Weakly Supervised Training of Monocular 3D Object Detectors Using Wide Baseline Multi-view Traffic Camera Data
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Accurate 7DoF prediction of vehicles at an intersection is an important task for assessing potential conflicts between road users. In principle, this could be achieved by a single camera system that is capable of detecting the pose of each vehicle but this would require a large, accurately labelled dataset from which to train the detector. Although large vehicle pose datasets exist (ostensibly developed for autonomous vehicles), we find training on these datasets inadequate. These datasets contain images from a ground level viewpoint, whereas an ideal view for intersection observation would be elevated higher above the road surface. We develop an alternative approach using a weakly supervised method of fine tuning 3D object detectors for traffic observation cameras; showing in the process that large existing autonomous vehicle datasets can be leveraged for pre-training. To fine-tune the monocular 3D object detector, our method utilises multiple 2D detections from overlapping, wide-baseline views and a loss that encodes the subjacent geometric consistency. Our method achieves vehicle 7DoF pose prediction accuracy on our dataset comparable to the top performing monocular 3D object detectors on autonomous vehicle datasets. We present our training methodology, multi-view reprojection loss, and dataset.
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 21 of its 40 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Oct 2021.
Builds on
21 of 40 references.
References · 21
- 2019nuScenes: A multimodal dataset for autonomous drivingcited by 4,523
- 2019Objects as Pointscited by 1,175
- 2020Tracking Objects as Pointscited by 483
- 2017Deep Layer Aggregationcited by 436
- 2016Unsupervised CNN for Single View Depth Estimation: Geometry to the Rescuecited by 368
- 20163D Bounding Box Estimation Using Deep Learning and Geometrycited by 278
- 2019M3D-RPN: Monocular 3D Region Proposal Network for Object Detectioncited by 252
- 2017Hand Keypoint Detection in Single Images using Multiview Bootstrappingcited by 231
- 2019Disentangling Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 217
- 2020SMOKE: Single-Stage Monocular 3D Object Detection via Keypoint Estimationcited by 204
- 2019Learning Depth-Guided Convolutions for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 169
- 2020RTM3D: Real-time Monocular 3D Detection from Object Keypoints for Autonomous Drivingcited by 150
9 more
- 2019GS3D: An Efficient 3D Object Detection Framework for Autonomous Drivingcited by 106
- 2017Deep MANTA: A Coarse-to-fine Many-Task Network for joint 2D and 3D vehicle analysis from monocular imagecited by 95
- 2018Learning Monocular 3D Human Pose Estimation from Multi-view Imagescited by 70
- 2019Deep Fitting Degree Scoring Network for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 67
- 2020Weakly-Supervised 3D Human Pose Learning via Multi-view Images in the Wildcited by 66
- 2019Monocular 3D Object Detection via Geometric Reasoning on Keypointscited by 31
- 2019Monocular 3D Object Detection and Box Fitting Trained End-to-End Using Intersection-over-Union Losscited by 30
- 2019Shift R-CNN: Deep Monocular 3D Object Detection with Closed-Form Geometric Constraintscited by 25
- 2021MonoGRNet: A General Framework for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 20
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 5; 2024: 4; 2025: 1.
11 papers.
- 2022V2X-Sim: Multi-Agent Collaborative Perception Dataset and Benchmark for Autonomous Drivingcited by 157
- 2023V2X-Seq: A Large-Scale Sequential Dataset for Vehicle-Infrastructure Cooperative Perception and Forecastingcited by 114
- 2023Collaborative Perception in Autonomous Driving: Methods, Datasets and Challengescited by 87
- 2024A Survey on Autonomous Driving Datasets: Statistics, Annotation Quality, and a Future Outlookcited by 66
- 2023Towards Vehicle-to-everything Autonomous Driving: A Survey on Collaborative Perceptioncited by 38
- 2023DUSA: Decoupled Unsupervised Sim2Real Adaptation for Vehicle-to-Everything Collaborative Perceptioncited by 17
- 2025Collaborative Perception Datasets for Autonomous Driving: A Reviewcited by 8
- 2024Collective Perception Datasets for Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 4
- 2023Communication-Critical Planning via Multi-Agent Trajectory Exchangecited by 2
- 2024InScope: A New Real-world 3D Infrastructure-side Collaborative Perception Dataset for Open Traffic Scenarioscited by 2
- 2024Cooperative Visual-LiDAR Extrinsic Calibration Technology for Intersection Vehicle-Infrastructure: A reviewcited by 1
- 2025Collaborative Perception Datasets for Autonomous Driving: A Review17 Apr 2025
- 2024InScope: A New Real-world 3D Infrastructure-side Collaborative Perception Dataset for Open Traffic Scenarios31 Jul 2024
- 2024Collective Perception Datasets for Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Review27 May 2024
- 2024Cooperative Visual-LiDAR Extrinsic Calibration Technology for Intersection Vehicle-Infrastructure: A review16 May 2024
- 2024A Survey on Autonomous Driving Datasets: Statistics, Annotation Quality, and a Future Outlook2 Jan 2024
- 2023DUSA: Decoupled Unsupervised Sim2Real Adaptation for Vehicle-to-Everything Collaborative Perception12 Oct 2023
- 2023Towards Vehicle-to-everything Autonomous Driving: A Survey on Collaborative Perception31 Aug 2023
- 2023V2X-Seq: A Large-Scale Sequential Dataset for Vehicle-Infrastructure Cooperative Perception and Forecasting10 May 2023
- 2023Communication-Critical Planning via Multi-Agent Trajectory Exchange10 Mar 2023
- 2023Collaborative Perception in Autonomous Driving: Methods, Datasets and Challenges16 Jan 2023
- 2022V2X-Sim: Multi-Agent Collaborative Perception Dataset and Benchmark for Autonomous Driving17 Feb 2022