mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

AutoCkt: Deep Reinforcement Learning of Analog Circuit Designs

arXiv 2001.01808 ↗First posted 6 Jan 2020eess.SPcited by 51

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Abstract (arXiv)

Domain specialization under energy constraints in deeply-scaled CMOS has been driving the need for agile development of Systems on a Chip (SoCs). While digital subsystems have design flows that are conducive to rapid iterations from specification to layout, analog and mixed-signal modules face the challenge of a long human-in-the-middle iteration loop that requires expert intuition to verify that post-layout circuit parameters meet the original design specification. Existing automated solutions that optimize circuit parameters for a given target design specification have limitations of being schematic-only, inaccurate, sample-inefficient or not generalizable. This work presents AutoCkt, a machine learning optimization framework trained using deep reinforcement learning that not only finds post-layout circuit parameters for a given target specification, but also gains knowledge about the entire design space through a sparse subsampling technique. Our results show that for multiple circuit topologies, AutoCkt is able to converge and meet all target specifications on at least 96.3% of tested design goals in schematic simulation, on average 40X faster than a traditional genetic algorithm. Using the Berkeley Analog Generator, AutoCkt is able to design 40 LVS passed operational amplifiers in 68 hours, 9.6X faster than the state-of-the-art when considering layout parasitics.

Key facts. Cited by 51 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 6 Jan 2020.

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 7; 2023: 2; 2024: 6; 2025: 17; 2026: 15.

51 papers.

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  1. 2021Machine Learning for Electronic Design Automation: A Surveycited by 71
  2. 2021A Survey of Machine Learning for Computer Architecture and Systemscited by 53
  3. 2024LEDRO: LLM-Enhanced Design Space Reduction and Optimization for Analog Circuitscited by 22
  4. 2021DNN-Opt: An RL Inspired Optimization for Analog Circuit Sizing using Deep Neural Networkscited by 18
  5. 2025AnalogCoder-Pro: Unifying Analog Circuit Generation and Optimization via Multi-modal LLMscited by 14
  6. 2022Pretraining Graph Neural Networks for few-shot Analog Circuit Modeling and Designcited by 13
  7. 2025EEsizer: LLM-Based AI Agent for Sizing of Analog and Mixed Signal Circuitcited by 12
  8. 2024Schemato -- An LLM for Netlist-to-Schematic Conversioncited by 11
  9. 2025LLM-USO: Large Language Model-based Universal Sizing Optimizercited by 11
  10. 2022Domain Knowledge-Infused Deep Learning for Automated Analog/Radio-Frequency Circuit Parameter Optimizationcited by 10
  11. 2025AnaFlow: Agentic LLM-based Workflow for Reasoning-Driven Explainable and Sample-Efficient Analog Circuit Sizingcited by 10
  12. 2022TAG: Learning Circuit Spatial Embedding From Layoutscited by 9
38 more
  1. 2023Learning to Design Analog Circuits to Meet Threshold Specificationscited by 9
  2. 2024INSIGHT: Universal Neural Simulator for Analog Circuits Harnessing Autoregressive Transformerscited by 8
  3. 2024AICircuit: A Multi-Level Dataset and Benchmark for AI-Driven Analog Integrated Circuit Designcited by 8
  4. 2025MuaLLM: A Multimodal Large Language Model Agent for Circuit Design Assistance with Hybrid Contextual Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 8
  5. 2022Domain Knowledge-Based Automated Analog Circuit Design with Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 7
  6. 2025LLM-based AI Agent for Sizing of Analog and Mixed Signal Circuitcited by 6
  7. 2022RobustAnalog: Fast Variation-Aware Analog Circuit Design Via Multi-task RLcited by 5
  8. 2025Supervised Learning for Analog and RF Circuit Design: Benchmarks and Comparative Insightscited by 5
  9. 2025EasySize: Elastic Analog Circuit Sizing via LLM-Guided Heuristic Searchcited by 5
  10. 2025HeaRT: A Hierarchical Circuit Reasoning Tree-Based Agentic Framework for AMS Design Optimizationcited by 5
  11. 2025FALCON: An ML Framework for Fully Automated Layout-Constrained Analog Circuit Designcited by 4
  12. 2026AutoSizer: Automatic Sizing of Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuits via Large Language Model (LLM) Agentscited by 4
  13. 2026AnalogAgent: Self-Improving Analog Circuit Design Automation with LLM Agentscited by 3
  14. 2024GraCo -- A Graph Composer for Integrated Circuitscited by 2
  15. 2025DICE: Device-level Integrated Circuits Encoder with Graph Contrastive Pretrainingcited by 2
  16. 2025ZeroSim: Zero-Shot Analog Circuit Evaluation with Unified Transformer Embeddingscited by 2
  17. 2022A Survey and Perspective on Artificial Intelligence for Security-Aware Electronic Design Automationcited by 1
  18. 2023Practical Layout-Aware Analog/Mixed-Signal Design Automation with Bayesian Neural Networkscited by 1
  19. 2024AI-Guided Codesign Framework for Novel Material and Device Design applied to MTJ-based True Random Number Generatorscited by 1
  20. 2025SPICEMixer - Netlist-Level Circuit Evolutioncited by 1
  21. 2025Graph Neural Networks for Automatic Addition of Optimizing Components in Printed Circuit Board Schematicscited by 1
  22. 2026ORACLE: A Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning-Based Analog Circuit Design Optimizer with Large Language Models-Guided Explorationcited by 1
  23. 2021Fast Design Space Exploration of Nonlinear Systems: Part IIcited by 0
  24. 2022Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Microprocessor Design Space Explorationcited by 0
  25. 2025Graph Neural Networks Based Analog Circuit Link Predictioncited by 0
  26. 2025Inverse Design in Distributed Circuits Using Single-Step Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
  27. 2025AnalogFed: Privacy-Preserving Discovery of Analog Circuits at Scale with Federated Generative AIcited by 0
  28. 2026VLM-CAD: VLM-Optimized Collaborative Agent Design Workflow for Analog Circuit Sizingcited by 0
  29. 2026LLM-Assisted Op-Amp Behavioral-Level Design via Agentic Human-Mimicking Reasoningcited by 0
  30. 2026EM-Aware Physical Synthesis: Neural Inductor Modeling and Intelligent Placement & Routing for RF Circuitscited by 0
  31. 2026KCLNet: Electrically Equivalence-Oriented Graph Representation Learning for Analog Circuitscited by 0
  32. 2026ARCS: Autoregressive Circuit Synthesis with Topology-Aware Graph Attention and Spec Conditioningcited by 0
  33. 2026A Self-Calibrating Framework for Analog Circuit Sizing Using LLM-Derived Analytical Equationscited by 0
  34. 2026Agentic Electronic Design Automation: A Handoff Perspectivecited by 0
  35. 2026Towards Reliable AI-Assisted Analog Design: Template-Constrained LLM Agents for SAR ADC Generationcited by 0
  36. 2026AaLLM: An End-to-End Analog Circuit Design Framework from Topology Generation to Sizing Using Large Language Modelscited by 0
  37. 2026Spicing up Genetic Netlist Generation with LLMscited by 0
  38. 2026Long-Horizon Analog Design Bench: Benchmarking Agents on Hours-Long Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design Taskscited by 0

50 most cited of 51 All 51 (JSON)