mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

PD-SORT: Occlusion-Robust Multi-Object Tracking Using Pseudo-Depth Cues

arXiv 2501.11288 ↗First posted 20 Jan 2025cs.CVcited by 6

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Abstract (arXiv)

Multi-object tracking (MOT) is a rising topic in video processing technologies and has important application value in consumer electronics. Currently, tracking-by-detection (TBD) is the dominant paradigm for MOT, which performs target detection and association frame by frame. However, the association performance of TBD methods degrades in complex scenes with heavy occlusions, which hinders the application of such methods in real-world scenarios.To this end, we incorporate pseudo-depth cues to enhance the association performance and propose Pseudo-Depth SORT (PD-SORT). First, we extend the Kalman filter state vector with pseudo-depth states. Second, we introduce a novel depth volume IoU (DVIoU) by combining the conventional 2D IoU with pseudo-depth. Furthermore, we develop a quantized pseudo-depth measurement (QPDM) strategy for more robust data association. Besides, we also integrate camera motion compensation (CMC) to handle dynamic camera situations. With the above designs, PD-SORT significantly alleviates the occlusion-induced ambiguous associations and achieves leading performances on DanceTrack, MOT17, and MOT20. Note that the improvement is especially obvious on DanceTrack, where objects show complex motions, similar appearances, and frequent occlusions. The code is available at https://github.com/Wangyc2000/PD_SORT.

Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 40 of its 59 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Jan 2025.

Builds on

40 of 59 references.

References · 40

  1. 2015Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networkscited by 9,639
  2. 2018YOLOv3: An Incremental Improvementcited by 2,659
  3. 2019Generalized Intersection over Union: A Metric and A Loss for Bounding Box Regressioncited by 1,368
  4. 2020Center-based 3D Object Detection and Trackingcited by 1,144
  5. 2021YOLOX: Exceeding YOLO Series in 2021cited by 1,071
  6. 2017Simple Online and Realtime Tracking with a Deep Association Metriccited by 910
  7. 2016Simple Online and Realtime Trackingcited by 868
  8. 2021ByteTrack: Multi-Object Tracking by Associating Every Detection Boxcited by 823
  9. 2016Performance Measures and a Data Set for Multi-Target, Multi-Camera Trackingcited by 692
  10. 2020HOTA: A Higher Order Metric for Evaluating Multi-Object Trackingcited by 552
  11. 2016MOT16: A Benchmark for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 532
  12. 2021TrackFormer: Multi-Object Tracking with Transformerscited by 518
28 more
  1. 2020FairMOT: On the Fairness of Detection and Re-Identification in Multiple Object Trackingcited by 490
  2. 2020Tracking Objects as Pointscited by 483
  3. 2021MOTR: End-to-End Multiple-Object Tracking with Transformercited by 381
  4. 2020TransTrack: Multiple Object Tracking with Transformercited by 371
  5. 2020MOT20: A benchmark for multi object tracking in crowded scenescited by 357
  6. 2022Observation-Centric SORT: Rethinking SORT for Robust Multi-Object Trackingcited by 346
  7. 2022BoT-SORT: Robust Associations Multi-Pedestrian Trackingcited by 320
  8. 2019Towards Real-Time Multi-Object Trackingcited by 311
  9. 2020Quasi-Dense Similarity Learning for Multiple Object Trackingcited by 220
  10. 2021DanceTrack: Multi-Object Tracking in Uniform Appearance and Diverse Motioncited by 217
  11. 2022StrongSORT: Make DeepSORT Great Againcited by 213
  12. 2020FastReID: A Pytorch Toolbox for General Instance Re-identificationcited by 166
  13. 2021Track to Detect and Segment: An Online Multi-Object Trackercited by 156
  14. 2019A Strong Baseline and Batch Normalization Neck for Deep Person Re-identificationcited by 155
  15. 2022MOTRv2: Bootstrapping End-to-End Multi-Object Tracking by Pretrained Object Detectorscited by 148
  16. 2022MeMOT: Multi-Object Tracking with Memorycited by 114
  17. 2022Global Tracking Transformerscited by 110
  18. 2020Rethinking the competition between detection and ReID in Multi-Object Trackingcited by 101
  19. 2021TransMOT: Spatial-Temporal Graph Transformer for Multiple Object Trackingcited by 93
  20. 2021EagerMOT: 3D Multi-Object Tracking via Sensor Fusioncited by 83
  21. 2021Multiple Object Tracking with Correlation Learningcited by 67
  22. 2020AB3DMOT: A Baseline for 3D Multi-Object Tracking and New Evaluation Metricscited by 63
  23. 2021Exploring Simple 3D Multi-Object Tracking for Autonomous Drivingcited by 56
  24. 2021RelationTrack: Relation-aware Multiple Object Tracking with Decoupled Representationcited by 52
  25. 2023SparseTrack: Multi-Object Tracking by Performing Scene Decomposition based on Pseudo-Depthcited by 48
  26. 2021Learnable Graph Matching: Incorporating Graph Partitioning with Deep Feature Learning for Multiple Object Trackingcited by 47
  27. 2022Quo Vadis: Is Trajectory Forecasting the Key Towards Long-Term Multi-Object Tracking?cited by 29
  28. 2021Looking Beyond Two Frames: End-to-End Multi-Object Tracking Using Spatial and Temporal Transformerscited by 21

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 2.

6 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025GRASPTrack: Geometry-Reasoned Association via Segmentation and Projection for Multi-Object Tracking
  2. 2022ShaSTA: Modeling Shape and Spatio-Temporal Affinities for 3D Multi-Object Tracking
  3. 2023OVTrack: Open-Vocabulary Multiple Object Tracking
  4. 2024DiffMOT: A Real-time Diffusion-based Multiple Object Tracker with Non-linear Prediction
  5. 2024ConsistencyTrack: A Robust Multi-Object Tracker with a Generation Strategy of Consistency Model
  6. 2023DiffusionTrack: Diffusion Model For Multi-Object Tracking
  7. 2025S3MOT: Monocular 3D Object Tracking with Selective State Space Model
  8. 2024RegTrack: Simplicity Beneath Complexity in Robust Multi-Modal 3D Multi-Object Tracking