mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Aligning to Social Norms and Values in Interactive Narratives

arXiv 2205.01975 ↗First posted 4 May 2022cs.CL cs.AIcited by 32

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Abstract (arXiv)

We focus on creating agents that act in alignment with socially beneficial norms and values in interactive narratives or text-based games -- environments wherein an agent perceives and interacts with a world through natural language. Such interactive agents are often trained via reinforcement learning to optimize task performance, even when such rewards may lead to agent behaviors that violate societal norms -- causing harm either to the agent itself or other entities in the environment. Social value alignment refers to creating agents whose behaviors conform to expected moral and social norms for a given context and group of people -- in our case, it means agents that behave in a manner that is less harmful and more beneficial for themselves and others. We build on the Jiminy Cricket benchmark (Hendrycks et al. 2021), a set of 25 annotated interactive narratives containing thousands of morally salient scenarios covering everything from theft and bodily harm to altruism. We introduce the GALAD (Game-value ALignment through Action Distillation) agent that uses the social commonsense knowledge present in specially trained language models to contextually restrict its action space to only those actions that are aligned with socially beneficial values. An experimental study shows that the GALAD agent makes decisions efficiently enough to improve state-of-the-art task performance by 4% while reducing the frequency of socially harmful behaviors by 25% compared to strong contemporary value alignment approaches.

Key facts. Cited by 32 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 35 of its 65 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 May 2022.

Builds on

35 of 65 references.

References · 35

  1. 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,491
  2. 2019RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approachcited by 13,266
  3. 2019The Curious Case of Neural Text Degenerationcited by 2,881
  4. 2018Datasheets for Datasetscited by 1,371
  5. 2017Constrained Policy Optimizationcited by 928
  6. 2020Aligning AI With Shared Human Valuescited by 706
  7. 2019The Woman Worked as a Babysitter: On Biases in Language Generationcited by 540
  8. 2018Reward Constrained Policy Optimizationcited by 397
  9. 2019Social Bias Frames: Reasoning about Social and Power Implications of Languagecited by 377
  10. 2018TextWorld: A Learning Environment for Text-based Gamescited by 304
  11. 2016Cooperative Inverse Reinforcement Learningcited by 298
  12. 2020Social Chemistry 101: Learning to Reason about Social and Moral Normscited by 253
23 more
  1. 2019Interactive Fiction Games: A Colossal Adventurecited by 165
  2. 2019Queens are Powerful too: Mitigating Gender Bias in Dialogue Generationcited by 152
  3. 2020Moral Stories: Situated Reasoning about Norms, Intents, Actions, and their Consequencescited by 133
  4. 2017AI Safety Gridworldscited by 108
  5. 2020Keep CALM and Explore: Language Models for Action Generation in Text-based Gamescited by 108
  6. 2020Scruples: A Corpus of Community Ethical Judgments on 32,000 Real-Life Anecdotescited by 100
  7. 2015Deep Reinforcement Learning with a Natural Language Action Spacecited by 88
  8. 2020Graph Constrained Reinforcement Learning for Natural Language Action Spacescited by 80
  9. 2018Learn What Not to Learn: Action Elimination with Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 77
  10. 2018Reinforcement Learning from Imperfect Demonstrationscited by 74
  11. 2021What Would Jiminy Cricket Do? Towards Agents That Behave Morallycited by 57
  12. 2020Learning Dynamic Belief Graphs to Generalize on Text-Based Gamescited by 49
  13. 2019Learning Human Objectives by Evaluating Hypothetical Behaviorcited by 41
  14. 2020Text-based RL Agents with Commonsense Knowledge: New Challenges, Environments and Baselinescited by 37
  15. 2020How to Motivate Your Dragon: Teaching Goal-Driven Agents to Speak and Act in Fantasy Worldscited by 35
  16. 2021Learning Knowledge Graph-based World Models of Textual Environmentscited by 31
  17. 2020Playing Text-Based Games with Common Sensecited by 21
  18. 2019Learning Norms from Stories: A Prior for Value Aligned Agentscited by 19
  19. 2022Reward Reports for Reinforcement Learningcited by 18
  20. 2019NAIL: A General Interactive Fiction Agentcited by 17
  21. 2020Enhancing Text-based Reinforcement Learning Agents with Commonsense Knowledgecited by 16
  22. 2021Training Value-Aligned Reinforcement Learning Agents Using a Normative Priorcited by 14
  23. 2021Modeling Worlds in Textcited by 11

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 7; 2023: 9; 2024: 10; 2025: 5; 2026: 1.

