A Distractor-Aware Memory for Visual Object Tracking with SAM2
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Abstract (arXiv)
Memory-based trackers are video object segmentation methods that form the target model by concatenating recently tracked frames into a memory buffer and localize the target by attending the current image to the buffered frames. While already achieving top performance on many benchmarks, it was the recent release of SAM2 that placed memory-based trackers into focus of the visual object tracking community. Nevertheless, modern trackers still struggle in the presence of distractors. We argue that a more sophisticated memory model is required, and propose a new distractor-aware memory model for SAM2 and an introspection-based update strategy that jointly addresses the segmentation accuracy as well as tracking robustness. The resulting tracker is denoted as SAM2.1++. We also propose a new distractor-distilled DiDi dataset to study the distractor problem better. SAM2.1++ outperforms SAM2.1 and related SAM memory extensions on seven benchmarks and sets a solid new state-of-the-art on six of them.
Key facts. Cited by 66 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 40 of its 52 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Nov 2024.
Builds on
40 of 52 references.
References · 40
- 2023Segment Anythingcited by 8,234
- 2023DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervisioncited by 7,974
- 2024SAM 2: Segment Anything in Images and Videoscited by 2,863
- 2017The 2017 DAVIS Challenge on Video Object Segmentationcited by 957
- 2016Fully-Convolutional Siamese Networks for Object Trackingcited by 568
- 2018GOT-10k: A Large High-Diversity Benchmark for Generic Object Tracking in the Wildcited by 475
- 2022XMem: Long-Term Video Object Segmentation with an Atkinson-Shiffrin Memory Modelcited by 439
- 2018LaSOT: A High-quality Benchmark for Large-scale Single Object Trackingcited by 429
- 2021Transformer Trackingcited by 412
- 2018YouTube-VOS: A Large-Scale Video Object Segmentation Benchmarkcited by 383
- 2021Learning Spatio-Temporal Transformer for Visual Trackingcited by 350
- 2019Learning Discriminative Model Prediction for Trackingcited by 344
28 more
- 2022Joint Feature Learning and Relation Modeling for Tracking: A One-Stream Frameworkcited by 330
- 2023Hiera: A Hierarchical Vision Transformer without the Bells-and-Whistlescited by 290
- 2022MixFormer: End-to-End Tracking with Iterative Mixed Attentioncited by 281
- 2023MOSE: A New Dataset for Video Object Segmentation in Complex Scenescited by 234
- 2021Associating Objects with Transformers for Video Object Segmentationcited by 226
- 2020Ocean: Object-aware Anchor-free Trackingcited by 212
- 2023Putting the Object Back into Video Object Segmentationcited by 188
- 2022Decoupling Features in Hierarchical Propagation for Video Object Segmentationcited by 148
- 2017Need for Speed: A Benchmark for Higher Frame Rate Object Trackingcited by 137
- 2020LaSOT: A High-quality Large-scale Single Object Tracking Benchmarkcited by 132
- 2021Learning Target Candidate Association to Keep Track of What Not to Trackcited by 131
- 2024ODTrack: Online Dense Temporal Token Learning for Visual Trackingcited by 129
- 2022Transforming Model Prediction for Trackingcited by 117
- 2015A Novel Performance Evaluation Methodology for Single-Target Trackerscited by 113
- 2024SAMURAI: Adapting Segment Anything Model for Zero-Shot Visual Tracking with Motion-Aware Memorycited by 94
- 2023Generalized Relation Modeling for Transformer Trackingcited by 93
- 2020Learning What to Learn for Video Object Segmentationcited by 89
- 2020Alpha-Refine: Boosting Tracking Performance by Precise Bounding Box Estimationcited by 81
- 2023Robust Object Modeling for Visual Trackingcited by 80
- 2024SAM2Long: Enhancing SAM 2 for Long Video Segmentation with a Training-Free Memory Treecited by 80
- 2024Autoregressive Queries for Adaptive Tracking with Spatio-TemporalTransformerscited by 76
- 2024Tracking Meets LoRA: Faster Training, Larger Model, Stronger Performancecited by 70
- 2024LVOS: A Benchmark for Large-scale Long-term Video Object Segmentationcited by 44
- 2023DiffusionTrack: Diffusion Model For Multi-Object Trackingcited by 40
- 2020RPT: Learning Point Set Representation for Siamese Visual Trackingcited by 26
- 2024Learning Spatial-Semantic Features for Robust Video Object Segmentationcited by 7
- 2021A Discriminative Single-Shot Segmentation Network for Visual Object Trackingcited by 4
- 2024A New Dataset and a Distractor-Aware Architecture for Transparent Object Trackingcited by 4
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 28; 2026: 38.
