Rethinking the competition between detection and ReID in Multi-Object Tracking
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Abstract (arXiv)
Due to balanced accuracy and speed, one-shot models which jointly learn detection and identification embeddings, have drawn great attention in multi-object tracking (MOT). However, the inherent differences and relations between detection and re-identification (ReID) are unconsciously overlooked because of treating them as two isolated tasks in the one-shot tracking paradigm. This leads to inferior performance compared with existing two-stage methods. In this paper, we first dissect the reasoning process for these two tasks, which reveals that the competition between them inevitably would destroy task-dependent representations learning. To tackle this problem, we propose a novel reciprocal network (REN) with a self-relation and cross-relation design so that to impel each branch to better learn task-dependent representations. The proposed model aims to alleviate the deleterious tasks competition, meanwhile improve the cooperation between detection and ReID. Furthermore, we introduce a scale-aware attention network (SAAN) that prevents semantic level misalignment to improve the association capability of ID embeddings. By integrating the two delicately designed networks into a one-shot online MOT system, we construct a strong MOT tracker, namely CSTrack. Our tracker achieves the state-of-the-art performance on MOT16, MOT17 and MOT20 datasets, without other bells and whistles. Moreover, CSTrack is efficient and runs at 16.4 FPS on a single modern GPU, and its lightweight version even runs at 34.6 FPS. The complete code has been released at https://github.com/JudasDie/SOTS.
Key facts. Cited by 101 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 23 Oct 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 9; 2022: 24; 2023: 25; 2024: 26; 2025: 9; 2026: 8.
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- 2021ByteTrack: Multi-Object Tracking by Associating Every Detection Boxcited by 812
- 2022Observation-Centric SORT: Rethinking SORT for Robust Multi-Object Trackingcited by 345
- 2022BoT-SORT: Robust Associations Multi-Pedestrian Trackingcited by 313
- 2022StrongSORT: Make DeepSORT Great Againcited by 213
- 2023Deep OC-SORT: Multi-Pedestrian Tracking by Adaptive Re-Identificationcited by 130
- 2022Global Tracking Transformerscited by 110
- 2021TransMOT: Spatial-Temporal Graph Transformer for Multiple Object Trackingcited by 93
- 2022Towards Grand Unification of Object Trackingcited by 93
- 2023Referring Multi-Object Trackingcited by 91
- 2023Hybrid-SORT: Weak Cues Matter for Online Multi-Object Trackingcited by 66
- 2023MotionTrack: Learning Robust Short-term and Long-term Motions for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 64
- 2021Do Different Tracking Tasks Require Different Appearance Models?cited by 62
38 more
- 2024Multiple Object Tracking as ID Predictioncited by 58
- 2021RelationTrack: Relation-aware Multiple Object Tracking with Decoupled Representationcited by 52
- 2023SparseTrack: Multi-Object Tracking by Performing Scene Decomposition based on Pseudo-Depthcited by 48
- 2021TransCenter: Transformers with Dense Representations for Multiple-Object Trackingcited by 42
- 2022Tracking Objects as Pixel-wise Distributionscited by 36
- 2022Towards Discriminative Representation: Multi-view Trajectory Contrastive Learning for Online Multi-object Trackingcited by 33
- 2023iKUN: Speak to Trackers without Retrainingcited by 31
- 2022SMILEtrack: SiMIlarity LEarning for Occlusion-Aware Multiple Object Trackingcited by 29
- 2022Quo Vadis: Is Trajectory Forecasting the Key Towards Long-Term Multi-Object Tracking?cited by 28
- 2021One More Check: Making "Fake Background" Be Tracked Againcited by 25
- 2023Focus On Details: Online Multi-object Tracking with Diverse Fine-grained Representationcited by 25
- 2024NetTrack: Tracking Highly Dynamic Objects with a Netcited by 22
- 2023TOPIC: A Parallel Association Paradigm for Multi-Object Tracking under Complex Motions and Diverse Scenescited by 21
- 2024Bootstrapping Referring Multi-Object Trackingcited by 21
- 2023ByteTrackV2: 2D and 3D Multi-Object Tracking by Associating Every Detection Boxcited by 20
- 2023MotionTrack: Learning Motion Predictor for Multiple Object Trackingcited by 20
- 2023OmniTracker: Unifying Object Tracking by Tracking-with-Detectioncited by 19
