Deep Learning for Person Re-identification: A Survey and Outlook
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Person re-identification (Re-ID) aims at retrieving a person of interest across multiple non-overlapping cameras. With the advancement of deep neural networks and increasing demand of intelligent video surveillance, it has gained significantly increased interest in the computer vision community. By dissecting the involved components in developing a person Re-ID system, we categorize it into the closed-world and open-world settings. The widely studied closed-world setting is usually applied under various research-oriented assumptions, and has achieved inspiring success using deep learning techniques on a number of datasets. We first conduct a comprehensive overview with in-depth analysis for closed-world person Re-ID from three different perspectives, including deep feature representation learning, deep metric learning and ranking optimization. With the performance saturation under closed-world setting, the research focus for person Re-ID has recently shifted to the open-world setting, facing more challenging issues. This setting is closer to practical applications under specific scenarios. We summarize the open-world Re-ID in terms of five different aspects. By analyzing the advantages of existing methods, we design a powerful AGW baseline, achieving state-of-the-art or at least comparable performance on twelve datasets for FOUR different Re-ID tasks. Meanwhile, we introduce a new evaluation metric (mINP) for person Re-ID, indicating the cost for finding all the correct matches, which provides an additional criteria to evaluate the Re-ID system for real applications. Finally, some important yet under-investigated open issues are discussed.
Key facts. Cited by 549 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 13 Jan 2020.
Builds on
No reference list yet.
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 82; 2022: 87; 2023: 109; 2024: 125; 2025: 87; 2026: 59.
549 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2021TransReID: Transformer-based Object Re-Identificationcited by 435
- 2023Meta-Transformer: A Unified Framework for Multimodal Learningcited by 136
- 2021Fine-Grained Image Analysis with Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 135
- 2023Cross-Modal Implicit Relation Reasoning and Aligning for Text-to-Image Person Retrievalcited by 132
- 2022Gait Recognition in the Wild with Dense 3D Representations and A Benchmarkcited by 114
- 2023Advancing Pose-Guided Image Synthesis with Progressive Conditional Diffusion Modelscited by 104
- 2023Beyond Appearance: a Semantic Controllable Self-Supervised Learning Framework for Human-Centric Visual Taskscited by 96
- 2024Deep Multimodal Learning with Missing Modality: A Surveycited by 92
- 2023Diverse Embedding Expansion Network and Low-Light Cross-Modality Benchmark for Visible-Infrared Person Re-identificationcited by 79
- 2022Disentangled Representation Learning for Text-Video Retrievalcited by 77
- 2021Learning by Aligning: Visible-Infrared Person Re-identification using Cross-Modal Correspondencescited by 66
- 2022Body Part-Based Representation Learning for Occluded Person Re-Identificationcited by 64
38 more
- 2022Part-based Pseudo Label Refinement for Unsupervised Person Re-identificationcited by 59
- 2021Person Re-identification Method Based on Color Attack and Joint Defencecited by 56
- 2021Deep Gait Recognition: A Surveycited by 54
- 2021Text-Based Person Search with Limited Datacited by 54
- 2021IDM: An Intermediate Domain Module for Domain Adaptive Person Re-IDcited by 51
- 2021Neural Feature Search for RGB-Infrared Person Re-Identificationcited by 50
- 2021GiT: Graph Interactive Transformer for Vehicle Re-identificationcited by 49
- 2021Large-Scale Spatio-Temporal Person Re-identification: Algorithms and Benchmarkcited by 47
- 2023Instruct-ReID: A Multi-purpose Person Re-identification Task with Instructionscited by 46
- 2024Cross-Modality Perturbation Synergy Attack for Person Re-identificationcited by 45
- 2021Eliminate Deviation with Deviation for Data Augmentation and a General Multi-modal Data Learning Methodcited by 42
- 2022Learning Progressive Modality-shared Transformers for Effective Visible-Infrared Person Re-identificationcited by 40
- 2023Shape-Erased Feature Learning for Visible-Infrared Person Re-Identificationcited by 38
