Robust Visual Tracking by Segmentation
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Estimating the target extent poses a fundamental challenge in visual object tracking. Typically, trackers are box-centric and fully rely on a bounding box to define the target in the scene. In practice, objects often have complex shapes and are not aligned with the image axis. In these cases, bounding boxes do not provide an accurate description of the target and often contain a majority of background pixels. We propose a segmentation-centric tracking pipeline that not only produces a highly accurate segmentation mask, but also internally works with segmentation masks instead of bounding boxes. Thus, our tracker is able to better learn a target representation that clearly differentiates the target in the scene from background content. In order to achieve the necessary robustness for the challenging tracking scenario, we propose a separate instance localization component that is used to condition the segmentation decoder when producing the output mask. We infer a bounding box from the segmentation mask, validate our tracker on challenging tracking datasets and achieve the new state of the art on LaSOT with a success AUC score of 69.7%. Since most tracking datasets do not contain mask annotations, we cannot use them to evaluate predicted segmentation masks. Instead, we validate our segmentation quality on two popular video object segmentation datasets.
Key facts. Cited by 38 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 45 of its 63 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Mar 2022.
Builds on
45 of 63 references.
References · 45
- 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
- 2017The 2017 DAVIS Challenge on Video Object Segmentationcited by 942
- 2016Fully-Convolutional Siamese Networks for Object Trackingcited by 566
- 2018GOT-10k: A Large High-Diversity Benchmark for Generic Object Tracking in the Wildcited by 471
- 2018SiamRPN++: Evolution of Siamese Visual Tracking with Very Deep Networkscited by 445
- 2019Video Object Segmentation using Space-Time Memory Networkscited by 436
- 2018LaSOT: A High-quality Benchmark for Large-scale Single Object Trackingcited by 424
- 2021Transformer Trackingcited by 412
- 2018YouTube-VOS: A Large-Scale Video Object Segmentation Benchmarkcited by 381
- 2021Learning Spatio-Temporal Transformer for Visual Trackingcited by 348
- 2019Learning Discriminative Model Prediction for Trackingcited by 344
- 2018TrackingNet: A Large-Scale Dataset and Benchmark for Object Tracking in the Wildcited by 342
33 more
- 2018ATOM: Accurate Tracking by Overlap Maximizationcited by 285
- 2018Fast Online Object Tracking and Segmentation: A Unifying Approachcited by 272
- 2016ECO: Efficient Convolution Operators for Trackingcited by 239
- 2016One-Shot Video Object Segmentationcited by 233
- 2020Probabilistic Regression for Visual Trackingcited by 231
- 2021Transformer Meets Tracker: Exploiting Temporal Context for Robust Visual Trackingcited by 220
- 2020Ocean: Object-aware Anchor-free Trackingcited by 212
- 2018Distractor-aware Siamese Networks for Visual Object Trackingcited by 187
- 2019FEELVOS: Fast End-to-End Embedding Learning for Video Object Segmentationcited by 178
- 2019Siam R-CNN: Visual Tracking by Re-Detectioncited by 174
- 2016Learning Video Object Segmentation from Static Imagescited by 151
- 2017Need for Speed: A Benchmark for Higher Frame Rate Object Trackingcited by 137
- 2021Learning Target Candidate Association to Keep Track of What Not to Trackcited by 131
- 2020Know Your Surroundings: Exploiting Scene Information for Object Trackingcited by 119
