Visual Multi-Object Tracking with Re-Identification and Occlusion Handling using Labeled Random Finite Sets
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Abstract (arXiv)
This paper proposes an online visual multi-object tracking (MOT) algorithm that resolves object appearance-reappearance and occlusion. Our solution is based on the labeled random finite set (LRFS) filtering approach, which in principle, addresses disappearance, appearance, reappearance, and occlusion via a single Bayesian recursion. However, in practice, existing numerical approximations cause reappearing objects to be initialized as new tracks, especially after long periods of being undetected. In occlusion handling, the filter's efficacy is dictated by trade-offs between the sophistication of the occlusion model and computational demand. Our contribution is a novel modeling method that exploits object features to address reappearing objects whilst maintaining a linear complexity in the number of detections. Moreover, to improve the filter's occlusion handling, we propose a fuzzy detection model that takes into consideration the overlapping areas between tracks and their sizes. We also develop a fast version of the filter to further reduce the computational time. The source code is publicly available at https://github.com/linh-gist/mv-glmb-ab.
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 18 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Jul 2024.
Builds on
18 of 42 references.
References · 18
- 2019Generalized Intersection over Union: A Metric and A Loss for Bounding Box Regressioncited by 1,361
- 2017Simple Online and Realtime Tracking with a Deep Association Metriccited by 908
- 2016Simple Online and Realtime Trackingcited by 862
- 2021ByteTrack: Multi-Object Tracking by Associating Every Detection Boxcited by 812
- 2016Performance Measures and a Data Set for Multi-Target, Multi-Camera Trackingcited by 685
- 2020HOTA: A Higher Order Metric for Evaluating Multi-Object Trackingcited by 546
- 2016MOT16: A Benchmark for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 531
- 2020FairMOT: On the Fairness of Detection and Re-Identification in Multiple Object Trackingcited by 489
- 2020MOT20: A benchmark for multi object tracking in crowded scenescited by 355
- 2019Towards Real-Time Multi-Object Trackingcited by 311
- 2021Track to Detect and Segment: An Online Multi-Object Trackercited by 156
- 2020Rethinking the competition between detection and ReID in Multi-Object Trackingcited by 101
6 more
- 2018Real-time Multiple People Tracking with Deeply Learned Candidate Selection and Person Re-Identificationcited by 96
- 2016POI: Multiple Object Tracking with High Performance Detection and Appearance Featurecited by 74
- 2020How Trustworthy are Performance Evaluations for Basic Vision Tasks?cited by 14
- 2016Online Visual Multi-Object Tracking via Labeled Random Finite Set Filteringcited by 6
- 2022Kinematics Modeling Network for Video-based Human Pose Estimationcited by 2
- 2015Multi-Target Tracking and Occlusion Handling with Learned Variational Bayesian Clusters and a Social Force Modelcited by 1
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 5; 2026: 3.
11 papers.
- 20243D Multi-Object Tracking Employing MS-GLMB Filter for Autonomous Drivingcited by 2
- 2024FACT: Feature Adaptive Continual-learning Tracker for Multiple Object Trackingcited by 0
- 2024Tracking by Detection and Query: An Efficient End-to-End Framework for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 0
- 2025Model-based Multi-object Visual Tracking: Identification and Standard Model Limitationscited by 0
- 2025VSE-MOT: Multi-Object Tracking in Low-Quality Video Scenes Guided by Visual Semantic Enhancementcited by 0
- 2025SWIR-LightFusion: Multi-spectral Semantic Fusion of Synthetic SWIR with Thermal IR (LWIR/MWIR) and RGBcited by 0
- 20253D Ground Truth Reconstruction from Multi-Camera Annotations Using UKFcited by 0
- 2025A Low-Code Methodology for Developing AI Kiosks: a Case Study with the DIZEST Platformcited by 0
- 2026Incremental Optimal Assignment for Real-Time Crowd Trackingcited by 0
- 2026Fine-Grained Visual Preprocessing and Dual-Stream Temporal Modeling for Multimodal Sentiment Analysis on Social Mediacited by 0
- 2026Beyond the Survey: A Systematic Empirical Study of Detection and Association in Visual MOTcited by 0
- 2026Beyond the Survey: A Systematic Empirical Study of Detection and Association in Visual MOT14 Sep 2026
- 2026Fine-Grained Visual Preprocessing and Dual-Stream Temporal Modeling for Multimodal Sentiment Analysis on Social Media7 Sep 2026
- 2026Incremental Optimal Assignment for Real-Time Crowd Tracking23 Jul 2026
- 2025A Low-Code Methodology for Developing AI Kiosks: a Case Study with the DIZEST Platform22 Nov 2025
- 20253D Ground Truth Reconstruction from Multi-Camera Annotations Using UKF18 Nov 2025
- 2025SWIR-LightFusion: Multi-spectral Semantic Fusion of Synthetic SWIR with Thermal IR (LWIR/MWIR) and RGB15 Oct 2025
- 2025VSE-MOT: Multi-Object Tracking in Low-Quality Video Scenes Guided by Visual Semantic Enhancement17 Sep 2025
- 2025Model-based Multi-object Visual Tracking: Identification and Standard Model Limitations19 Aug 2025
- 2024Tracking by Detection and Query: An Efficient End-to-End Framework for Multi-Object Tracking9 Nov 2024
- 20243D Multi-Object Tracking Employing MS-GLMB Filter for Autonomous Driving19 Oct 2024
- 2024FACT: Feature Adaptive Continual-learning Tracker for Multiple Object Tracking12 Sep 2024