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- 2025MOSEv2: A More Challenging Dataset for Video Object Segmentation in Complex Scenescited by 62
- 2026Refer-Agent: A Collaborative Multi-Agent System with Reasoning and Reflection for Referring Video Object Segmentationcited by 9
- 2025Memory-Augmented SAM2 for Training-Free Surgical Video Segmentationcited by 8
- 2025HiM2SAM: Enhancing SAM2 with Hierarchical Motion Estimation and Memory Optimization towards Long-term Trackingcited by 6
- 2025ExtrinSplat: Decoupling Geometry and Semantics for Open-Vocabulary Understanding in 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 6
- 2025SAMITE: Position Prompted SAM2 with Calibrated Memory for Visual Object Trackingcited by 5
- 2025OmniGround: A Comprehensive Spatio-Temporal Grounding Benchmark for Real-World Complex Scenarioscited by 5
- 2025LSVOS 2025 Challenge Report: Recent Advances in Complex Video Object Segmentationcited by 4
- 20263AM: 3egment Anything with Geometric Consistency in Videoscited by 4
- 2025SAM2RL: Towards Reinforcement Learning Memory Control in Segment Anything Model 2cited by 3
- 2025Tracking and Understanding Object Transformationscited by 3
- 2025Segment Anything Across Shots: A Method and Benchmarkcited by 3
38 more
- 2026RELO: Reinforcement Learning to Localize for Visual Object Trackingcited by 3
- 2025Segment Anything for Video: A Comprehensive Review of Video Object Segmentation and Tracking from Past to Futurecited by 2
- 2025Distractor-Aware Memory-Based Visual Object Trackingcited by 2
- 2026Efficient-SAM2: Accelerating SAM2 with Object-Aware Visual Encoding and Memory Retrievalcited by 2
- 2026Segment Anything with Motion, Geometry, and Semantic Adaptation for Complex Nonlinear Visual Object Trackingcited by 2
- 2025Is Tracking really more challenging in First Person Egocentric Vision?cited by 1
- 2025SAM 2++: Tracking Anything at Any Granularitycited by 1
- 2025SurgSLOT: Segment Anything in Surgical Videos via Semantic Long-term Trackingcited by 1
- 2025Tracking and Segmenting Anything in Any Modalitycited by 1
- 2025RobotSeg: A Model and Dataset for Segmenting Robots in Image and Videocited by 1
- 2025Rethinking Memory Design in SAM-Based Visual Object Trackingcited by 1
- 2026SAM3-DMS: Decoupled Memory Selection for Multi-target Video Segmentation of SAM3cited by 1
- 2026AR2-4FV: Anchored Referring and Re-identification for Long-Term Grounding in Fixed-View Videoscited by 1
- 2026Live Interactive Training for Video Segmentationcited by 1
- 2026UniSurgSAM: A Unified Promptable Model for Reliable Surgical Video Segmentationcited by 1
- 2026SENTRY: SAM2-Enhanced Neighbor-Aware and Temporally Reasoned Memory for Visual Trackingcited by 1
- 2025STSeg-Complex Video Object Segmentation: The 1st Solution for 4th PVUW MOSE Challengecited by 0
- 2025THU-Warwick Submission for EPIC-KITCHEN Challenge 2025: Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentationcited by 0
- 2025FreeVPS: Repurposing Training-Free SAM2 for Generalizable Video Polyp Segmentationcited by 0
- 2025SAMSON: 3rd Place Solution of LSVOS 2025 VOS Challengecited by 0
- 2025The 1st Solution for MOSEv2 Challenge 2025: Long-term and Concept-aware Video Segmentation via SeCcited by 0
- 20252nd Place Report of MOSEv2 Challenge 2025: Concept Guided Video Object Segmentation via SeCcited by 0
- 2025The 1st Solution for MOSEv1 Challenge on LSVOS 2025: CGFSegcited by 0
- 2025Zero-Shot Multi-Animal Tracking in the Wildcited by 0
- 2025Benchmarking SAM2-based Trackers on FMOXcited by 0
- 2025ReMeDI: Refined Memory for Disambiguation of Identities with SAM3 in Surgical Segmentationcited by 0
- 2026MUOT_3M: A 3 Million Frame Multimodal Underwater Benchmark and the MUTrack Tracking Methodcited by 0
- 2026Segmentation-Guided Homography Estimation for Long-Term Planar Trackingcited by 0
- 2026EdgeDAM: Real-time Object Tracking for Mobile Devicescited by 0
- 2026Towards Visual Query Segmentation in the Wildcited by 0
