EchoTrack: Auditory Referring Multi-Object Tracking for Autonomous Driving
On the map: End-to-end autonomous driving → VLMs for autonomous driving
Abstract (arXiv)
This paper introduces the task of Auditory Referring Multi-Object Tracking (AR-MOT), which dynamically tracks specific objects in a video sequence based on audio expressions and appears as a challenging problem in autonomous driving. Due to the lack of semantic modeling capacity in audio and video, existing works have mainly focused on text-based multi-object tracking, which often comes at the cost of tracking quality, interaction efficiency, and even the safety of assistance systems, limiting the application of such methods in autonomous driving. In this paper, we delve into the problem of AR-MOT from the perspective of audio-video fusion and audio-video tracking. We put forward EchoTrack, an end-to-end AR-MOT framework with dual-stream vision transformers. The dual streams are intertwined with our Bidirectional Frequency-domain Cross-attention Fusion Module (Bi-FCFM), which bidirectionally fuses audio and video features from both frequency- and spatiotemporal domains. Moreover, we propose the Audio-visual Contrastive Tracking Learning (ACTL) regime to extract homogeneous semantic features between expressions and visual objects by learning homogeneous features between different audio and video objects effectively. Aside from the architectural design, we establish the first set of large-scale AR-MOT benchmarks, including Echo-KITTI, Echo-KITTI+, and Echo-BDD. Extensive experiments on the established benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed EchoTrack and its components. The source code and datasets are available at https://github.com/lab206/EchoTrack.
Key facts. Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in VLMs for autonomous driving, one of 9 directions in End-to-end autonomous driving. Builds on 56 of its 90 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Feb 2024.
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- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
- 2020Deformable DETR: Deformable Transformers for End-to-End Object Detectioncited by 3,410
- 2021HuBERT: Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learning by Masked Prediction of Hidden Unitscited by 2,301
- 2018BDD100K: A Diverse Driving Dataset for Heterogeneous Multitask Learningcited by 1,282
- 2021YOLOX: Exceeding YOLO Series in 2021cited by 1,064
- 2017Simple Online and Realtime Tracking with a Deep Association Metriccited by 908
- 2021ByteTrack: Multi-Object Tracking by Associating Every Detection Boxcited by 812
- 2020HOTA: A Higher Order Metric for Evaluating Multi-Object Trackingcited by 546
- 2023Segment Everything Everywhere All at Oncecited by 546
- 2016MOT16: A Benchmark for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 531
- 2021TrackFormer: Multi-Object Tracking with Transformerscited by 515
- 2021MOTR: End-to-End Multiple-Object Tracking with Transformercited by 379
38 more
- 2020TransTrack: Multiple Object Tracking with Transformercited by 370
- 2023MeViS: A Large-scale Benchmark for Video Segmentation with Motion Expressionscited by 225
- 2020Multi-task Collaborative Network for Joint Referring Expression Comprehension and Segmentationcited by 204
- 2023Universal Instance Perception as Object Discovery and Retrievalcited by 190
- 2018Learning to Localize Sound Source in Visual Scenescited by 188
- 2021Localizing Visual Sounds the Hard Waycited by 169
- 2022Audio-Visual Segmentationcited by 148
- 2022MOTRv2: Bootstrapping End-to-End Multi-Object Tracking by Pretrained Object Detectorscited by 148
- 2023PolyFormer: Referring Image Segmentation as Sequential Polygon Generationcited by 147
- 2020Multiple Sound Sources Localization from Coarse to Finecited by 118
- 2020GNN3DMOT: Graph Neural Network for 3D Multi-Object Tracking with Multi-Feature Learningcited by 113
- 2022MeMOT: Multi-Object Tracking with Memorycited by 113
- 2022Global Tracking Transformerscited by 110
- 2018Actor and Action Video Segmentation from a Sentencecited by 105
- 2020Rethinking the competition between detection and ReID in Multi-Object Trackingcited by 101
- 2023Referring Multi-Object Trackingcited by 91
