Gotta Learn Fast: A New Benchmark for Generalization in RL
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Abstract (arXiv)
In this report, we present a new reinforcement learning (RL) benchmark based on the Sonic the Hedgehog (TM) video game franchise. This benchmark is intended to measure the performance of transfer learning and few-shot learning algorithms in the RL domain. We also present and evaluate some baseline algorithms on the new benchmark.
Key facts. Cited by 59 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 10 Apr 2018.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 24; 2022: 10; 2023: 7; 2024: 8; 2025: 8; 2026: 2.
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- 2025AdaWorld: Learning Adaptable World Models with Latent Actionscited by 114
- 2021Why Generalization in RL is Difficult: Epistemic POMDPs and Implicit Partial Observabilitycited by 109
- 2021MiniHack the Planet: A Sandbox for Open-Ended Reinforcement Learning Researchcited by 97
- 2021Decoupling Value and Policy for Generalization in Reinforcement Learningcited by 82
- 2021Systematic Evaluation of Causal Discovery in Visual Model Based Reinforcement Learningcited by 53
- 2022Atari-5: Distilling the Arcade Learning Environment down to Five Gamescited by 44
- 2021The MineRL 2020 Competition on Sample Efficient Reinforcement Learning using Human Priorscited by 41
- 2021Alchemy: A benchmark and analysis toolkit for meta-reinforcement learning agentscited by 36
- 2021Procedural Generalization by Planning with Self-Supervised World Modelscited by 31
- 2023On the Importance of Exploration for Generalization in Reinforcement Learningcited by 31
- 2021Core Challenges in Embodied Vision-Language Planningcited by 30
- 2021Rank the Episodes: A Simple Approach for Exploration in Procedurally-Generated Environmentscited by 28
38 more
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- 2023The Generalization Gap in Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 26
- 2021Measuring Sample Efficiency and Generalization in Reinforcement Learning Benchmarks: NeurIPS 2020 Procgen Benchmarkcited by 23
- 2021When Is Generalizable Reinforcement Learning Tractable?cited by 20
- 2021TeachMyAgent: a Benchmark for Automatic Curriculum Learning in Deep RLcited by 18
- 2021The Neural MMO Platform for Massively Multiagent Researchcited by 17
- 2025Horizon Generalization in Reinforcement Learningcited by 17
- 2022Towards Understanding How Machines Can Learn Causal Overhypothesescited by 14
- 2024FightLadder: A Benchmark for Competitive Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learningcited by 13
- 2024HackAtari: Atari Learning Environments for Robust and Continual Reinforcement Learningcited by 11
- 2024The Overcooked Generalisation Challenge: Evaluating Cooperation with Novel Partners in Unknown Environments Using Unsupervised Environment Designcited by 11
- 2021Fast and Data-Efficient Training of Rainbow: an Experimental Study on Ataricited by 10
- 2022Local Feature Swapping for Generalization in Reinforcement Learningcited by 9
- 2023ContraBAR: Contrastive Bayes-Adaptive Deep RLcited by 9
- 2021Tuning Mixed Input Hyperparameters on the Fly for Efficient Population Based AutoRLcited by 8
- 2022On the Generalization and Adaption Performance of Causal Modelscited by 8
- 2022Learning Causal Overhypotheses through Exploration in Children and Computational Modelscited by 7
- 2022Goal-Aware Generative Adversarial Imitation Learning from Imperfect Demonstration for Robotic Cloth Manipulationcited by 7
- 2024Enabling Realtime Reinforcement Learning at Scale with Staggered Asynchronous Inferencecited by 7
- 2021Transfer of Fully Convolutional Policy-Value Networks Between Games and Game Variantscited by 6
- 2021Scenic4RL: Programmatic Modeling and Generation of Reinforcement Learning Environmentscited by 6
- 2021Lifetime policy reuse and the importance of task capacitycited by 4
- 2022The Game of Hidden Rules: A New Kind of Benchmark Challenge for Machine Learningcited by 4
- 2022DIAMBRA Arena: a New Reinforcement Learning Platform for Research and Experimentationcited by 4
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- 2021rl_reach: Reproducible Reinforcement Learning Experiments for Robotic Reaching Taskscited by 3
- 2021Extending Environments To Measure Self-Reflection In Reinforcement Learningcited by 3
- 2025Provable Zero-Shot Generalization in Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 3
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- 2021Towards robust and domain agnostic reinforcement learning competitionscited by 2
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- 2021Sparse Attention Guided Dynamic Value Estimation for Single-Task Multi-Scene Reinforcement Learningcited by 1
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- 2021Meta Arcade: A Configurable Environment Suite for Meta-Learningcited by 0
50 most cited of 59 All 59 (JSON)
- 2026Reinforcement Learning: From Algorithms To Foundation Models20 Jul 2026
- 2026Odysseus: Scaling VLMs to 100+ Turn Decision-Making in Games via Reinforcement Learning1 May 2026
- 2025Robust Agents in Open-Ended Worlds9 Dec 2025
- 2025Imagined Autocurricula11 Sep 2025
- 2025Synthetic Data is Sufficient for Zero-Shot Visual Generalization from Offline Data17 Aug 2025
