mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

AI-GAs: AI-generating algorithms, an alternate paradigm for producing general artificial intelligence

arXiv 1905.10985 ↗First posted 27 May 2019cs.AIcited by 84

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Perhaps the most ambitious scientific quest in human history is the creation of general artificial intelligence, which roughly means AI that is as smart or smarter than humans. The dominant approach in the machine learning community is to attempt to discover each of the pieces required for intelligence, with the implicit assumption that some future group will complete the Herculean task of figuring out how to combine all of those pieces into a complex thinking machine. I call this the "manual AI approach". This paper describes another exciting path that ultimately may be more successful at producing general AI. It is based on the clear trend in machine learning that hand-designed solutions eventually are replaced by more effective, learned solutions. The idea is to create an AI-generating algorithm (AI-GA), which automatically learns how to produce general AI. Three Pillars are essential for the approach: (1) meta-learning architectures, (2) meta-learning the learning algorithms themselves, and (3) generating effective learning environments. I argue that either approach could produce general AI first, and both are scientifically worthwhile irrespective of which is the fastest path. Because both are promising, yet the ML community is currently committed to the manual approach, I argue that our community should increase its research investment in the AI-GA approach. To encourage such research, I describe promising work in each of the Three Pillars. I also discuss AI-GA-specific safety and ethical considerations. Because it it may be the fastest path to general AI and because it is inherently scientifically interesting to understand the conditions in which a simple algorithm can produce general AI (as happened on Earth where Darwinian evolution produced human intelligence), I argue that the pursuit of AI-GAs should be considered a new grand challenge of computer science research.

Key facts. Cited by 84 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 27 May 2019.

Builds on

No reference list yet.

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 13; 2022: 14; 2023: 12; 2024: 9; 2025: 18; 2026: 18.

84 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2024Genie: Generative Interactive Environmentscited by 706
  2. 2023AgentVerse: Facilitating Multi-Agent Collaboration and Exploring Emergent Behaviorscited by 580
  3. 2025The AI Scientist-v2: Workshop-Level Automated Scientific Discovery via Agentic Tree Searchcited by 375
  4. 2024Automated Design of Agentic Systemscited by 360
  5. 2025Darwin Godel Machine: Open-Ended Evolution of Self-Improving Agentscited by 294
  6. 2023Text-to-image Diffusion Models in Generative AI: A Surveycited by 264
  7. 2021Open-Ended Learning Leads to Generally Capable Agentscited by 177
  8. 2023Human-Timescale Adaptation in an Open-Ended Task Spacecited by 136
  9. 2022General-Purpose In-Context Learning by Meta-Learning Transformerscited by 102
  10. 2021Scalable Evaluation of Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning with Melting Potcited by 97
  11. 2024Open-Endedness is Essential for Artificial Superhuman Intelligencecited by 79
  12. 2025SPICE: Self-Play In Corpus Environments Improves Reasoningcited by 78
38 more
  1. 2023OMNI: Open-endedness via Models of human Notions of Interestingnesscited by 66
  2. 2022Meta-DMoE: Adapting to Domain Shift by Meta-Distillation from Mixture-of-Expertscited by 50
  3. 2023Reuse and Diffuse: Iterative Denoising for Text-to-Video Generationcited by 49
  4. 2025EvoFlow: Evolving Diverse Agentic Workflows On The Flycited by 49
  5. 2025VisPlay: Self-Evolving Vision-Language Models from Imagescited by 42
  6. 2023Quality-Diversity through AI Feedbackcited by 40
  7. 2021Fast and Slow Learning of Recurrent Independent Mechanismscited by 36
  8. 2026Group-Evolving Agents: Open-Ended Self-Improvement via Experience Sharingcited by 32
  9. 2025Two Heads are Better Than One: Test-time Scaling of Multi-agent Collaborative Reasoningcited by 29
  10. 2025SIMA 2: A Generalist Embodied Agent for Virtual Worldscited by 26
  11. 2022Continual Object Detection: A review of definitions, strategies, and challengescited by 25
  12. 2023Evolutionary Reinforcement Learning: A Surveycited by 24
  13. 2021Dynamics-Aware Quality-Diversity for Efficient Learning of Skill Repertoirescited by 20
  14. 2022General Intelligence Requires Rethinking Explorationcited by 20
  15. 2024A social path to human-like artificial intelligencecited by 20
  16. 2024Automating the Search for Artificial Life with Foundation Modelscited by 20
  17. 2023Discovering General Reinforcement Learning Algorithms with Adversarial Environment Designcited by 16
  18. 2026Learning to Continually Learn via Meta-learning Agentic Memory Designscited by 16
  19. 2026MM-Zero: Self-Evolving Multi-Model Vision Language Models From Zero Datacited by 16
  20. 2026The Red Queen G"odel Machine: Co-Evolving Agents and Their Evaluatorscited by 16
  21. 2022Accelerated Quality-Diversity through Massive Parallelismcited by 14
  22. 2024Position: A Call to Action for a Human-Centered AutoML Paradigmcited by 14
  23. 2021Training Learned Optimizers with Randomly Initialized Learned Optimizerscited by 13
  24. 2025Evolution and The Knightian Blindspot of Machine Learningcited by 11
  25. 2022Learning Robust Real-Time Cultural Transmission without Human Datacited by 9
  26. 2024From Text to Life: On the Reciprocal Relationship between Artificial Life and Large Language Modelscited by 8
  27. 2025Automated Capability Discovery via Foundation Model Self-Explorationcited by 8
  28. 2025AI & Human Co-Improvement for Safer Co-Superintelligencecited by 8
  29. 2021BR-NS: an Archive-less Approach to Novelty Searchcited by 7
  30. 2022Learning to Walk Autonomously via Reset-Free Quality-Diversitycited by 7
  31. 2024Large Language Models as In-context AI Generators for Quality-Diversitycited by 7
  32. 2024JaxLife: An Open-Ended Agentic Simulatorcited by 6
  33. 2026SPADE: Self-Play in Adaptive Synthetic Executable Environmentscited by 6
  34. 2021The whole brain architecture approach: Accelerating the development of artificial general intelligence by referring to the braincited by 5
  35. 2025Foundation Model Self-Play: Open-Ended Strategy Innovation via Foundation Modelscited by 5
  36. 2021Learning to acquire novel cognitive tasks with evolution, plasticity and meta-meta-learningcited by 4
  37. 2022Meta-Reinforcement Learning with Self-Modifying Networkscited by 4
  38. 2023Multiobjective Evolutionary Pruning of Deep Neural Networks with Transfer Learning for improving their Performance and Robustnesscited by 4

50 most cited of 84 All 84 (JSON)