- 2017Online Adaptation of Convolutional Neural Networks for Video Object Segmentationcited by 109
- 2020Deformable Siamese Attention Networks for Visual Object Trackingcited by 97
- 2017Video Object Segmentation Without Temporal Informationcited by 93
- 2021STMTrack: Template-free Visual Tracking with Space-time Memory Networkscited by 91
- 2017End-to-end representation learning for Correlation Filter based trackingcited by 90
- 2018VideoMatch: Matching based Video Object Segmentationcited by 90
- 2020Learning What to Learn for Video Object Segmentationcited by 89
- 2020Alpha-Refine: Boosting Tracking Performance by Precise Bounding Box Estimationcited by 81
- 2020High-Performance Long-Term Tracking with Meta-Updatercited by 79
- 2018Blazingly Fast Video Object Segmentation with Pixel-Wise Metric Learningcited by 74
- 2019D3S -- A Discriminative Single Shot Segmentation Trackercited by 69
- 2016Beyond Correlation Filters: Learning Continuous Convolution Operators for Visual Trackingcited by 66
- 2020Tracking by Instance Detection: A Meta-Learning Approachcited by 61
- 2018Video Object Segmentation with Joint Re-identification and Attention-Aware Mask Propagationcited by 56
- 2016Discriminative Correlation Filter with Channel and Spatial Reliabilitycited by 45
- 2021Distractor-Aware Fast Tracking via Dynamic Convolutions and MOT Philosophycited by 11
- 2021Generating Masks from Boxes by Mining Spatio-Temporal Consistencies in Videoscited by 8
- 2018Towards a Better Match in Siamese Network Based Visual Object Trackercited by 4
- 2020CRACT: Cascaded Regression-Align-Classification for Robust Visual Trackingcited by 4
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 3; 2023: 16; 2024: 13; 2025: 2; 2026: 4.
38 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2023Generalized Relation Modeling for Transformer Trackingcited by 93
- 2023Robust Object Modeling for Visual Trackingcited by 80
- 2022Revisiting Color-Event based Tracking: A Unified Network, Dataset, and Metriccited by 51
- 2023Cross-modal Orthogonal High-rank Augmentation for RGB-Event Transformer-trackerscited by 43
- 2024VastTrack: Vast Category Visual Object Trackingcited by 25
- 2024Diff-Tracker: Text-to-Image Diffusion Models are Unsupervised Trackerscited by 24
- 2022AVisT: A Benchmark for Visual Object Tracking in Adverse Visibilitycited by 22
- 2023DropMAE: Learning Representations via Masked Autoencoders with Spatial-Attention Dropout for Temporal Matching Taskscited by 22
- 2023Unified Sequence-to-Sequence Learning for Single- and Multi-Modal Visual Object Trackingcited by 20
- 2024Reading Relevant Feature from Global Representation Memory for Visual Object Trackingcited by 12
- 2022Beyond SOT: Tracking Multiple Generic Objects at Oncecited by 11
- 2023Improving Underwater Visual Tracking With a Large Scale Dataset and Image Enhancementcited by 11
26 more
- 2024TENet: Targetness Entanglement Incorporating with Multi-Scale Pooling and Mutually-Guided Fusion for RGB-E Object Trackingcited by 9
- 2024Improving Visual Object Tracking through Visual Promptingcited by 9
- 2024360VOTS: Visual Object Tracking and Segmentation in Omnidirectional Videoscited by 8
- 2023Integrating Boxes and Masks: A Multi-Object Framework for Unified Visual Tracking and Segmentationcited by 5
- 2023Automated Conversion of Music Videos into Lyric Videoscited by 4
- 2024Tracking Transforming Objects: A Benchmarkcited by 4
- 2024SSF-Net: Spatial-Spectral Fusion Network with Spectral Angle Awareness for Hyperspectral Object Trackingcited by 3
- 2024NT-VOT211: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Night-time Visual Object Trackingcited by 3