- 2023An Empirical Study of CLIP for Text-based Person Searchcited by 38
- 2024KeyPoint Relative Position Encoding for Face Recognitioncited by 38
- 2021Graph Sampling Based Deep Metric Learning for Generalizable Person Re-Identificationcited by 37
- 2022DeepSportradar-v1: Computer Vision Dataset for Sports Understanding with High Quality Annotationscited by 37
- 2024Magic Tokens: Select Diverse Tokens for Multi-modal Object Re-Identificationcited by 35
- 2021Open-world Machine Learning: Applications, Challenges, and Opportunitiescited by 34
- 2023Learning Clothing and Pose Invariant 3D Shape Representation for Long-Term Person Re-Identificationcited by 34
- 2023Towards Unified Deep Image Deraining: A Survey and A New Benchmarkcited by 34
- 2023TOP-ReID: Multi-spectral Object Re-Identification with Token Permutationcited by 32
- 2022Dynamic Prototype Mask for Occluded Person Re-Identificationcited by 30
- 2024DeMo: Decoupled Feature-Based Mixture of Experts for Multi-Modal Object Re-Identificationcited by 29
- 2021A Video Is Worth Three Views: Trigeminal Transformers for Video-based Person Re-identificationcited by 28
- 2022SoccerNet 2022 Challenges Resultscited by 28
- 2023FarSight: A Physics-Driven Whole-Body Biometric System at Large Distance and Altitudecited by 27
- 2023Modality Unifying Network for Visible-Infrared Person Re-Identificationcited by 27
- 2024Multi-Memory Matching for Unsupervised Visible-Infrared Person Re-Identificationcited by 27
- 2022PSTR: End-to-End One-Step Person Search With Transformerscited by 26
- 2024Image Compression for Machine and Human Vision with Spatial-Frequency Adaptationcited by 26
- 2022Learning Modal-Invariant and Temporal-Memory for Video-based Visible-Infrared Person Re-Identificationcited by 25
- 2022Toward 3D Spatial Reasoning for Human-like Text-based Visual Question Answeringcited by 25
- 2022AcroFOD: An Adaptive Method for Cross-domain Few-shot Object Detectioncited by 25
- 2024Implicit Discriminative Knowledge Learning for Visible-Infrared Person Re-Identificationcited by 25
- 2021Complementary Pseudo Labels For Unsupervised Domain Adaptation On Person Re-identificationcited by 23
- 2021Deep Metric Learning for Few-Shot Image Classification: A Review of Recent Developmentscited by 23
- 2021Deep learning-based person re-identification methods: A survey and outlook of recent workscited by 23
50 most cited of 549 All 549 (JSON)
- 20263D-VITAL: Visibility-aware Identity Training from Artificial Liftings of 3D Reconstruction model for Cross-View Object Re-Identification12 Oct 2026
- 2026Beyond a Single Crop: Contextualized Embeddings for Player Re-Identification9 Oct 2026
- 2026Semantic Modality Compensation for Unsupervised Visible-Infrared Person Re-identification under Unpaired Settings28 Sep 2026
- 2026Re:Cognize -- Open-Set Comic Character Re-Identification27 Sep 2026
- 2026Towards Identifiable Representations under Misspecified Structure27 Sep 2026
- 2026MIRAGE: Full-Body Bystander Privacy for Smart Glasses with Consent-Based Restoration21 Sep 2026
- 2026Generative Retrieval for Unsupervised Text-Based Person Search11 Sep 2026
- 2026YesTrack: Referring Multi-Object Tracking via MLLM-based Yes/No Verification2 Sep 2026
- 2026Robust retinal biometrics for patient identity verification and retrieval across age and imaging devices31 Aug 2026
- 2026A-PAIR: A Benchmark and Identity-Consistent Grounding Framework for Air-Ground Cross-View Referring Person Detection28 Aug 2026
- 2026Multi-scale Decomposed Convolution Refinement Network for Visible-Infrared Person Re-Identification17 Aug 2026
- 2026Dual-Space Modality Consistency Learning for Universal Cross-Modal Re-Identification7 Aug 2026
38 more
- 2026Geometry Beats Estimated Depth: RGB-Only Multi-Camera 3D Tracking under Sim2Real4 Aug 2026
- 2026Illuminating Visual Identity in Universal Multimodal Embeddings3 Aug 2026
- 2026Multi-Modal Object Re-Identification with Dual Semantic Guidance and Global-Local Mutual Modulation31 Jul 2026
- 2026ANFI: Rethinking Neighbor Feature Interaction in Person Re-ID28 Jul 2026
- 2026Multi-Modal Object Re-Identification with Prompt-S6 and Semantic-Aware Knowledge Guidance26 Jul 2026
- 2026Achieving Text-based Person Retrieval with Any Granularity23 Jul 2026
- 2026Reliability-Aware 3D Geometric Injection for Universal Person Re-identification21 Jul 2026
- 2026Dual-Edged Homogeneous-Modality Similarity: Towards Visible-Infrared Modality-Incomplete Person Re-Identification with Modality Adaptive Matching21 Jul 2026