- 2026Re-Prompting SAM 3 via Object Retrieval: 3rd of the 5th PVUW MOSE Trackcited by 0
- 2026OSA: Echocardiography Video Segmentation via Orthogonalized State Update and Anatomical Prior-aware Feature Enhancementcited by 0
- 2026Advancing Complex Video Object Segmentation via Tracking-Enhanced Prompt: The 1st Winner for 5th PVUW MOSE Challengecited by 0
- 2026Interactive Tracking: A Human-in-the-Loop Paradigm with Memory-Augmented Adaptationcited by 0
- 2026OAMVOS:2nd Report for 5th PVUW MOSE Trackcited by 0
- 2026MA-DLE: Speech-based Automatic Depression Level Estimation via Memory Augmentationcited by 0
- 2026Temporal-Emerged Prompting for Segment Anything in Multiframe Infrared Small Target Detectioncited by 0
- 2026SAM-MT: Real-Time Interactive Multi-Target Video Segmentationcited by 0
50 most cited of 66 All 66 (JSON)
- 2026When Trackers Fail: VLM-Guided Verification and Recovery for Robust Video Object Segmentation11 Oct 2026
- 2026Difference Feature Map Distillation: Transferring Inter-Sample Relational Knowledge Towards Efficient Transformer-Based Tracking5 Oct 2026
- 2026When Predicting Nothing Beats SAM 3: Revisiting Evaluation in Video Object Segmentation2 Oct 2026
- 2026UGO: Unified Architecture for General Multi-Object Tracking by Segmentation29 Sep 2026
- 2026Learning to Reason with Persistent Object States for Video Instance Segmentation28 Sep 2026
- 2026HyperDAM: Hyperspectral Distractor-Aware Memory with Amodal Expansion for SAM 3 Tracking28 Sep 2026
- 2026Report of the 8th LSVOS Challenge: Complex and Multimodal Video Object Segmentation5 Sep 2026
- 2026ENEAS: Embedding-guided Neural Ensemble for Adaptive Segmentation3 Sep 2026
- 2026MLLM-Assisted Audio VOS: A 3rd Place Report for the MeViS-Audio Track, 8th LSVOS Challenge24 Aug 2026
- 2026Competitive Memory Readout for Robust Video Object Segmentation: 2nd Place Technical Report for the MOSEv2 Track of the 8th LSVOS Challenge22 Aug 2026
- 2026VOS-Agent: The 1st Place Solution for the 8th LSVOS Challenge (MOSEv2 Track)13 Aug 2026
- 2026StreamDAM: Presence-Aware Memory for Real-Time Streaming Video Object Segmentation4 Aug 2026
38 more
- 2026Models as Tools: An Agentic Coordination Framework for Unified Multimodal Visual Tracking1 Aug 2026
- 2026Lean-SAM2: Target-Anchored Memory and Encoder Acceleration for SAM222 Jul 2026
- 2026Efficient Tracking and Understanding Object Transformations22 Jul 2026
- 2026REMIND: RE-Identification with Memory for INDoor Navigation10 Jul 2026
- 2026SAM-MT: Real-Time Interactive Multi-Target Video Segmentation9 Jul 2026
- 2026Temporal-Emerged Prompting for Segment Anything in Multiframe Infrared Small Target Detection26 Jun 2026
- 2026SENTRY: SAM2-Enhanced Neighbor-Aware and Temporally Reasoned Memory for Visual Tracking23 Jun 2026
- 2026Segment Anything with Motion, Geometry, and Semantic Adaptation for Complex Nonlinear Visual Object Tracking21 May 2026
- 2026RELO: Reinforcement Learning to Localize for Visual Object Tracking8 May 2026
- 2026MA-DLE: Speech-based Automatic Depression Level Estimation via Memory Augmentation20 Apr 2026
- 2026OAMVOS:2nd Report for 5th PVUW MOSE Track20 Apr 2026
- 2026UniSurgSAM: A Unified Promptable Model for Reliable Surgical Video Segmentation4 Apr 2026
- 2026Interactive Tracking: A Human-in-the-Loop Paradigm with Memory-Augmented Adaptation2 Apr 2026
- 2026Advancing Complex Video Object Segmentation via Tracking-Enhanced Prompt: The 1st Winner for 5th PVUW MOSE Challenge1 Apr 2026
- 2026Live Interactive Training for Video Segmentation27 Mar 2026
- 2026OSA: Echocardiography Video Segmentation via Orthogonalized State Update and Anatomical Prior-aware Feature Enhancement27 Mar 2026
- 2026Re-Prompting SAM 3 via Object Retrieval: 3rd of the 5th PVUW MOSE Track24 Mar 2026
- 2026Towards Visual Query Segmentation in the Wild9 Mar 2026
- 2026AR2-4FV: Anchored Referring and Re-identification for Long-Term Grounding in Fixed-View Videos8 Mar 2026
- 2026EdgeDAM: Real-time Object Tracking for Mobile Devices5 Mar 2026
