SOTVerse: A User-defined Task Space of Single Object Tracking
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Abstract (arXiv)
Single object tracking (SOT) research falls into a cycle -- trackers perform well on most benchmarks but quickly fail in challenging scenarios, causing researchers to doubt the insufficient data content and take more effort to construct larger datasets with more challenging situations. However, inefficient data utilization and limited evaluation methods more seriously hinder SOT research. The former causes existing datasets can not be exploited comprehensively, while the latter neglects challenging factors in the evaluation process. In this article, we systematize the representative benchmarks and form a Single Object Tracking metaverse (SOTVerse) -- a user-defined SOT task space to break through the bottleneck. We first propose a 3E Paradigm to describe tasks by three components (i.e., environment, evaluation, and executor). Then, we summarize task characteristics, clarify the organization standards, and construct SOTVerse with 12.56 million frames. Specifically, SOTVerse automatically labels challenging factors per frame, allowing users to generate user-defined spaces efficiently via construction rules. Besides, SOTVerse provides two mechanisms with new indicators and successfully evaluates trackers under various subtasks. Consequently, SOTVerse first provides a strategy to improve resource utilization in the computer vision area, making research more standardized and scientific. The SOTVerse, toolkit, evaluation server, and results are available at http://metaverse.aitestunion.com.
Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 37 of its 84 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Apr 2022.
Builds on
37 of 84 references.
References · 37
- 2014ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challengecited by 8,441
- 2016Fully-Convolutional Siamese Networks for Object Trackingcited by 566
- 2018GOT-10k: A Large High-Diversity Benchmark for Generic Object Tracking in the Wildcited by 471
- 2018SiamRPN++: Evolution of Siamese Visual Tracking with Very Deep Networkscited by 445
- 2019Learning Discriminative Model Prediction for Trackingcited by 344
- 2018TrackingNet: A Large-Scale Dataset and Benchmark for Object Tracking in the Wildcited by 342
- 2018ATOM: Accurate Tracking by Overlap Maximizationcited by 285
- 2022MixFormer: End-to-End Tracking with Iterative Mixed Attentioncited by 278
- 2016ECO: Efficient Convolution Operators for Trackingcited by 239
- 2020Probabilistic Regression for Visual Trackingcited by 231
- 2018Human Action Recognition and Prediction: A Surveycited by 226
- 2020Ocean: Object-aware Anchor-free Trackingcited by 212
25 more
- 2018Distractor-aware Siamese Networks for Visual Object Trackingcited by 187
- 2019SiamFC++: Towards Robust and Accurate Visual Tracking with Target Estimation Guidelinescited by 177
- 2021Open-Ended Learning Leads to Generally Capable Agentscited by 177
- 2019Siam R-CNN: Visual Tracking by Re-Detectioncited by 174
- 2019Deeper and Wider Siamese Networks for Real-Time Visual Trackingcited by 156
- 2019SiamCAR: Siamese Fully Convolutional Classification and Regression for Visual Trackingcited by 147
- 2017Need for Speed: A Benchmark for Higher Frame Rate Object Trackingcited by 137
- 2020MOTChallenge: A Benchmark for Single-Camera Multiple Target Trackingcited by 134
- 2021Learning Target Candidate Association to Keep Track of What Not to Trackcited by 131
- 2020LaSOT: A High-quality Large-scale Single Object Tracking Benchmarkcited by 130
- 2017Augmented Reality Meets Computer Vision : Efficient Data Generation for Urban Driving Scenescited by 122
- 2020Know Your Surroundings: Exploiting Scene Information for Object Trackingcited by 119
- 2015A Novel Performance Evaluation Methodology for Single-Target Trackerscited by 113
- 2017YouTube-BoundingBoxes: A Large High-Precision Human-Annotated Data Set for Object Detection in Videocited by 109
- 2019Deep Learning in Video Multi-Object Tracking: A Surveycited by 107
- 2019Grounding Human-to-Vehicle Advice for Self-driving Vehiclescited by 71
- 2019GlobalTrack: A Simple and Strong Baseline for Long-term Trackingcited by 57
- 2020An Exploration of Embodied Visual Explorationcited by 56
- 2018Long-term Tracking in the Wild: A Benchmarkcited by 55
- 2017Online Multi-Object Tracking Using CNN-based Single Object Tracker with Spatial-Temporal Attention Mechanismcited by 48
- 2018PTB-TIR: A Thermal Infrared Pedestrian Tracking Benchmarkcited by 34
- 2019'Skimming-Perusal' Tracking: A Framework for Real-Time and Robust Long-term Trackingcited by 34
- 2022Global Instance Tracking: Locating Target More Like Humanscited by 18
- 2015Visual object tracking performance measures revisitedcited by 12
- 2017Long-Term Visual Object Tracking Benchmarkcited by 11
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 6; 2025: 3; 2026: 1.
10 papers.
- 2024DTLLM-VLT: Diverse Text Generation for Visual Language Tracking Based on LLMcited by 24
- 2024BioDrone: A Bionic Drone-based Single Object Tracking Benchmark for Robust Visioncited by 13
- 2024DTVLT: A Multi-modal Diverse Text Benchmark for Visual Language Tracking Based on LLMcited by 12
- 2024Visual Language Tracking with Multi-modal Interaction: A Robust Benchmarkcited by 10
- 2024How Texts Help? A Fine-grained Evaluation to Reveal the Role of Language in Vision-Language Trackingcited by 10
- 2025CSTrack: Enhancing RGB-X Tracking via Compact Spatiotemporal Featurescited by 10
- 2025ATCTrack: Aligning Target-Context Cues with Dynamic Target States for Robust Vision-Language Trackingcited by 10
- 2024Enhancing Vision-Language Tracking by Effectively Converting Textual Cues into Visual Cuescited by 8
- 2025VS-LLM: Visual-Semantic Depression Assessment based on LLM for Drawing Projection Testcited by 1
- 2026Decoupling Amplitude and Phase Attention in Frequency Domain for RGB-Event based Visual Object Trackingcited by 1
- 2026Decoupling Amplitude and Phase Attention in Frequency Domain for RGB-Event based Visual Object Tracking3 Jan 2026
- 2025VS-LLM: Visual-Semantic Depression Assessment based on LLM for Drawing Projection Test7 Aug 2025
- 2025ATCTrack: Aligning Target-Context Cues with Dynamic Target States for Robust Vision-Language Tracking26 Jul 2025
- 2025CSTrack: Enhancing RGB-X Tracking via Compact Spatiotemporal Features26 May 2025
- 2024Enhancing Vision-Language Tracking by Effectively Converting Textual Cues into Visual Cues27 Dec 2024
- 2024How Texts Help? A Fine-grained Evaluation to Reveal the Role of Language in Vision-Language Tracking23 Nov 2024
- 2024DTVLT: A Multi-modal Diverse Text Benchmark for Visual Language Tracking Based on LLM3 Oct 2024
- 2024Visual Language Tracking with Multi-modal Interaction: A Robust Benchmark13 Sep 2024
- 2024DTLLM-VLT: Diverse Text Generation for Visual Language Tracking Based on LLM20 May 2024
- 2024BioDrone: A Bionic Drone-based Single Object Tracking Benchmark for Robust Vision7 Feb 2024