mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

LGESQL: Line Graph Enhanced Text-to-SQL Model with Mixed Local and Non-Local Relations

arXiv 2106.01093 ↗First posted 2 Jun 2021cs.CLcited by 119

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Abstract (arXiv)

This work aims to tackle the challenging heterogeneous graph encoding problem in the text-to-SQL task. Previous methods are typically node-centric and merely utilize different weight matrices to parameterize edge types, which 1) ignore the rich semantics embedded in the topological structure of edges, and 2) fail to distinguish local and non-local relations for each node. To this end, we propose a Line Graph Enhanced Text-to-SQL (LGESQL) model to mine the underlying relational features without constructing meta-paths. By virtue of the line graph, messages propagate more efficiently through not only connections between nodes, but also the topology of directed edges. Furthermore, both local and non-local relations are integrated distinctively during the graph iteration. We also design an auxiliary task called graph pruning to improve the discriminative capability of the encoder. Our framework achieves state-of-the-art results (62.8% with Glove, 72.0% with Electra) on the cross-domain text-to-SQL benchmark Spider at the time of writing.

Key facts. Cited by 119 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 37 of its 64 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 Jun 2021.

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37 of 64 references.

References · 37

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25 more
  1. 2019RAT-SQL: Relation-Aware Schema Encoding and Linking for Text-to-SQL Parserscited by 424
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  4. 2019Towards Complex Text-to-SQL in Cross-Domain Database with Intermediate Representationcited by 210
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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 9; 2022: 25; 2023: 28; 2024: 23; 2025: 20; 2026: 14.

119 papers.

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  1. 2023Can LLM Already Serve as A Database Interface? A BIg Bench for Large-Scale Database Grounded Text-to-SQLscited by 688
  2. 2023DIN-SQL: Decomposed In-Context Learning of Text-to-SQL with Self-Correctioncited by 477
  3. 2021PICARD: Parsing Incrementally for Constrained Auto-Regressive Decoding from Language Modelscited by 411
  4. 2023RESDSQL: Decoupling Schema Linking and Skeleton Parsing for Text-to-SQLcited by 195
  5. 2024CodeS: Towards Building Open-source Language Models for Text-to-SQLcited by 187
  6. 2024CHESS: Contextual Harnessing for Efficient SQL Synthesiscited by 169
  7. 2023C3: Zero-shot Text-to-SQL with ChatGPTcited by 164
  8. 2024CHASE-SQL: Multi-Path Reasoning and Preference Optimized Candidate Selection in Text-to-SQLcited by 138
  9. 2023A comprehensive evaluation of ChatGPT's zero-shot Text-to-SQL capabilitycited by 119
  10. 2023Graphix-T5: Mixing Pre-Trained Transformers with Graph-Aware Layers for Text-to-SQL Parsingcited by 93
  11. 2025OmniSQL: Synthesizing High-quality Text-to-SQL Data at Scalecited by 91
  12. 2022RASAT: Integrating Relational Structures into Pretrained Seq2Seq Model for Text-to-SQLcited by 85
38 more
  1. 2023ACT-SQL: In-Context Learning for Text-to-SQL with Automatically-Generated Chain-of-Thoughtcited by 65
  2. 2025Reasoning-SQL: Reinforcement Learning with SQL Tailored Partial Rewards for Reasoning-Enhanced Text-to-SQLcited by 59
  3. 2023How to Prompt LLMs for Text-to-SQL: A Study in Zero-shot, Single-domain, and Cross-domain Settingscited by 58
  4. 2024A Survey of Text-to-SQL in the Era of LLMs: Where are we, and where are we going?cited by 56
  5. 2024Synthesizing Text-to-SQL Data from Weak and Strong LLMscited by 54
  6. 2022A Survey on Text-to-SQL Parsing: Concepts, Methods, and Future Directionscited by 52
  7. 2024Before Generation, Align it! A Novel and Effective Strategy for Mitigating Hallucinations in Text-to-SQL Generationcited by 50
  8. 2022Recent Advances in Text-to-SQL: A Survey of What We Have and What We Expectcited by 47
  9. 2024DTS-SQL: Decomposed Text-to-SQL with Small Large Language Modelscited by 45
  10. 2021SADGA: Structure-Aware Dual Graph Aggregation Network for Text-to-SQLcited by 43
  11. 2022S2SQL: Injecting Syntax to Question-Schema Interaction Graph Encoder for Text-to-SQL Parserscited by 41
  12. 2022A Survey on Table Question Answering: Recent Advancescited by 41
  13. 2024FinSQL: Model-Agnostic LLMs-based Text-to-SQL Framework for Financial Analysiscited by 36
  14. 2024PURPLE: Making a Large Language Model a Better SQL Writercited by 34
  15. 2023Evaluating Cross-Domain Text-to-SQL Models and Benchmarkscited by 32
  16. 2024SQLBench: A Comprehensive Evaluation for Text-to-SQL Capabilities of Large Language Modelscited by 32
  17. 2024Decomposition for Enhancing Attention: Improving LLM-based Text-to-SQL through Workflow Paradigmcited by 31
  18. 2022Proton: Probing Schema Linking Information from Pre-trained Language Models for Text-to-SQL Parsingcited by 30
  19. 2025LinkAlign: Scalable Schema Linking for Real-World Large-Scale Multi-Database Text-to-SQLcited by 29
  20. 2022Importance of Synthesizing High-quality Data for Text-to-SQL Parsingcited by 28
  21. 2023Natural Language Interfaces for Tabular Data Querying and Visualization: A Surveycited by 27
  22. 2022HIE-SQL: History Information Enhanced Network for Context-Dependent Text-to-SQL Semantic Parsingcited by 26
  23. 2023Interleaving Pre-Trained Language Models and Large Language Models for Zero-Shot NL2SQL Generationcited by 24
  24. 2022Semantic Enhanced Text-to-SQL Parsing via Iteratively Learning Schema Linking Graphcited by 22
  25. 2024MAG-SQL: Multi-Agent Generative Approach with Soft Schema Linking and Iterative Sub-SQL Refinement for Text-to-SQLcited by 22
  26. 2022UniSAr: A Unified Structure-Aware Autoregressive Language Model for Text-to-SQLcited by 20
  27. 2025Reliable Text-to-SQL with Adaptive Abstentioncited by 20
  28. 2022STAR: SQL Guided Pre-Training for Context-dependent Text-to-SQL Parsingcited by 19
  29. 2023Towards Knowledge-Intensive Text-to-SQL Semantic Parsing with Formulaic Knowledgecited by 18
  30. 2022Answering Numerical Reasoning Questions in Table-Text Hybrid Contents with Graph-based Encoder and Tree-based Decodercited by 17
  31. 2024Metasql: A Generate-then-Rank Framework for Natural Language to SQL Translationcited by 17
  32. 2025AutoLink: Autonomous Schema Exploration and Expansion for Scalable Schema Linking in Text-to-SQL at Scalecited by 17
  33. 2023Prompting GPT-3.5 for Text-to-SQL with De-semanticization and Skeleton Retrievalcited by 16
  34. 2025ELT-Bench: An End-to-End Benchmark for Evaluating AI Agents on ELT Pipelinescited by 16
  35. 2021mRAT-SQL+GAP:A Portuguese Text-to-SQL Transformercited by 15
  36. 2022UniRPG: Unified Discrete Reasoning over Table and Text as Program Generationcited by 13
  37. 2023Error Detection for Text-to-SQL Semantic Parsingcited by 12
  38. 2023Retrieval-augmented GPT-3.5-based Text-to-SQL Framework with Sample-aware Prompting and Dynamic Revision Chaincited by 12

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