mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

A Survey on Text-to-SQL Parsing: Concepts, Methods, and Future Directions

arXiv 2208.13629 ↗First posted 29 Aug 2022cs.CLcited by 51

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Abstract (arXiv)

Text-to-SQL parsing is an essential and challenging task. The goal of text-to-SQL parsing is to convert a natural language (NL) question to its corresponding structured query language (SQL) based on the evidences provided by relational databases. Early text-to-SQL parsing systems from the database community achieved a noticeable progress with the cost of heavy human engineering and user interactions with the systems. In recent years, deep neural networks have significantly advanced this task by neural generation models, which automatically learn a mapping function from an input NL question to an output SQL query. Subsequently, the large pre-trained language models have taken the state-of-the-art of the text-to-SQL parsing task to a new level. In this survey, we present a comprehensive review on deep learning approaches for text-to-SQL parsing. First, we introduce the text-to-SQL parsing corpora which can be categorized as single-turn and multi-turn. Second, we provide a systematical overview of pre-trained language models and existing methods for text-to-SQL parsing. Third, we present readers with the challenges faced by text-to-SQL parsing and explore some potential future directions in this field.

Key facts. Cited by 51 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 77 of its 103 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Aug 2022.

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77 of 103 references.

References · 77

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50 most cited of 77 All 77 (JSON)

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Citing papers per year: 2022: 5; 2023: 12; 2024: 13; 2025: 14; 2026: 7.

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  1. 2023Can LLM Already Serve as A Database Interface? A BIg Bench for Large-Scale Database Grounded Text-to-SQLscited by 667
  2. 2023DIN-SQL: Decomposed In-Context Learning of Text-to-SQL with Self-Correctioncited by 465
  3. 2023Text-to-SQL Empowered by Large Language Models: A Benchmark Evaluationcited by 378
  4. 2023Large Language Models are Versatile Decomposers: Decompose Evidence and Questions for Table-based Reasoningcited by 177
  5. 2024CHESS: Contextual Harnessing for Efficient SQL Synthesiscited by 164
  6. 2025A Survey of Context Engineering for Large Language Modelscited by 120
  7. 2024Next-Generation Database Interfaces: A Survey of LLM-based Text-to-SQLcited by 118
  8. 2023Graphix-T5: Mixing Pre-Trained Transformers with Graph-Aware Layers for Text-to-SQL Parsingcited by 93
  9. 2024A Survey on Employing Large Language Models for Text-to-SQL Taskscited by 67
  10. 2023Unifying the Perspectives of NLP and Software Engineering: A Survey on Language Models for Codecited by 62
  11. 2024Large Language Model for Table Processing: A Surveycited by 52
  12. 2024RSL-SQL: Robust Schema Linking in Text-to-SQL Generationcited by 51
38 more
  1. 2024SQLBench: A Comprehensive Evaluation for Text-to-SQL Capabilities of Large Language Modelscited by 32
  2. 2023Xpert: Empowering Incident Management with Query Recommendations via Large Language Modelscited by 22
  3. 2022STAR: SQL Guided Pre-Training for Context-dependent Text-to-SQL Parsingcited by 19
  4. 2024KBLaM: Knowledge Base augmented Language Modelcited by 16
  5. 2025SWE-SQL: Illuminating LLM Pathways to Solve User SQL Issues in Real-World Applicationscited by 15
  6. 2025Knapsack Optimization-based Schema Linking for LLM-based Text-to-SQL Generationcited by 9
  7. 2025Text-to-SQL as Dual-State Reasoning: Integrating Adaptive Context and Progressive Generationcited by 8
  8. 2022SUN: Exploring Intrinsic Uncertainties in Text-to-SQL Parserscited by 7
  9. 2022Towards Generalizable and Robust Text-to-SQL Parsingcited by 7
  10. 2023TableQAKit: A Comprehensive and Practical Toolkit for Table-based Question Answeringcited by 7
  11. 2025LogicCat: A Chain-of-Thought Text-to-SQL Benchmark for Complex Reasoningcited by 7
  12. 2024DataGpt-SQL-7B: An Open-Source Language Model for Text-to-SQLcited by 4
  13. 2025Exploring the Landscape of Text-to-SQL with Large Language Models: Progresses, Challenges and Opportunitiescited by 4
  14. 2025SEED: Enhancing Text-to-SQL Performance and Practical Usability Through Automatic Evidence Generationcited by 4
  15. 2023Fine-Tuning Language Models for Context-Specific SQL Query Generationcited by 3
  16. 2024AnnotatedTables: A Large Tabular Dataset with Language Model Annotationscited by 3
  17. 2024Enhancing LLM Fine-tuning for Text-to-SQLs by SQL Quality Measurementcited by 3
  18. 2024BIS: NL2SQL Service Evaluation Benchmark for Business Intelligence Scenarioscited by 3
  19. 2025MaskSQL: Safeguarding Privacy for LLM-Based Text-to-SQL via Abstractioncited by 3
  20. 2022Graph-to-Text Generation with Dynamic Structure Pruningcited by 2
  21. 2022On the Security Vulnerabilities of Text-to-SQL Modelscited by 2
  22. 2023Optimal Transport Posterior Alignment for Cross-lingual Semantic Parsingcited by 2
  23. 2024VisTR: Visualizations as Representations for Time-series Table Reasoningcited by 2
  24. 2025End-to-End Text-to-SQL with Dataset Selection: Leveraging LLMs for Adaptive Query Generationcited by 2
  25. 2023Dialogue Agents 101: A Beginner's Guide to Critical Ingredients for Designing Effective Conversational Systemscited by 1
  26. 2024Cooperative SQL Generation for Segmented Databases By Using Multi-functional LLM Agentscited by 1
  27. 2025Rethinking Text-to-SQL: Dynamic Multi-turn SQL Interaction for Real-world Database Explorationcited by 1
  28. 2026Evaluating Semantic and Syntactic Understanding in Large Language Models for Payroll Systemscited by 1
  29. 2026Extending Confidence-Based Text2Cypher with Grammar and Schema Aware Filteringcited by 1
  30. 2026SQLMorph: Query Mutation and Fine-Grained Metrics for Text-to-SQL Evaluationcited by 1
  31. 2023Conversational Text-to-SQL: An Odyssey into State-of-the-Art and Challenges Aheadcited by 0
  32. 2025Harnessing Temporal Databases for Systematic Evaluation of Factual Time-Sensitive Question-Answering in Large Language Modelscited by 0
  33. 2025PCRLLM: Proof-Carrying Reasoning with Large Language Models under Stepwise Logical Constraintscited by 0
  34. 2025Prompt Engineering Techniques for Context-dependent Text-to-SQL in Arabiccited by 0
  35. 2025CricBench: A Multilingual Benchmark for Evaluating LLMs in Cricket Analyticscited by 0
  36. 2026Sonar-TS: Search-Then-Verify Natural Language Querying for Time Series Databasescited by 0
  37. 2026CHS-SQL: A Text-to-SQL approach based on Confidence-Guided Heuristic Search Schema Linking processcited by 0
  38. 2026Language-Augmented Semantic Priors for B-Spline Surface Fittingcited by 0

50 most cited of 51 All 51 (JSON)