Tracking: HDETrack V2 and A High-Definition Benchmark8 Feb 2025
50 newest of 80 All 80 (JSON)
- 2024Exploring Enhanced Contextual Information for Video-Level Object Trackingcited by 36
- 2024Robust Tracking via Mamba-based Context-aware Token Learningcited by 15
- 2025Mamba-FETrack V2: Revisiting State Space Model for Frame-Event based Visual Object Trackingcited by 2
- 2026SMTrack: State-Aware Mamba for Efficient Temporal Modeling in Visual Trackingcited by 1
- 2026SMTrack: State-Aware Mamba for Efficient Temporal Modeling in Visual Tracking2 Feb 2026
- 2025Mamba-FETrack V2: Revisiting State Space Model for Frame-Event based Visual Object Tracking30 Jun 2025
- 2024Robust Tracking via Mamba-based Context-aware Token Learning18 Dec 2024
- 2024Exploring Enhanced Contextual Information for Video-Level Object Tracking15 Dec 2024
- 2024SAMURAI: Adapting Segment Anything Model for Zero-Shot Visual Tracking with Motion-Aware Memorycited by 91
- 2024SAM2Long: Enhancing SAM 2 for Long Video Segmentation with a Training-Free Memory Treecited by 77
- 2024Autoregressive Queries for Adaptive Tracking with Spatio-TemporalTransformerscited by 76
- 2023HIPTrack: Visual Tracking with Historical Promptscited by 71
- 2024Tracking Meets LoRA: Faster Training, Larger Model, Stronger Performancecited by 70
- 2024A Distractor-Aware Memory for Visual Object Tracking with SAM2cited by 63
- 2024VastTrack: Vast Category Visual Object Trackingcited by 25
- 2025Learning Occlusion-Robust Vision Transformers for Real-Time UAV Trackingcited by 22
- 2024CRSOT: Cross-Resolution Object Tracking using Unaligned Frame and Event Camerascited by 17
- 2025What You Have is What You Track: Adaptive and Robust Multimodal Trackingcited by 15
- 2025UncTrack: Reliable Visual Object Tracking with Uncertainty-Aware Prototype Memory Networkcited by 11
- 2025ATCTrack: Aligning Target-Context Cues with Dynamic Target States for Robust Vision-Language Trackingcited by 10
12 most cited of 71 All 71 (JSON)
- 2026Template-Search Domain Adaptation via Multi-Stage Feature Alignment for Cross-Modal Object Tracking29 Sep 2026
- 2026Counterfactual Motion Reliability Learning for Robust UAV Tracking25 Jul 2026
- 2026Cross-Modal UAV Object Tracking: State-Aware Representation Learning and A Unified Benchmark21 Jul 2026
- 2026AE-UAV: An Air-to-Air Event-Based UAV Tracking Benchmark and a Real-Time Frequency-Domain Tracker16 Jul 2026
- 2026SFDATrack: Generalized Source-Free Domain Adaptive Tracking Under Adverse Weather Conditions1 Jul 2026
- 2026SUMO: Segment and Track Any Motion with Nonlinear State Space Models29 Jun 2026
- 2026Dynamic Parsing and Updating Natural Language Specification using VLMs for Robust Vision-Language Tracking28 Jun 2026
- 2026Active Adversarial Perturbation-driven Associative Memory Retrieval for RGB-Event Visual Object Tracking24 Jun 2026
- 2026Segment Anything with Motion, Geometry, and Semantic Adaptation for Complex Nonlinear Visual Object Tracking21 May 2026
- 2026Drift-Resilient Temporal Priors for Visual Tracking3 Apr 2026
- 2026Interactive Tracking: A Human-in-the-Loop Paradigm with Memory-Augmented Adaptation2 Apr 2026
- 2026STATrack: A Target-Aware Fully Spiking Neural Network for Efficient UAV Tracking29 Mar 2026
12 newest of 71 All 71 (JSON)