- 2026VLA-ReID: Video-Level Association for Re-Identification in Multi-Object Tracking with Highly Similar Objects19 Jul 2026
- 2026Structural-Semantic Reciprocal Learning for Unsupervised Visible-Infrared Person Re-Identification16 Jul 2026
- 2026Probing Identity-Specific Motion Signatures: A Controlled Diagnostic Study3 Jul 2026
- 2026Cross-Resolution Semantic Transfer for Robust Text-to-Image Retrieval in Low-Resolution Surveillance29 Jun 2026
- 2026Privacy-Preserving Person Re-Identification from Temporal Sequences with Transformer and Hungarian Optimization22 Jun 2026
- 2026FUSE: Frequency-domain Unification and Spectral Energy Alignment for Multi-modal Object Re-Identification18 Jun 2026
- 2026ReGenHuman: Re-Generating Human Appearances for Realistic Full-Body Video Anonymization12 Jun 2026
- 2026Bridging Day and Night: Unsupervised Cross-Domain Re-Identification with Synergistic Prompt and Prototype Learning10 Jun 2026
- 2026MFEN:Multi-Frequency Expert Network for Visible-Infrared Person Re-ID10 Jun 2026
- 2026Generalization Limits in Vehicle Re-Identification1 Jun 2026
- 2026Mining Multi-Modality Spatio-Temporal Cues for Video Important Person Identification27 May 2026
- 2026GeoMamba: A Geometry-driven MambaVision Framework and Dataset for Fine-grained Optical-SAR Object Retrieval19 May 2026
- 2026View-Aware Semantic Alignment for Aerial-Ground Person Re-Identification18 May 2026
- 2026DPM++: Dynamic Masked Metric Learning for Occluded Person Re-identification7 May 2026
- 2026ICPR 2026 Competition on Privacy-Preserving Person Re-Identification from Top-View RGB-Depth Camera (TVRID)6 May 2026
- 20263D-LENS: A 3D Lifting-based Elevated Novel-view Synthesis method for Single-View Aerial-Ground Re-Identification29 Apr 2026
- 2026CO-EVO: Co-evolving Semantic Anchoring and Style Diversification for Federated DG-ReID29 Apr 2026
- 2026From Global to Local: Rethinking CLIP Feature Aggregation for Person Re-Identification24 Apr 2026
- 2026Temporal Prototyping and Hierarchical Alignment for Unsupervised Video-based Visible-Infrared Person Re-Identification23 Apr 2026
- 2026Thinking Before Matching: A Reinforcement Reasoning Paradigm Towards General Person Re-Identification21 Apr 2026
- 2026Causal Bootstrapped Alignment for Unsupervised Video-Based Visible-Infrared Person Re-Identification17 Apr 2026
- 2026ARGOS: Who, Where, and When in Agentic Multi-Camera Person Search14 Apr 2026
- 2026ID-Sim: An Identity-Focused Similarity Metric6 Apr 2026
- 2026Scale-Aware Vision-Language Adaptation for Extreme Far-Distance Video Person Re-identification5 Apr 2026
- 2026CMCC-ReID: Cross-Modality Clothing-Change Person Re-Identification3 Apr 2026
- 2026Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Consistency progressive Re-ranking for Visible-Infrared Person Re-identification17 Mar 2026
- 2026BIT: Matching-based Bi-directional Interaction Transformation Network for Visible-Infrared Person Re-Identification15 Mar 2026
- 2026SDF-Net: Structure-Aware Disentangled Feature Learning for Opticall-SAR Ship Re-identification13 Mar 2026
- 2026FedARKS: Federated Aggregation via Robust and Discriminative Knowledge Selection and Integration for Person Re-identification6 Mar 2026
- 2026CityGuard: Graph-Aware Private Descriptors for Bias-Resilient Identity Search Across Urban Cameras20 Feb 2026
50 newest of 549 All 549 (JSON)
- 2023Advancing Pose-Guided Image Synthesis with Progressive Conditional Diffusion Modelscited by 104
- 2024Synthesizing Efficient Data with Diffusion Models for Person Re-Identification Pre-Trainingcited by 11
- 2024DLCR: A Generative Data Expansion Framework via Diffusion for Clothes-Changing Person Re-IDcited by 8
- 2024DiffBody: Human Body Restoration by Imagining with Generative Diffusion Priorcited by 6
- 2024Pose-dIVE: Pose-Diversified Augmentation with Diffusion Model for Person Re-Identificationcited by 6
- 2023PSDiff: Diffusion Model for Person Search with Iterative and Collaborative Refinementcited by 2
- 2023VI-Diff: Unpaired Visible-Infrared Translation Diffusion Model for Single Modality Labeled Visible-Infrared Person Re-identificationcited by 2
- 2025Learning 3D Texture-Aware Representations for Parsing Diverse Human Clothing and Body Partscited by 0
- 2025Learning 3D Texture-Aware Representations for Parsing Diverse Human Clothing and Body Parts8 Aug 2025
