mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

RotatE: Knowledge Graph Embedding by Relational Rotation in Complex Space

arXiv 1902.10197 ↗First posted 26 Feb 2019cs.LG cs.CL stat.MLcited by 898

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Cited by 43 in LLM reasoning, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.

Abstract (arXiv)

We study the problem of learning representations of entities and relations in knowledge graphs for predicting missing links. The success of such a task heavily relies on the ability of modeling and inferring the patterns of (or between) the relations. In this paper, we present a new approach for knowledge graph embedding called RotatE, which is able to model and infer various relation patterns including: symmetry/antisymmetry, inversion, and composition. Specifically, the RotatE model defines each relation as a rotation from the source entity to the target entity in the complex vector space. In addition, we propose a novel self-adversarial negative sampling technique for efficiently and effectively training the RotatE model. Experimental results on multiple benchmark knowledge graphs show that the proposed RotatE model is not only scalable, but also able to infer and model various relation patterns and significantly outperform existing state-of-the-art models for link prediction.

Key facts. Cited by 898 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 26 Feb 2019.

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 131; 2022: 179; 2023: 175; 2024: 173; 2025: 123; 2026: 117.

898 papers.

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  1. 2021OGB-LSC: A Large-Scale Challenge for Machine Learning on Graphscited by 329
  2. 2021Neural Bellman-Ford Networks: A General Graph Neural Network Framework for Link Predictioncited by 275
  3. 2022Deep Bidirectional Language-Knowledge Graph Pretrainingcited by 156
  4. 2021Fully Hyperbolic Neural Networkscited by 108
  5. 2021Combinatorial Optimization with Physics-Inspired Graph Neural Networkscited by 108
  6. 2021Case-based Reasoning for Natural Language Queries over Knowledge Basescited by 107
  7. 2021Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning Based on Evolutional Representation Learningcited by 106
  8. 2022A Survey of Knowledge Graph Reasoning on Graph Types: Static, Dynamic, and Multimodalcited by 106
  9. 2023AnglE-optimized Text Embeddingscited by 99
  10. 2021Learning Intents behind Interactions with Knowledge Graph for Recommendationcited by 94
  11. 2021Knowledge Graph Reasoning with Relational Digraphcited by 92
  12. 2022SimKGC: Simple Contrastive Knowledge Graph Completion with Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 91
38 more
  1. 2023Towards Foundation Models for Knowledge Graph Reasoningcited by 86
  2. 2021Graph Representation Learning in Biomedicinecited by 80
  3. 2021ConE: Cone Embeddings for Multi-Hop Reasoning over Knowledge Graphscited by 78
  4. 2022Sequence-to-Sequence Knowledge Graph Completion and Question Answeringcited by 75
  5. 2021NodePiece: Compositional and Parameter-Efficient Representations of Large Knowledge Graphscited by 72
  6. 2023Knowledge Graphs: Opportunities and Challengescited by 70
  7. 2021Knowledge Matters: Radiology Report Generation with General and Specific Knowledgecited by 68
  8. 2021TimeTraveler: Reinforcement Learning for Temporal Knowledge Graph Forecastingcited by 67
  9. 2022Neural-Symbolic Models for Logical Queries on Knowledge Graphscited by 61
  10. 2024Knowledge Graphs Meet Multi-Modal Learning: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 53
  11. 2023InGram: Inductive Knowledge Graph Embedding via Relation Graphscited by 52
  12. 2021Molecular Contrastive Learning with Chemical Element Knowledge Graphcited by 50
  13. 2022A*Net: A Scalable Path-based Reasoning Approach for Knowledge Graphscited by 49
  14. 2021Topology-Aware Correlations Between Relations for Inductive Link Prediction in Knowledge Graphscited by 48
  15. 2023Making Large Language Models Perform Better in Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 48
  16. 2022RHO (ρ): Reducing Hallucination in Open-domain Dialogues with Knowledge Groundingcited by 47
  17. 2021OntoZSL: Ontology-enhanced Zero-shot Learningcited by 45
  18. 2021Differentially Private Federated Knowledge Graphs Embeddingcited by 45
  19. 2022From Discrimination to Generation: Knowledge Graph Completion with Generative Transformercited by 45
  20. 2022TorchDrug: A Powerful and Flexible Machine Learning Platform for Drug Discoverycited by 45
  21. 2022Hybrid Transformer with Multi-level Fusion for Multimodal Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 44
  22. 2022Knowledge Graph Contrastive Learning Based on Relation-Symmetrical Structurecited by 43
  23. 2022Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning with Historical Contrastive Learningcited by 42
  24. 2022Knowledge Graph Embedding: A Survey from the Perspective of Representation Spacescited by 41
  25. 2023Heterogeneous Federated Knowledge Graph Embedding Learning and Unlearningcited by 40
  26. 2021Search from History and Reason for Future: Two-stage Reasoning on Temporal Knowledge Graphscited by 39
  27. 2021A Survey on Neural-symbolic Learning Systemscited by 39
  28. 2021Modeling Heterogeneous Hierarchies with Relation-specific Hyperbolic Conescited by 38
  29. 2024KICGPT: Large Language Model with Knowledge in Context for Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 36
  30. 2023Neural Graph Reasoning: Complex Logical Query Answering Meets Graph Databasescited by 35
  31. 2021ChronoR: Rotation Based Temporal Knowledge Graph Embeddingcited by 34
  32. 2021Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion using Box Embeddingscited by 34
  33. 2021Prototypical Representation Learning for Relation Extractioncited by 33
  34. 2023Dipping PLMs Sauce: Bridging Structure and Text for Effective Knowledge Graph Completion via Conditional Soft Promptingcited by 33
  35. 2021Meta-Knowledge Transfer for Inductive Knowledge Graph Embeddingcited by 32
  36. 2022Knowledge Is Flat: A Seq2Seq Generative Framework for Various Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 32
  37. 2023A Theory of Link Prediction via Relational Weisfeiler-Leman on Knowledge Graphscited by 32
  38. 2021Relational World Knowledge Representation in Contextual Language Models: A Reviewcited by 31

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