- 2026Segmentation-Guided Homography Estimation for Long-Term Planar Tracking23 Feb 2026
- 2026MUOT_3M: A 3 Million Frame Multimodal Underwater Benchmark and the MUTrack Tracking Method20 Feb 2026
- 2026Efficient-SAM2: Accelerating SAM2 with Object-Aware Visual Encoding and Memory Retrieval9 Feb 2026
- 2026Refer-Agent: A Collaborative Multi-Agent System with Reasoning and Reflection for Referring Video Object Segmentation3 Feb 2026
- 2026SAM3-DMS: Decoupled Memory Selection for Multi-target Video Segmentation of SAM314 Jan 2026
- 20263AM: 3egment Anything with Geometric Consistency in Videos13 Jan 2026
- 2025Rethinking Memory Design in SAM-Based Visual Object Tracking27 Dec 2025
- 2025ReMeDI: Refined Memory for Disambiguation of Identities with SAM3 in Surgical Segmentation18 Dec 2025
- 2025Benchmarking SAM2-based Trackers on FMOX10 Dec 2025
- 2025RobotSeg: A Model and Dataset for Segmenting Robots in Image and Video28 Nov 2025
- 2025Tracking and Segmenting Anything in Any Modality22 Nov 2025
- 2025OmniGround: A Comprehensive Spatio-Temporal Grounding Benchmark for Real-World Complex Scenarios21 Nov 2025
- 2025SurgSLOT: Segment Anything in Surgical Videos via Semantic Long-term Tracking20 Nov 2025
- 2025Segment Anything Across Shots: A Method and Benchmark17 Nov 2025
- 2025Tracking and Understanding Object Transformations6 Nov 2025
- 2025Zero-Shot Multi-Animal Tracking in the Wild4 Nov 2025
- 2025SAM 2++: Tracking Anything at Any Granularity21 Oct 2025
- 2025LSVOS 2025 Challenge Report: Recent Advances in Complex Video Object Segmentation13 Oct 2025
50 newest of 66 All 66 (JSON)
- 2025MOSEv2: A More Challenging Dataset for Video Object Segmentation in Complex Scenescited by 62
- 2025Memory-Augmented SAM2 for Training-Free Surgical Video Segmentationcited by 8
- 2025HiM2SAM: Enhancing SAM2 with Hierarchical Motion Estimation and Memory Optimization towards Long-term Trackingcited by 6
- 2025ExtrinSplat: Decoupling Geometry and Semantics for Open-Vocabulary Understanding in 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 6
- 2025SAMITE: Position Prompted SAM2 with Calibrated Memory for Visual Object Trackingcited by 5
- 2025OmniGround: A Comprehensive Spatio-Temporal Grounding Benchmark for Real-World Complex Scenarioscited by 5
- 2025LSVOS 2025 Challenge Report: Recent Advances in Complex Video Object Segmentationcited by 4
- 20263AM: 3egment Anything with Geometric Consistency in Videoscited by 4
- 2025Tracking and Understanding Object Transformationscited by 3
- 2025Segment Anything Across Shots: A Method and Benchmarkcited by 3
- 2025Segment Anything for Video: A Comprehensive Review of Video Object Segmentation and Tracking from Past to Futurecited by 2
- 2025Distractor-Aware Memory-Based Visual Object Trackingcited by 2
12 most cited of 60 All 60 (JSON)
- 2026When Trackers Fail: VLM-Guided Verification and Recovery for Robust Video Object Segmentation11 Oct 2026
- 2026When Predicting Nothing Beats SAM 3: Revisiting Evaluation in Video Object Segmentation2 Oct 2026
- 2026UGO: Unified Architecture for General Multi-Object Tracking by Segmentation29 Sep 2026
- 2026Learning to Reason with Persistent Object States for Video Instance Segmentation28 Sep 2026
- 2026HyperDAM: Hyperspectral Distractor-Aware Memory with Amodal Expansion for SAM 3 Tracking28 Sep 2026
- 2026Report of the 8th LSVOS Challenge: Complex and Multimodal Video Object Segmentation5 Sep 2026
- 2026ENEAS: Embedding-guided Neural Ensemble for Adaptive Segmentation3 Sep 2026
- 2026Competitive Memory Readout for Robust Video Object Segmentation: 2nd Place Technical Report for the MOSEv2 Track of the 8th LSVOS Challenge22 Aug 2026
- 2026VOS-Agent: The 1st Place Solution for the 8th LSVOS Challenge (MOSEv2 Track)13 Aug 2026
- 2026StreamDAM: Presence-Aware Memory for Real-Time Streaming Video Object Segmentation4 Aug 2026
- 2026Lean-SAM2: Target-Anchored Memory and Encoder Acceleration for SAM222 Jul 2026
- 2026Efficient Tracking and Understanding Object Transformations22 Jul 2026
12 newest of 60 All 60 (JSON)