Data to 14 Oct 2026

Bridging Textual and Tabular Data for Cross-Domain Text-to-SQL Semantic Parsing

arXiv 2012.12627 ↗First posted 23 Dec 2020cs.CL cs.AI cs.DBcited by 133

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Abstract (arXiv)

We present BRIDGE, a powerful sequential architecture for modeling dependencies between natural language questions and relational databases in cross-DB semantic parsing. BRIDGE represents the question and DB schema in a tagged sequence where a subset of the fields are augmented with cell values mentioned in the question. The hybrid sequence is encoded by BERT with minimal subsequent layers and the text-DB contextualization is realized via the fine-tuned deep attention in BERT. Combined with a pointer-generator decoder with schema-consistency driven search space pruning, BRIDGE attained state-of-the-art performance on popular cross-DB text-to-SQL benchmarks, Spider (71.1% dev, 67.5% test with ensemble model) and WikiSQL (92.6% dev, 91.9% test). Our analysis shows that BRIDGE effectively captures the desired cross-modal dependencies and has the potential to generalize to more text-DB related tasks. Our implementation is available at urlhttps://github.com/salesforce/TabularSemanticParsing.

Key facts. Cited by 133 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 23 Dec 2020.

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 20; 2022: 24; 2023: 38; 2024: 24; 2025: 16; 2026: 11.

133 papers.

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2021PICARD: Parsing Incrementally for Constrained Auto-Regressive Decoding from Language Modelscited by 411
2023Text-to-SQL Empowered by Large Language Models: A Benchmark Evaluationcited by 385
2024Retrieval-Augmented Generation for AI-Generated Content: A Surveycited by 354
2023RESDSQL: Decoupling Schema Linking and Skeleton Parsing for Text-to-SQLcited by 195
2022TransTab: Learning Transferable Tabular Transformers Across Tablescited by 132
2021LGESQL: Line Graph Enhanced Text-to-SQL Model with Mixed Local and Non-Local Relationscited by 119
2021Case-based Reasoning for Natural Language Queries over Knowledge Basescited by 107
2022Evaluating the Text-to-SQL Capabilities of Large Language Modelscited by 101
2022RASAT: Integrating Relational Structures into Pretrained Seq2Seq Model for Text-to-SQLcited by 85
2021Natural SQL: Making SQL Easier to Infer from Natural Language Specificationscited by 68
2024A Survey on Employing Large Language Models for Text-to-SQL Taskscited by 67
2024The Death of Schema Linking? Text-to-SQL in the Age of Well-Reasoned Language Modelscited by 67

38 more

2024Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) and Beyond: A Comprehensive Survey on How to Make your LLMs use External Data More Wiselycited by 66
2023How to Prompt LLMs for Text-to-SQL: A Study in Zero-shot, Single-domain, and Cross-domain Settingscited by 58
2024A Survey of Text-to-SQL in the Era of LLMs: Where are we, and where are we going?cited by 56
2023Dr.Spider: A Diagnostic Evaluation Benchmark towards Text-to-SQL Robustnesscited by 53
2022A Survey on Text-to-SQL Parsing: Concepts, Methods, and Future Directionscited by 52
2022Recent Advances in Text-to-SQL: A Survey of What We Have and What We Expectcited by 47
2023Skill-Based Few-Shot Selection for In-Context Learningcited by 46
2021SADGA: Structure-Aware Dual Graph Aggregation Network for Text-to-SQLcited by 43
2022Table Pre-training: A Survey on Model Architectures, Pre-training Objectives, and Downstream Taskscited by 42
2023SQL-PaLM: Improved Large Language Model Adaptation for Text-to-SQL (extended)cited by 42
2021Learning to Synthesize Data for Semantic Parsingcited by 41
2022S2SQL: Injecting Syntax to Question-Schema Interaction Graph Encoder for Text-to-SQL Parserscited by 41
2021ShadowGNN: Graph Projection Neural Network for Text-to-SQL Parsercited by 35
2024E-SQL: Direct Schema Linking via Question Enrichment in Text-to-SQLcited by 35
2024PURPLE: Making a Large Language Model a Better SQL Writercited by 34
2023Evaluating Cross-Domain Text-to-SQL Models and Benchmarkscited by 32
2024SQLBench: A Comprehensive Evaluation for Text-to-SQL Capabilities of Large Language Modelscited by 32
2021Awakening Latent Grounding from Pretrained Language Models for Semantic Parsingcited by 28
2021SeaD: End-to-end Text-to-SQL Generation with Schema-aware Denoisingcited by 27
2023Natural Language Interfaces for Tabular Data Querying and Visualization: A Surveycited by 27
2023TempTabQA: Temporal Question Answering for Semi-Structured Tablescited by 27
2022HIE-SQL: History Information Enhanced Network for Context-Dependent Text-to-SQL Semantic Parsingcited by 26
2023Improving Generalization in Language Model-Based Text-to-SQL Semantic Parsing: Two Simple Semantic Boundary-Based Techniquescited by 24
2024BlendSQL: A Scalable Dialect for Unifying Hybrid Question Answering in Relational Algebracited by 24
2021Incorporating External Knowledge to Enhance Tabular Reasoningcited by 23
2023TabLib: A Dataset of 627M Tables with Contextcited by 23
2025PropRAG: Guiding Retrieval with Beam Search over Proposition Pathscited by 23
2023L2CEval: Evaluating Language-to-Code Generation Capabilities of Large Language Modelscited by 22
2023Text-to-SQL Error Correction with Language Models of Codecited by 21
2022UniSAr: A Unified Structure-Aware Autoregressive Language Model for Text-to-SQLcited by 20
2025Reliable Text-to-SQL with Adaptive Abstentioncited by 20
2021DB-BERT: a Database Tuning Tool that "Reads the Manual"cited by 19
2022N-Best Hypotheses Reranking for Text-To-SQL Systemscited by 19
2023Learning to Simulate Natural Language Feedback for Interactive Semantic Parsingcited by 19
2024PRACTIQ: A Practical Conversational Text-to-SQL dataset with Ambiguous and Unanswerable Queriescited by 19
2024Metasql: A Generate-then-Rank Framework for Natural Language to SQL Translationcited by 17
2025STaR-SQL: Self-Taught Reasoner for Text-to-SQLcited by 17
2022Uni-Parser: Unified Semantic Parser for Question Answering on Knowledge Base and Databasecited by 16

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