- 2024DLCR: A Generative Data Expansion Framework via Diffusion for Clothes-Changing Person Re-ID11 Nov 2024
- 2024Pose-dIVE: Pose-Diversified Augmentation with Diffusion Model for Person Re-Identification23 Jun 2024
- 2024Synthesizing Efficient Data with Diffusion Models for Person Re-Identification Pre-Training10 Jun 2024
- 2024DiffBody: Human Body Restoration by Imagining with Generative Diffusion Prior4 Apr 2024
- 2023Advancing Pose-Guided Image Synthesis with Progressive Conditional Diffusion Models10 Oct 2023
- 2023VI-Diff: Unpaired Visible-Infrared Translation Diffusion Model for Single Modality Labeled Visible-Infrared Person Re-identification6 Oct 2023
- 2023PSDiff: Diffusion Model for Person Search with Iterative and Collaborative Refinement20 Sep 2023
- 2024When Large Vision-Language Models Meet Person Re-Identificationcited by 15
- 2024MLLMReID: Multimodal Large Language Model-based Person Re-identificationcited by 8
- 2025CILP-FGDI: Exploiting Vision-Language Model for Generalizable Person Re-Identificationcited by 7
- 2024CLIP-SCGI: Synthesized Caption-Guided Inversion for Person Re-Identificationcited by 4
- 2025X-ReID: Multi-granularity Information Interaction for Video-Based Visible-Infrared Person Re-Identificationcited by 4
- 2026IIR-VLM: In-Context Instance-level Recognition for Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 1
- 2026IIR-VLM: In-Context Instance-level Recognition for Large Vision-Language Models20 Jan 2026
- 2025X-ReID: Multi-granularity Information Interaction for Video-Based Visible-Infrared Person Re-Identification22 Nov 2025
- 2025CILP-FGDI: Exploiting Vision-Language Model for Generalizable Person Re-Identification27 Jan 2025
- 2024When Large Vision-Language Models Meet Person Re-Identification27 Nov 2024
- 2024CLIP-SCGI: Synthesized Caption-Guided Inversion for Person Re-Identification12 Oct 2024
- 2024MLLMReID: Multimodal Large Language Model-based Person Re-identification24 Jan 2024
- 2021TransReID: Transformer-based Object Re-Identificationcited by 435
- 2023Meta-Transformer: A Unified Framework for Multimodal Learningcited by 136
- 2021Fine-Grained Image Analysis with Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 135
- 2022Gait Recognition in the Wild with Dense 3D Representations and A Benchmarkcited by 114
- 2023Beyond Appearance: a Semantic Controllable Self-Supervised Learning Framework for Human-Centric Visual Taskscited by 96
- 2024Deep Multimodal Learning with Missing Modality: A Surveycited by 92
- 2023Diverse Embedding Expansion Network and Low-Light Cross-Modality Benchmark for Visible-Infrared Person Re-identificationcited by 79
- 2022Disentangled Representation Learning for Text-Video Retrievalcited by 77
- 2021Learning by Aligning: Visible-Infrared Person Re-identification using Cross-Modal Correspondencescited by 66
- 2022Body Part-Based Representation Learning for Occluded Person Re-Identificationcited by 64
- 2022Part-based Pseudo Label Refinement for Unsupervised Person Re-identificationcited by 59
- 2021Person Re-identification Method Based on Color Attack and Joint Defencecited by 56
12 most cited of 525 All 525 (JSON)
- 20263D-VITAL: Visibility-aware Identity Training from Artificial Liftings of 3D Reconstruction model for Cross-View Object Re-Identification12 Oct 2026
- 2026Beyond a Single Crop: Contextualized Embeddings for Player Re-Identification9 Oct 2026
- 2026Semantic Modality Compensation for Unsupervised Visible-Infrared Person Re-identification under Unpaired Settings28 Sep 2026
- 2026Re:Cognize -- Open-Set Comic Character Re-Identification27 Sep 2026
- 2026Towards Identifiable Representations under Misspecified Structure27 Sep 2026
- 2026MIRAGE: Full-Body Bystander Privacy for Smart Glasses with Consent-Based Restoration21 Sep 2026
- 2026Generative Retrieval for Unsupervised Text-Based Person Search11 Sep 2026
- 2026YesTrack: Referring Multi-Object Tracking via MLLM-based Yes/No Verification2 Sep 2026
- 2026Robust retinal biometrics for patient identity verification and retrieval across age and imaging devices31 Aug 2026
- 2026A-PAIR: A Benchmark and Identity-Consistent Grounding Framework for Air-Ground Cross-View Referring Person Detection28 Aug 2026
- 2026Multi-scale Decomposed Convolution Refinement Network for Visible-Infrared Person Re-Identification17 Aug 2026
- 2026Dual-Space Modality Consistency Learning for Universal Cross-Modal Re-Identification7 Aug 2026
12 newest of 525 All 525 (JSON)