PD-SORT: Occlusion-Robust Multi-Object Tracking Using Pseudo-Depth Cues
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Abstract (arXiv)
Multi-object tracking (MOT) is a rising topic in video processing technologies and has important application value in consumer electronics. Currently, tracking-by-detection (TBD) is the dominant paradigm for MOT, which performs target detection and association frame by frame. However, the association performance of TBD methods degrades in complex scenes with heavy occlusions, which hinders the application of such methods in real-world scenarios.To this end, we incorporate pseudo-depth cues to enhance the association performance and propose Pseudo-Depth SORT (PD-SORT). First, we extend the Kalman filter state vector with pseudo-depth states. Second, we introduce a novel depth volume IoU (DVIoU) by combining the conventional 2D IoU with pseudo-depth. Furthermore, we develop a quantized pseudo-depth measurement (QPDM) strategy for more robust data association. Besides, we also integrate camera motion compensation (CMC) to handle dynamic camera situations. With the above designs, PD-SORT significantly alleviates the occlusion-induced ambiguous associations and achieves leading performances on DanceTrack, MOT17, and MOT20. Note that the improvement is especially obvious on DanceTrack, where objects show complex motions, similar appearances, and frequent occlusions. The code is available at https://github.com/Wangyc2000/PD_SORT.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 40 of its 59 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Jan 2025.
Builds on
40 of 59 references.
References · 40
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- 2018YOLOv3: An Incremental Improvementcited by 2,659
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- 2021YOLOX: Exceeding YOLO Series in 2021cited by 1,071
- 2017Simple Online and Realtime Tracking with a Deep Association Metriccited by 910
- 2016Simple Online and Realtime Trackingcited by 868
- 2021ByteTrack: Multi-Object Tracking by Associating Every Detection Boxcited by 823
- 2016Performance Measures and a Data Set for Multi-Target, Multi-Camera Trackingcited by 692
- 2020HOTA: A Higher Order Metric for Evaluating Multi-Object Trackingcited by 552
- 2016MOT16: A Benchmark for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 532
- 2021TrackFormer: Multi-Object Tracking with Transformerscited by 518
28 more
- 2020FairMOT: On the Fairness of Detection and Re-Identification in Multiple Object Trackingcited by 490
- 2020Tracking Objects as Pointscited by 483
- 2021MOTR: End-to-End Multiple-Object Tracking with Transformercited by 381
- 2020TransTrack: Multiple Object Tracking with Transformercited by 371
- 2020MOT20: A benchmark for multi object tracking in crowded scenescited by 357
- 2022Observation-Centric SORT: Rethinking SORT for Robust Multi-Object Trackingcited by 346
- 2022BoT-SORT: Robust Associations Multi-Pedestrian Trackingcited by 320
- 2019Towards Real-Time Multi-Object Trackingcited by 311
- 2020Quasi-Dense Similarity Learning for Multiple Object Trackingcited by 220
- 2021DanceTrack: Multi-Object Tracking in Uniform Appearance and Diverse Motioncited by 217
- 2022StrongSORT: Make DeepSORT Great Againcited by 213
- 2020FastReID: A Pytorch Toolbox for General Instance Re-identificationcited by 166
- 2021Track to Detect and Segment: An Online Multi-Object Trackercited by 156
- 2019A Strong Baseline and Batch Normalization Neck for Deep Person Re-identificationcited by 155
- 2022MOTRv2: Bootstrapping End-to-End Multi-Object Tracking by Pretrained Object Detectorscited by 148
- 2022MeMOT: Multi-Object Tracking with Memorycited by 114
- 2022Global Tracking Transformerscited by 110
- 2020Rethinking the competition between detection and ReID in Multi-Object Trackingcited by 101
- 2021TransMOT: Spatial-Temporal Graph Transformer for Multiple Object Trackingcited by 93
- 2021EagerMOT: 3D Multi-Object Tracking via Sensor Fusioncited by 83
- 2021Multiple Object Tracking with Correlation Learningcited by 67
- 2020AB3DMOT: A Baseline for 3D Multi-Object Tracking and New Evaluation Metricscited by 63
- 2021Exploring Simple 3D Multi-Object Tracking for Autonomous Drivingcited by 56
- 2021RelationTrack: Relation-aware Multiple Object Tracking with Decoupled Representationcited by 52
- 2023SparseTrack: Multi-Object Tracking by Performing Scene Decomposition based on Pseudo-Depthcited by 48
- 2021Learnable Graph Matching: Incorporating Graph Partitioning with Deep Feature Learning for Multiple Object Trackingcited by 47
- 2022Quo Vadis: Is Trajectory Forecasting the Key Towards Long-Term Multi-Object Tracking?cited by 29
- 2021Looking Beyond Two Frames: End-to-End Multi-Object Tracking Using Spatial and Temporal Transformerscited by 21
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 2.
6 papers.
- 2025FastTracker: Real-Time and Accurate Visual Trackingcited by 4
- 2025History-Aware Transformation of ReID Features for Multiple Object Trackingcited by 2
- 2025DepTR-MOT: Unveiling the Potential of Depth-Informed Trajectory Refinement for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 2
- 2025From Detection to Association: Learning Discriminative Object Embeddings for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 1
- 2026Occlusion-Aware SORT: Observing Occlusion for Robust Multi-Object Trackingcited by 1
- 2026Seg2Track++: Probabilistic Track Validation and Data Association for Multi-Object Tracking and Segmentationcited by 0
- 2026Seg2Track++: Probabilistic Track Validation and Data Association for Multi-Object Tracking and Segmentation2 Jun 2026
- 2026Occlusion-Aware SORT: Observing Occlusion for Robust Multi-Object Tracking6 Mar 2026
- 2025From Detection to Association: Learning Discriminative Object Embeddings for Multi-Object Tracking2 Dec 2025
- 2025DepTR-MOT: Unveiling the Potential of Depth-Informed Trajectory Refinement for Multi-Object Tracking22 Sep 2025
- 2025FastTracker: Real-Time and Accurate Visual Tracking20 Aug 2025
- 2025History-Aware Transformation of ReID Features for Multiple Object Tracking16 Mar 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025GRASPTrack: Geometry-Reasoned Association via Segmentation and Projection for Multi-Object Tracking
- 2022ShaSTA: Modeling Shape and Spatio-Temporal Affinities for 3D Multi-Object Tracking
- 2023OVTrack: Open-Vocabulary Multiple Object Tracking
- 2024DiffMOT: A Real-time Diffusion-based Multiple Object Tracker with Non-linear Prediction
- 2024ConsistencyTrack: A Robust Multi-Object Tracker with a Generation Strategy of Consistency Model
- 2023DiffusionTrack: Diffusion Model For Multi-Object Tracking
- 2025S3MOT: Monocular 3D Object Tracking with Selective State Space Model
- 2024RegTrack: Simplicity Beneath Complexity in Robust Multi-Modal 3D Multi-Object Tracking