- 2023Leveraging the Power of Data Augmentation for Transformer-based Trackingcited by 2
- 2023AViTMP: A Tracking-Specific Transformer for Single-Branch Visual Trackingcited by 2
- 2024TrackPGD: Efficient Adversarial Attack using Object Binary Masks against Robust Transformer Trackerscited by 2
- 2023ZJU ReLER Submission for EPIC-KITCHEN Challenge 2023: TREK-150 Single Object Trackingcited by 1
- 2023Transparent Object Tracking with Enhanced Fusion Modulecited by 1
- 2023Motion Informed Needle Segmentation in Ultrasound Imagescited by 1
- 2026PanoSAM2: Lightweight Distortion- and Memory-aware Adaptions of SAM2 for 360 Video Object Segmentationcited by 1
- 2026Leveraging Text-to-Image Diffusion Models for Unsupervised Visual Object Trackingcited by 1
- 2023Learning Spatial Distribution of Long-Term Trackers Scorescited by 0
- 2023Robust Visual Tracking by Motion Analyzingcited by 0
- 2023Semantic and Articulated Pedestrian Sensing Onboard a Moving Vehiclecited by 0
- 2024Beyond Traditional Single Object Tracking: A Surveycited by 0
- 2024Predicting the Best of N Visual Trackerscited by 0
- 2024Depth Attention for Robust RGB Trackingcited by 0
- 2025SOTFormer: A Minimal Transformer for Unified Object Tracking and Trajectory Predictioncited by 0
- 2025SatSAM2: Motion-Constrained Video Object Tracking in Satellite Imagery using Promptable SAM2 and Kalman Priorscited by 0
- 2026SkyEV: RGB-Event UAV detection and tracking dataset and baselinecited by 0
- 2026Cross-Modal UAV Object Tracking: State-Aware Representation Learning and A Unified Benchmarkcited by 0
- 2026Cross-Modal UAV Object Tracking: State-Aware Representation Learning and A Unified Benchmark21 Jul 2026
- 2026SkyEV: RGB-Event UAV detection and tracking dataset and baseline21 Jul 2026
- 2026Leveraging Text-to-Image Diffusion Models for Unsupervised Visual Object Tracking26 May 2026
- 2026PanoSAM2: Lightweight Distortion- and Memory-aware Adaptions of SAM2 for 360 Video Object Segmentation9 Apr 2026
- 2025SatSAM2: Motion-Constrained Video Object Tracking in Satellite Imagery using Promptable SAM2 and Kalman Priors23 Nov 2025
- 2025SOTFormer: A Minimal Transformer for Unified Object Tracking and Trajectory Prediction14 Nov 2025
- 2024NT-VOT211: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Night-time Visual Object Tracking27 Oct 2024
- 2024Depth Attention for Robust RGB Tracking27 Oct 2024
- 2024Improving Visual Object Tracking through Visual Prompting27 Sep 2024
- 2024Predicting the Best of N Visual Trackers22 Jul 2024
- 2024Diff-Tracker: Text-to-Image Diffusion Models are Unsupervised Trackers11 Jul 2024
- 2024TrackPGD: Efficient Adversarial Attack using Object Binary Masks against Robust Transformer Trackers4 Jul 2024
26 more
- 2024Beyond Traditional Single Object Tracking: A Survey16 May 2024
- 2024TENet: Targetness Entanglement Incorporating with Multi-Scale Pooling and Mutually-Guided Fusion for RGB-E Object Tracking8 May 2024
- 2024Tracking Transforming Objects: A Benchmark28 Apr 2024
- 2024360VOTS: Visual Object Tracking and Segmentation in Omnidirectional Videos22 Apr 2024
- 2024SSF-Net: Spatial-Spectral Fusion Network with Spectral Angle Awareness for Hyperspectral Object Tracking9 Mar 2024
- 2024VastTrack: Vast Category Visual Object Tracking6 Mar 2024
- 2024Reading Relevant Feature from Global Representation Memory for Visual Object Tracking22 Feb 2024
- 2023Motion Informed Needle Segmentation in Ultrasound Images2 Dec 2023
- 2023AViTMP: A Tracking-Specific Transformer for Single-Branch Visual Tracking30 Oct 2023
- 2023Leveraging the Power of Data Augmentation for Transformer-based Tracking15 Sep 2023
- 2023Transparent Object Tracking with Enhanced Fusion Module13 Sep 2023