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  1. 2022Is Reinforcement Learning (Not) for Natural Language Processing: Benchmarks, Baselines, and Building Blocks for Natural Language Policy Optimizationcited by 244
  2. 2022Quark: Controllable Text Generation with Reinforced Unlearningcited by 236
  3. 2022Neural Theory-of-Mind? On the Limits of Social Intelligence in Large LMscited by 220
  4. 2023Do the Rewards Justify the Means? Measuring Trade-Offs Between Rewards and Ethical Behavior in the MACHIAVELLI Benchmarkcited by 174
  5. 2024Large Language Models and Games: A Survey and Roadmapcited by 91
  6. 2023Personalisation within bounds: A risk taxonomy and policy framework for the alignment of large language models with personalised feedbackcited by 86
  7. 2024Do LLMs Have Distinct and Consistent Personality? TRAIT: Personality Testset designed for LLMs with Psychometricscited by 56
  8. 2023Knowledge of cultural moral norms in large language modelscited by 51
  9. 2022Rainier: Reinforced Knowledge Introspector for Commonsense Question Answeringcited by 43
  10. 2023Rethinking Machine Ethics -- Can LLMs Perform Moral Reasoning through the Lens of Moral Theories?cited by 36
  11. 2022Multimodal Knowledge Alignment with Reinforcement Learningcited by 30
  12. 2024AI-LieDar: Examine the Trade-off Between Utility and Truthfulness in LLM Agentscited by 28
20 more
  1. 2023The Touch'e23-ValueEval Dataset for Identifying Human Values behind Argumentscited by 27
  2. 2022Law Informs Code: A Legal Informatics Approach to Aligning Artificial Intelligence with Humanscited by 23
  3. 2023What Makes it Ok to Set a Fire? Iterative Self-distillation of Contexts and Rationales for Disambiguating Defeasible Social and Moral Situationscited by 15
  4. 2024Position: Towards Bidirectional Human-AI Alignmentcited by 15
  5. 2025Are Rules Meant to be Broken? Understanding Multilingual Moral Reasoning as a Computational Pipeline with UniMoralcited by 14
  6. 2023Values, Ethics, Morals? On the Use of Moral Concepts in NLP Researchcited by 13
  7. 2022Learning to Follow Instructions in Text-Based Gamescited by 12
  8. 2024Value Imprint: A Technique for Auditing the Human Values Embedded in RLHF Datasetscited by 11
  9. 2023Toward Grounded Commonsense Reasoningcited by 9
  10. 2023Story Shaping: Teaching Agents Human-like Behavior with Storiescited by 7
  11. 2024Morality is Non-Binary: Building a Pluralist Moral Sentence Embedding Space using Contrastive Learningcited by 7
  12. 2024LLM See, LLM Do: Guiding Data Generation to Target Non-Differentiable Objectivescited by 6
  13. 2024SaGE: Evaluating Moral Consistency in Large Language Modelscited by 3
  14. 2024Reinforcement Learning and Machine ethics:a systematic reviewcited by 3
  15. 2025EtiCor++: Towards Understanding Etiquettical Bias in LLMscited by 3
  16. 2024Communicate to Play: Pragmatic Reasoning for Efficient Cross-Cultural Communication in Codenamescited by 2
  17. 2026Structuring the Space of Sociotechnical Alignmentcited by 2
  18. 2025Persona Dynamics: Unveiling the Impact of Personality Traits on Agents in Text-Based Gamescited by 1
  19. 2025Visual moral inference and communicationcited by 0
  20. 2025Kaleidoscope Gallery: Exploring Ethics and Generative AI Through Artcited by 0

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  1. 2024Moral Alignment for LLM Agents
  2. 2025Multi-level Value Alignment in Agentic AI Systems: Survey and Perspectives
  3. 2026Enhancing Value Alignment of LLMs with Multi-agent system and Combinatorial Fusion
  4. 2023AI Alignment and Social Choice: Fundamental Limitations and Policy Implications
  5. 2024Democratizing Reward Design for Personal and Representative Value-Alignment
  6. 2026Socially Grounded Agentic AI: Coordinating Plural Perspectives through Social Theory
  7. 2026Social Catalysts, Not Moral Agents: The Illusion of Alignment in LLM Societies
  8. 2024Agent Alignment in Evolving Social Norms