- 2024EchoTrack: Auditory Referring Multi-Object Tracking for Autonomous Drivingcited by 18
- 2024Delving into the Trajectory Long-tail Distribution for Muti-object Trackingcited by 18
- 2022Generalizing Multiple Object Tracking to Unseen Domains by Introducing Natural Language Representationcited by 16
- 2022Detection Recovery in Online Multi-Object Tracking with Sparse Graph Trackercited by 15
- 2024Visual Multi-Object Tracking with Re-Identification and Occlusion Handling using Labeled Random Finite Setscited by 11
- 2021Local Metrics for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 8
- 2023Tracking without Label: Unsupervised Multiple Object Tracking via Contrastive Similarity Learningcited by 8
- 2024FeatureSORT: Essential Features for Effective Trackingcited by 8
- 2024MLS-Track: Multilevel Semantic Interaction in RMOTcited by 7
- 2024Track Initialization and Re-Identification for~3D Multi-View Multi-Object Trackingcited by 7
- 2022SimpleTrack: Rethinking and Improving the JDE Approach for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 6
- 2023AttMOT: Improving Multiple-Object Tracking by Introducing Auxiliary Pedestrian Attributescited by 6
- 2024YOLOv1 to YOLOv10: The fastest and most accurate real-time object detection systemscited by 6
- 2024Temporal-Enhanced Multimodal Transformer for Referring Multi-Object Tracking and Segmentationcited by 6
- 2025PD-SORT: Occlusion-Robust Multi-Object Tracking Using Pseudo-Depth Cuescited by 6
- 2025Cognitive Disentanglement for Referring Multi-Object Trackingcited by 6
- 2022PatchTrack: Multiple Object Tracking Using Frame Patchescited by 5
- 2022SportsTrack: An Innovative Method for Tracking Athletes in Sports Scenescited by 5
- 2022Tracking by Associating Clipscited by 5
- 2023Single-Shot and Multi-Shot Feature Learning for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 5
- 2024Associate Everything Detected: Facilitating Tracking-by-Detection to the Unknowncited by 5
50 most cited of 101 All 101 (JSON)
- 2026Beyond the Survey: A Systematic Empirical Study of Detection and Association in Visual MOT14 Sep 2026
- 2026Beyond the Image Plane: World-Grounded Queries for Multi-Object Tracking1 Sep 2026
- 2026HieDG: A Hierarchical Discrete Geometry-Guided Framework for Multi-Animal Tracking1 Jul 2026
- 2026FEMOT: Multi-Object Tracking using Frame and Event Cameras12 Jun 2026
- 2026Does Appearance Help? A Systematic Study of Image-Based Re-Identification in Online 3D Multi-Pedestrian Tracking5 Jun 2026
- 2026Motion-Driven Multi-Object Tracking of Model Organisms in Space Science Experiments29 Apr 2026
- 2026STORM: End-to-End Referring Multi-Object Tracking in Videos12 Apr 2026
- 2026Occlusion-Aware SORT: Observing Occlusion for Robust Multi-Object Tracking6 Mar 2026
- 2025From Detection to Association: Learning Discriminative Object Embeddings for Multi-Object Tracking2 Dec 2025
- 2025Motion-Aware Vision-Reference Alignment for Referring Multi-Object Tracking21 Nov 2025
- 2025From Camera-Based Sensing to Reasoning: A Comprehensive Review Toward Proactive Vulnerable Road User Safety30 Sep 2025
- 2025FastTracker: Real-Time and Accurate Visual Tracking20 Aug 2025
38 more
- 2025ReaMOT: A Benchmark and Framework for Reasoning-based Multi-Object Tracking26 May 2025
- 2025History-Aware Transformation of ReID Features for Multiple Object Tracking16 Mar 2025
- 2025Cognitive Disentanglement for Referring Multi-Object Tracking14 Mar 2025
- 2025YOLO11-JDE: Fast and Accurate Multi-Object Tracking with Self-Supervised Re-ID23 Jan 2025
- 2025PD-SORT: Occlusion-Robust Multi-Object Tracking Using Pseudo-Depth Cues20 Jan 2025
- 2024Tracking by Detection and Query: An Efficient End-to-End Framework for Multi-Object Tracking9 Nov 2024
- 2024IP-MOT: Instance Prompt Learning for Cross-Domain Multi-Object Tracking30 Oct 2024
- 2024Temporal-Enhanced Multimodal Transformer for Referring Multi-Object Tracking and Segmentation17 Oct 2024
- 2024Enhanced Kalman with Adaptive Appearance Motion SORT for Grounded Generic Multiple Object Tracking11 Oct 2024
- 2024CAMOT: Camera Angle-aware Multi-Object Tracking26 Sep 2024
- 2024STCMOT: Spatio-Temporal Cohesion Learning for UAV-Based Multiple Object Tracking17 Sep 2024
- 2024Associate Everything Detected: Facilitating Tracking-by-Detection to the Unknown14 Sep 2024
- 2024FACT: Feature Adaptive Continual-learning Tracker for Multiple Object Tracking12 Sep 2024
- 2024When to Extract ReID Features: A Selective Approach for Improved Multiple Object Tracking10 Sep 2024
