mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Time is Not a Label: Continuous Phase Rotation for Temporal Knowledge Graphs and Agentic Memory

arXiv 2604.11544 ↗First posted 13 Apr 2026cs.CL cs.AIcited by 3

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Agent memory systems

Abstract (arXiv)

Structured memory representations such as knowledge graphs are central to autonomous agents and other long-lived systems. However, most existing approaches model time as discrete metadata, either sorting by recency (burying old-yet-permanent knowledge), simply overwriting outdated facts, or requiring an expensive LLM call at every ingestion step, leaving them unable to distinguish persistent facts from evolving ones. To address this, we introduce RoMem, a drop-in temporal knowledge graph module for structured memory systems, applicable to agentic memory and beyond. A pretrained Semantic Speed Gate maps each relation's text embedding to a volatility score, learning from data that evolving relations (e.g., "president of") should rotate fast while persistent ones (e.g., "born in") should remain stable. Combined with continuous phase rotation, this enables geometric shadowing: obsolete facts are rotated out of phase in complex vector space, so temporally correct facts naturally outrank contradictions without deletion. On temporal knowledge graph completion, RoMem achieves state-of-the-art results on ICEWS05-15 (72.6 MRR). Applied to agentic memory, it delivers 2-3x MRR and answer accuracy on temporal reasoning (MultiTQ), dominates hybrid benchmark (LoCoMo), preserves static memory with zero degradation (DMR-MSC), and generalises zero-shot to unseen financial domains (FinTMMBench).

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Agent memory systems, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 28 of its 55 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Apr 2026.

Builds on

28 of 55 references.

Closest ancestors · 7

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025AgentFold: Long-Horizon Web Agents with Proactive Context Management28 Oct
  2. 2025MemInsight: Autonomous Memory Augmentation for LLM Agents27 Mar
  3. 2025A-MEM: Agentic Memory for LLM Agents17 Feb
  4. 2025Zep: A Temporal Knowledge Graph Architecture for Agent Memory20 Jan
  5. 2024Self-evolving Agents with reflective and memory-augmented abilities1 Sep
  6. 2024A Survey on the Memory Mechanism of Large Language Model based Agents21 Apr
  7. 2024Evaluating Very Long-Term Conversational Memory of LLM Agents27 Feb

Other references · 21

  1. 2023Lost in the Middle: How Language Models Use Long Contextscited by 3,383
  2. 2023MemGPT: Towards LLMs as Operating Systemscited by 1,295
  3. 2024M3-Embedding: Multi-Linguality, Multi-Functionality, Multi-Granularity Text Embeddings Through Self-Knowledge Distillationcited by 1,050
  4. 2014Embedding Entities and Relations for Learning and Inference in Knowledge Basescited by 929
  5. 2019RotatE: Knowledge Graph Embedding by Relational Rotation in Complex Spacecited by 893
  6. 2023Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmapcited by 663
  7. 2025MemAgent: Reshaping Long-Context LLM with Multi-Conv RL-based Memory Agentcited by 235
  8. 2018Learning Sequence Encoders for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 145
  9. 2020Tensor Decompositions for temporal knowledge base completioncited by 115
  10. 2023Retroformer: Retrospective Large Language Agents with Policy Gradient Optimizationcited by 110
  11. 2019Diachronic Embedding for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 104
  12. 2022Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion: A Surveycited by 61
9 more
  1. 2020TeRo: A Time-aware Knowledge Graph Embedding via Temporal Rotationcited by 48
  2. 2021ChronoR: Rotation Based Temporal Knowledge Graph Embeddingcited by 34
  3. 2025Can LLM-based Financial Investing Strategies Outperform the Market in Long Run?cited by 19
  4. 2025MemoTime: Memory-Augmented Temporal Knowledge Graph Enhanced Large Language Model Reasoningcited by 14
  5. 2023HGE: Embedding Temporal Knowledge Graphs in a Product Space of Heterogeneous Geometric Subspacescited by 10
  6. 2026Does Memory Need Graphs? A Unified Framework and Empirical Analysis for Long-Term Dialog Memorycited by 9
  7. 2025Towards Temporal-Aware Multi-Modal Retrieval Augmented Generation in Financecited by 7
  8. 2024Generative Subgraph Retrieval for Knowledge Graph-Grounded Dialog Generationcited by 6
  9. 2025Learn to Rank Risky Investors: A Case Study of Predicting Retail Traders' Behaviour and Profitabilitycited by 2

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 3.

3 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026Agent Zero Memory: Provenance-Aware Long-Term Memory for LLM Agents
  2. 2026GAM: Hierarchical Graph-based Agentic Memory for LLM Agents
  3. 2026MemWeaver: Weaving Hybrid Memories for Traceable Long-Horizon Agentic Reasoning
  4. 2026Graph-based Agent Memory: Taxonomy, Techniques, and Applications
  5. 2026Structured Episodic Event Memory
  6. 2026REAL: A Reasoning-Enhanced Graph Framework for Long-Term Memory Management of LLMs
  7. 2025LiCoMemory: Lightweight and Cognitive Agentic Memory for Efficient Long-Term Reasoning
  8. 2026Memory Matters More: Event-Centric Memory as a Logic Map for Agent Searching and Reasoning