- 2023MeMOTR: Long-Term Memory-Augmented Transformer for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 86
- 2018Deep Affinity Network for Multiple Object Trackingcited by 82
- 2019Spatial-Temporal Relation Networks for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 74
- 2021SiamMOT: Siamese Multi-Object Trackingcited by 62
- 2023Towards Unified Token Learning for Vision-Language Trackingcited by 62
- 2021RelationTrack: Relation-aware Multiple Object Tracking with Decoupled Representationcited by 52
- 2021Efficient Visual Tracking with Exemplar Transformerscited by 48
- 2023Spectrum-guided Multi-granularity Referring Video Object Segmentationcited by 48
- 2023Multimodal Variational Auto-encoder based Audio-Visual Segmentationcited by 37
- 2020Probabilistic Tracklet Scoring and Inpainting for Multiple Object Trackingcited by 36
- 2022Towards Discriminative Representation: Multi-view Trajectory Contrastive Learning for Online Multi-object Trackingcited by 33
- 2023iKUN: Speak to Trackers without Retrainingcited by 31
- 2023Sound Source Localization is All about Cross-Modal Alignmentcited by 30
- 2021CityFlow-NL: Tracking and Retrieval of Vehicles at City Scale by Natural Language Descriptionscited by 26
- 2021Track without Appearance: Learn Box and Tracklet Embedding with Local and Global Motion Patterns for Vehicle Trackingcited by 26
- 2020GCNNMatch: Graph Convolutional Neural Networks for Multi-Object Tracking via Sinkhorn Normalizationcited by 25
- 2023Type-to-Track: Retrieve Any Object via Prompt-based Trackingcited by 24
- 2023FFT-based Dynamic Token Mixer for Visioncited by 22
- 2023Bridging the Gap Between End-to-end and Non-End-to-end Multi-Object Trackingcited by 20
- 2021Split and Connect: A Universal Tracklet Booster for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 17
- 2021HIDA: Towards Holistic Indoor Understanding for the Visually Impaired via Semantic Instance Segmentation with a Wearable Solid-State LiDAR Sensorcited by 9
- 2022PatchTrack: Multiple Object Tracking Using Frame Patchescited by 5
50 most cited of 55 All 55 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 7; 2026: 8.
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- 2025MeViS: A Multi-Modal Dataset for Referring Motion Expression Video Segmentationcited by 34
- 2025Multimodal Referring Segmentation: A Surveycited by 22
- 2024Bootstrapping Referring Multi-Object Trackingcited by 21
- 2024Referring Atomic Video Action Recognitioncited by 16
- 2025ReferGPT: Towards Zero-Shot Referring Multi-Object Trackingcited by 10
- 2025Cognitive Disentanglement for Referring Multi-Object Trackingcited by 6
- 2025Motion-Aware Vision-Reference Alignment for Referring Multi-Object Trackingcited by 3
- 2024Global-Local Distillation Network-Based Audio-Visual Speaker Tracking with Incomplete Modalitiescited by 0
- 2025RefAtomNet++: Advancing Referring Atomic Video Action Recognition using Semantic Retrieval based Multi-Trajectory Mambacited by 0
- 2025Cross-modal Context-aware Learning for Visual Prompt Guided Multimodal Image Understanding in Remote Sensingcited by 0
- 2026Scene Graph-guided SegCaptioning Transformer with Fine-grained Alignment for Controllable Video Segmentation and Captioningcited by 0
- 2026STORM: End-to-End Referring Multi-Object Tracking in Videoscited by 0
6 more
- 2026COAL: Counterfactual and Observation-Enhanced Alignment Learning for Discriminative Referring Multi-Object Trackingcited by 0
- 2026Learning to Label: A Reinforced Self-Evolving Framework for Semi-supervised Referring Expression Segmentationcited by 0
- 2026FeVOS: Foresight Expression Video Object Segmentationcited by 0
- 2026CD-RMOT-Bench: Benchmarking the Cross-Domain Referring Multi-Object Trackingcited by 0
- 2026A Collaborative Multi-Modality Interaction for VLA-based End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
- 2026YesTrack: Referring Multi-Object Tracking via MLLM-based Yes/No Verificationcited by 0
- 2026YesTrack: Referring Multi-Object Tracking via MLLM-based Yes/No Verification2 Sep 2026
- 2026A Collaborative Multi-Modality Interaction for VLA-based End-to-End Autonomous Driving21 Aug 2026
- 2026CD-RMOT-Bench: Benchmarking the Cross-Domain Referring Multi-Object Tracking28 Jul 2026
- 2026FeVOS: Foresight Expression Video Object Segmentation24 Jun 2026