- 2024YOLOv1 to YOLOv10: The fastest and most accurate real-time object detection systems18 Aug 2024
- 2024Visual Multi-Object Tracking with Re-Identification and Occlusion Handling using Labeled Random Finite Sets11 Jul 2024
- 2024FeatureSORT: Essential Features for Effective Tracking5 Jul 2024
- 2024Cyclic Refiner: Object-Aware Temporal Representation Learning for Multi-View 3D Detection and Tracking3 Jul 2024
- 2024Basketball-SORT: An Association Method for Complex Multi-object Occlusion Problems in Basketball Multi-object Tracking28 Jun 2024
- 2024Bootstrapping Referring Multi-Object Tracking7 Jun 2024
- 2024Multi-Granularity Language-Guided Training for Multi-Object Tracking7 Jun 2024
- 2024Track Initialization and Re-Identification for~3D Multi-View Multi-Object Tracking28 May 2024
- 2024An Approximate Dynamic Programming Framework for Occlusion-Robust Multi-Object Tracking24 May 2024
- 2024MLS-Track: Multilevel Semantic Interaction in RMOT18 Apr 2024
- 2024DepthMOT: Depth Cues Lead to a Strong Multi-Object Tracker8 Apr 2024
- 2024Representation Alignment Contrastive Regularization for Multi-Object Tracking3 Apr 2024
- 2024Multiple Object Tracking as ID Prediction25 Mar 2024
- 2024NetTrack: Tracking Highly Dynamic Objects with a Net17 Mar 2024
- 2024Delving into the Trajectory Long-tail Distribution for Muti-object Tracking7 Mar 2024
- 2024EchoTrack: Auditory Referring Multi-Object Tracking for Autonomous Driving28 Feb 2024
- 2024Multi-Object Tracking by Hierarchical Visual Representations24 Feb 2024
- 2023iKUN: Speak to Trackers without Retraining25 Dec 2023
- 2023Single-Shot and Multi-Shot Feature Learning for Multi-Object Tracking17 Nov 2023
- 2023Multiple Object Tracking based on Occlusion-Aware Embedding Consistency Learning5 Nov 2023
- 2023OccluTrack: Rethinking Awareness of Occlusion for Enhancing Multiple Pedestrian Tracking19 Sep 2023
- 2023Fast and Resource-Efficient Object Tracking on Edge Devices: A Measurement Study6 Sep 2023
- 2023Tracking without Label: Unsupervised Multiple Object Tracking via Contrastive Similarity Learning2 Sep 2023
- 2023TOPIC: A Parallel Association Paradigm for Multi-Object Tracking under Complex Motions and Diverse Scenes22 Aug 2023
50 newest of 101 All 101 (JSON)
- 2021ByteTrack: Multi-Object Tracking by Associating Every Detection Boxcited by 812
- 2022Observation-Centric SORT: Rethinking SORT for Robust Multi-Object Trackingcited by 345
- 2022BoT-SORT: Robust Associations Multi-Pedestrian Trackingcited by 313
- 2022StrongSORT: Make DeepSORT Great Againcited by 213
- 2023Deep OC-SORT: Multi-Pedestrian Tracking by Adaptive Re-Identificationcited by 130
- 2022Global Tracking Transformerscited by 110
- 2021TransMOT: Spatial-Temporal Graph Transformer for Multiple Object Trackingcited by 93
- 2022Towards Grand Unification of Object Trackingcited by 93
- 2023Referring Multi-Object Trackingcited by 91
- 2023Hybrid-SORT: Weak Cues Matter for Online Multi-Object Trackingcited by 66
- 2023MotionTrack: Learning Robust Short-term and Long-term Motions for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 64
- 2021Do Different Tracking Tasks Require Different Appearance Models?cited by 62
12 most cited of 99 All 99 (JSON)
- 2026Beyond the Survey: A Systematic Empirical Study of Detection and Association in Visual MOT14 Sep 2026
- 2026Beyond the Image Plane: World-Grounded Queries for Multi-Object Tracking1 Sep 2026
- 2026HieDG: A Hierarchical Discrete Geometry-Guided Framework for Multi-Animal Tracking1 Jul 2026
- 2026FEMOT: Multi-Object Tracking using Frame and Event Cameras12 Jun 2026
- 2026Does Appearance Help? A Systematic Study of Image-Based Re-Identification in Online 3D Multi-Pedestrian Tracking5 Jun 2026
- 2026Motion-Driven Multi-Object Tracking of Model Organisms in Space Science Experiments29 Apr 2026
- 2026STORM: End-to-End Referring Multi-Object Tracking in Videos12 Apr 2026
- 2026Occlusion-Aware SORT: Observing Occlusion for Robust Multi-Object Tracking6 Mar 2026
- 2025From Detection to Association: Learning Discriminative Object Embeddings for Multi-Object Tracking2 Dec 2025
- 2025Motion-Aware Vision-Reference Alignment for Referring Multi-Object Tracking21 Nov 2025
- 2025From Camera-Based Sensing to Reasoning: A Comprehensive Review Toward Proactive Vulnerable Road User Safety30 Sep 2025
- 2025FastTracker: Real-Time and Accurate Visual Tracking20 Aug 2025
12 newest of 99 All 99 (JSON)