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NAIL: A General Interactive Fiction Agent

arXiv 1902.04259 ↗First posted 12 Feb 2019cs.AIcited by 17

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Abstract (arXiv)

Interactive Fiction (IF) games are complex textual decision making problems. This paper introduces NAIL, an autonomous agent for general parser-based IF games. NAIL won the 2018 Text Adventure AI Competition, where it was evaluated on twenty unseen games. This paper describes the architecture, development, and insights underpinning NAIL's performance.

Key facts. Cited by 17 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 12 Feb 2019.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 5; 2022: 4; 2023: 4; 2024: 2; 2025: 2.

17 papers.

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  1. 2023Do the Rewards Justify the Means? Measuring Trade-Offs Between Rewards and Ethical Behavior in the MACHIAVELLI Benchmarkcited by 174
  2. 2021What Would Jiminy Cricket Do? Towards Agents That Behave Morallycited by 57
  3. 2022Aligning to Social Norms and Values in Interactive Narrativescited by 32
  4. 2023Can Large Language Models Play Text Games Well? Current State-of-the-Art and Open Questionscited by 30
  5. 2022Multi-Stage Episodic Control for Strategic Exploration in Text Gamescited by 22
  6. 2021Reading and Acting while Blindfolded: The Need for Semantics in Text Game Agentscited by 20
  7. 2021A Systematic Survey of Text Worlds as Embodied Natural Language Environmentscited by 17
  8. 2021A Survey of Text Games for Reinforcement Learning informed by Natural Languagecited by 14
  9. 2021Generalization in Text-based Games via Hierarchical Reinforcement Learningcited by 11
  10. 2022Perceiving the World: Question-guided Reinforcement Learning for Text-based Gamescited by 10
  11. 2025TALES: Text Adventure Learning Environment Suitecited by 9
  12. 2024EXPLORER: Exploration-guided Reasoning for Textual Reinforcement Learningcited by 3
5 more
  1. 2023Learning to Play Text-based Adventure Games with Maximum Entropy Reinforcement Learningcited by 2
  2. 2023Learn What Is Possible, Then Choose What Is Best: Disentangling One-To-Many Relations in Language Through Text-based Gamescited by 2
  3. 2022Affordance Extraction with an External Knowledge Database for Text-Based Simulated Environmentscited by 1
  4. 2024Malinowski in the Age of AI: Can large language models create a text game based on an anthropological classic?cited by 1
  5. 2025Persona Dynamics: Unveiling the Impact of Personality Traits on Agents in Text-Based Gamescited by 1