- 2026Learning to Label: A Reinforced Self-Evolving Framework for Semi-supervised Referring Expression Segmentation27 May 2026
- 2026COAL: Counterfactual and Observation-Enhanced Alignment Learning for Discriminative Referring Multi-Object Tracking14 May 2026
- 2026STORM: End-to-End Referring Multi-Object Tracking in Videos12 Apr 2026
- 2026Scene Graph-guided SegCaptioning Transformer with Fine-grained Alignment for Controllable Video Segmentation and Captioning21 Mar 2026
- 2025Cross-modal Context-aware Learning for Visual Prompt Guided Multimodal Image Understanding in Remote Sensing12 Dec 2025
- 2025MeViS: A Multi-Modal Dataset for Referring Motion Expression Video Segmentation11 Dec 2025
- 2025Motion-Aware Vision-Reference Alignment for Referring Multi-Object Tracking21 Nov 2025
- 2025RefAtomNet++: Advancing Referring Atomic Video Action Recognition using Semantic Retrieval based Multi-Trajectory Mamba18 Oct 2025
6 more
- 2025Multimodal Referring Segmentation: A Survey1 Aug 2025
- 2025ReferGPT: Towards Zero-Shot Referring Multi-Object Tracking12 Apr 2025
- 2025Cognitive Disentanglement for Referring Multi-Object Tracking14 Mar 2025
- 2024Global-Local Distillation Network-Based Audio-Visual Speaker Tracking with Incomplete Modalities26 Aug 2024
- 2024Referring Atomic Video Action Recognition2 Jul 2024
- 2024Bootstrapping Referring Multi-Object Tracking7 Jun 2024
- 2025MeViS: A Multi-Modal Dataset for Referring Motion Expression Video Segmentationcited by 34
- 2025Multimodal Referring Segmentation: A Surveycited by 22
- 2024Bootstrapping Referring Multi-Object Trackingcited by 21
- 2024Referring Atomic Video Action Recognitioncited by 16
- 2025ReferGPT: Towards Zero-Shot Referring Multi-Object Trackingcited by 10
- 2025Cognitive Disentanglement for Referring Multi-Object Trackingcited by 6
- 2025Motion-Aware Vision-Reference Alignment for Referring Multi-Object Trackingcited by 3
- 2024Global-Local Distillation Network-Based Audio-Visual Speaker Tracking with Incomplete Modalitiescited by 0
- 2026Scene Graph-guided SegCaptioning Transformer with Fine-grained Alignment for Controllable Video Segmentation and Captioningcited by 0
- 2026STORM: End-to-End Referring Multi-Object Tracking in Videoscited by 0
- 2026COAL: Counterfactual and Observation-Enhanced Alignment Learning for Discriminative Referring Multi-Object Trackingcited by 0
- 2026CD-RMOT-Bench: Benchmarking the Cross-Domain Referring Multi-Object Trackingcited by 0
12 most cited of 13 All 13 (JSON)
- 2026YesTrack: Referring Multi-Object Tracking via MLLM-based Yes/No Verification2 Sep 2026
- 2026CD-RMOT-Bench: Benchmarking the Cross-Domain Referring Multi-Object Tracking28 Jul 2026
- 2026COAL: Counterfactual and Observation-Enhanced Alignment Learning for Discriminative Referring Multi-Object Tracking14 May 2026
- 2026STORM: End-to-End Referring Multi-Object Tracking in Videos12 Apr 2026
- 2026Scene Graph-guided SegCaptioning Transformer with Fine-grained Alignment for Controllable Video Segmentation and Captioning21 Mar 2026
- 2025MeViS: A Multi-Modal Dataset for Referring Motion Expression Video Segmentation11 Dec 2025
- 2025Motion-Aware Vision-Reference Alignment for Referring Multi-Object Tracking21 Nov 2025
- 2025Multimodal Referring Segmentation: A Survey1 Aug 2025
- 2025ReferGPT: Towards Zero-Shot Referring Multi-Object Tracking12 Apr 2025
- 2025Cognitive Disentanglement for Referring Multi-Object Tracking14 Mar 2025
- 2024Global-Local Distillation Network-Based Audio-Visual Speaker Tracking with Incomplete Modalities26 Aug 2024
- 2024Referring Atomic Video Action Recognition2 Jul 2024
12 newest of 13 All 13 (JSON)
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2023OVTrack: Open-Vocabulary Multiple Object Tracking
- 2026QTrack: Query-Driven Reasoning for Multi-modal MOT
- 2024IP-MOT: Instance Prompt Learning for Cross-Domain Multi-Object Tracking
- 2026ReferTrack: Referring Then Tracking for Embodied Visual Tracking
- 2025VSE-MOT: Multi-Object Tracking in Low-Quality Video Scenes Guided by Visual Semantic Enhancement
- 2022Generalizing Multiple Object Tracking to Unseen Domains by Introducing Natural Language Representation
- 2023DiffusionTrack: Diffusion Model For Multi-Object Tracking
- 2025DM3T: Harmonizing Modalities via Diffusion for Multi-Object Tracking