- 2023Semantic and Articulated Pedestrian Sensing Onboard a Moving Vehicle12 Sep 2023
- 2023Robust Visual Tracking by Motion Analyzing6 Sep 2023
- 2023Improving Underwater Visual Tracking With a Large Scale Dataset and Image Enhancement30 Aug 2023
- 2023Automated Conversion of Music Videos into Lyric Videos28 Aug 2023
- 2023Integrating Boxes and Masks: A Multi-Object Framework for Unified Visual Tracking and Segmentation25 Aug 2023
- 2023Robust Object Modeling for Visual Tracking9 Aug 2023
- 2023Learning Spatial Distribution of Long-Term Trackers Scores2 Aug 2023
- 2023Cross-modal Orthogonal High-rank Augmentation for RGB-Event Transformer-trackers9 Jul 2023
- 2023ZJU ReLER Submission for EPIC-KITCHEN Challenge 2023: TREK-150 Single Object Tracking5 Jul 2023
- 2023Unified Sequence-to-Sequence Learning for Single- and Multi-Modal Visual Object Tracking27 Apr 2023
- 2023DropMAE: Learning Representations via Masked Autoencoders with Spatial-Attention Dropout for Temporal Matching Tasks2 Apr 2023
- 2023Generalized Relation Modeling for Transformer Tracking29 Mar 2023
- 2022Beyond SOT: Tracking Multiple Generic Objects at Once22 Dec 2022
- 2022Revisiting Color-Event based Tracking: A Unified Network, Dataset, and Metric20 Nov 2022
- 2022AVisT: A Benchmark for Visual Object Tracking in Adverse Visibility14 Aug 2022
- 2023Generalized Relation Modeling for Transformer Trackingcited by 93
- 2023Robust Object Modeling for Visual Trackingcited by 80
- 2022Revisiting Color-Event based Tracking: A Unified Network, Dataset, and Metriccited by 51
- 2023Cross-modal Orthogonal High-rank Augmentation for RGB-Event Transformer-trackerscited by 43
- 2024VastTrack: Vast Category Visual Object Trackingcited by 25
- 2022AVisT: A Benchmark for Visual Object Tracking in Adverse Visibilitycited by 22
- 2023DropMAE: Learning Representations via Masked Autoencoders with Spatial-Attention Dropout for Temporal Matching Taskscited by 22
- 2023Unified Sequence-to-Sequence Learning for Single- and Multi-Modal Visual Object Trackingcited by 20
- 2024Reading Relevant Feature from Global Representation Memory for Visual Object Trackingcited by 12
- 2022Beyond SOT: Tracking Multiple Generic Objects at Oncecited by 11
- 2023Improving Underwater Visual Tracking With a Large Scale Dataset and Image Enhancementcited by 11
- 2024TENet: Targetness Entanglement Incorporating with Multi-Scale Pooling and Mutually-Guided Fusion for RGB-E Object Trackingcited by 9
12 most cited of 36 All 36 (JSON)
- 2026Cross-Modal UAV Object Tracking: State-Aware Representation Learning and A Unified Benchmark21 Jul 2026
- 2026SkyEV: RGB-Event UAV detection and tracking dataset and baseline21 Jul 2026
- 2026PanoSAM2: Lightweight Distortion- and Memory-aware Adaptions of SAM2 for 360 Video Object Segmentation9 Apr 2026
- 2025SatSAM2: Motion-Constrained Video Object Tracking in Satellite Imagery using Promptable SAM2 and Kalman Priors23 Nov 2025
- 2025SOTFormer: A Minimal Transformer for Unified Object Tracking and Trajectory Prediction14 Nov 2025
- 2024NT-VOT211: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Night-time Visual Object Tracking27 Oct 2024
- 2024Depth Attention for Robust RGB Tracking27 Oct 2024
- 2024Improving Visual Object Tracking through Visual Prompting27 Sep 2024
- 2024Predicting the Best of N Visual Trackers22 Jul 2024
- 2024TrackPGD: Efficient Adversarial Attack using Object Binary Masks against Robust Transformer Trackers4 Jul 2024
- 2024Beyond Traditional Single Object Tracking: A Survey16 May 2024
- 2024TENet: Targetness Entanglement Incorporating with Multi-Scale Pooling and Mutually-Guided Fusion for RGB-E Object Tracking8 May 2024
12 newest of 36 All 36 (JSON)