- 2025A Conceptual Framework for AI-based Decision Systems in Critical Infrastructures21 Apr 2025
- 2025AdaWorld: Learning Adaptable World Models with Latent Actions24 Mar 2025
- 2025Provable Zero-Shot Generalization in Offline Reinforcement Learning11 Mar 2025
- 2025State Combinatorial Generalization In Decision Making With Conditional Diffusion Models22 Jan 2025
- 2025Horizon Generalization in Reinforcement Learning6 Jan 2025
- 2024A Research Agenda for Usability and Generalisation in Reinforcement Learning22 Dec 2024
- 2024Enabling Realtime Reinforcement Learning at Scale with Staggered Asynchronous Inference18 Dec 2024
38 more
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- 2024Disentangling Recognition and Decision Regrets in Image-Based Reinforcement Learning19 Sep 2024
- 2024The Overcooked Generalisation Challenge: Evaluating Cooperation with Novel Partners in Unknown Environments Using Unsupervised Environment Design25 Jun 2024
- 2024RRLS : Robust Reinforcement Learning Suite12 Jun 2024
- 2024HackAtari: Atari Learning Environments for Robust and Continual Reinforcement Learning6 Jun 2024
- 2024FightLadder: A Benchmark for Competitive Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning4 Jun 2024
- 2023The Generalization Gap in Offline Reinforcement Learning10 Dec 2023
- 2023Evaluating Pretrained models for Deployable Lifelong Learning22 Nov 2023
- 2023Adversarial Style Transfer for Robust Policy Optimization in Deep Reinforcement Learning29 Aug 2023
- 2023On the Importance of Exploration for Generalization in Reinforcement Learning8 Jun 2023
- 2023ContraBAR: Contrastive Bayes-Adaptive Deep RL4 Jun 2023
- 2023Core Challenges in Embodied Vision-Language Planning5 Apr 2023
- 2023Evolving Artificial Neural Networks To Imitate Human Behaviour In Shinobi III : Return of the Ninja Master3 Apr 2023
- 2022Improving generalization in reinforcement learning through forked agents13 Dec 2022
- 2022DIAMBRA Arena: a New Reinforcement Learning Platform for Research and Experimentation19 Oct 2022
- 2022Atari-5: Distilling the Arcade Learning Environment down to Five Games5 Oct 2022
- 2022Goal-Aware Generative Adversarial Imitation Learning from Imperfect Demonstration for Robotic Cloth Manipulation21 Sep 2022
- 2022The Game of Hidden Rules: A New Kind of Benchmark Challenge for Machine Learning20 Jul 2022
- 2022Towards Understanding How Machines Can Learn Causal Overhypotheses16 Jun 2022
- 2022On the Generalization and Adaption Performance of Causal Models9 Jun 2022
- 2022Improving generalization to new environments and removing catastrophic forgetting in Reinforcement Learning by using an eco-system of agents13 Apr 2022
- 2022Local Feature Swapping for Generalization in Reinforcement Learning13 Apr 2022
- 2022Learning Causal Overhypotheses through Exploration in Children and Computational Models21 Feb 2022
- 2021Meta Arcade: A Configurable Environment Suite for Meta-Learning1 Dec 2021
- 2021Fast and Data-Efficient Training of Rainbow: an Experimental Study on Atari19 Nov 2021
- 2021Procedural Generalization by Planning with Self-Supervised World Models2 Nov 2021
- 2021The Neural MMO Platform for Massively Multiagent Research14 Oct 2021
- 2021Extending Environments To Measure Self-Reflection In Reinforcement Learning13 Oct 2021
- 2021MiniHack the Planet: A Sandbox for Open-Ended Reinforcement Learning Research27 Sep 2021
- 2021Why Generalization in RL is Difficult: Epistemic POMDPs and Implicit Partial Observability13 Jul 2021
- 2021Systematic Evaluation of Causal Discovery in Visual Model Based Reinforcement Learning2 Jul 2021
- 2021Tuning Mixed Input Hyperparameters on the Fly for Efficient Population Based AutoRL30 Jun 2021
- 2021Core Challenges in Embodied Vision-Language Planning26 Jun 2021
- 2021Scenic4RL: Programmatic Modeling and Generation of Reinforcement Learning Environments18 Jun 2021
- 2021Towards robust and domain agnostic reinforcement learning competitions7 Jun 2021
- 2021Lifetime policy reuse and the importance of task capacity3 Jun 2021
- 2021Measuring Sample Efficiency and Generalization in Reinforcement Learning Benchmarks: NeurIPS 2020 Procgen Benchmark29 Mar 2021
- 2021TeachMyAgent: a Benchmark for Automatic Curriculum Learning in Deep RL17 Mar 2021
50 newest of 59 All 59 (JSON)
- 2025Horizon Generalization in Reinforcement Learningcited by 17
- 2024HackAtari: Atari Learning Environments for Robust and Continual Reinforcement Learningcited by 11
- 2024The Overcooked Generalisation Challenge: Evaluating Cooperation with Novel Partners in Unknown Environments Using Unsupervised Environment Designcited by 11
- 2024Enabling Realtime Reinforcement Learning at Scale with Staggered Asynchronous Inferencecited by 7
- 2024RRLS : Robust Reinforcement Learning Suitecited by 2
- 2024Disentangling Recognition and Decision Regrets in Image-Based Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2024A Research Agenda for Usability and Generalisation in Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2025Horizon Generalization in Reinforcement Learning6 Jan 2025
- 2024A Research Agenda for Usability and Generalisation in Reinforcement Learning22 Dec 2024
- 2024Enabling Realtime Reinforcement Learning at Scale with Staggered Asynchronous Inference18 Dec 2024
- 2024Disentangling Recognition and Decision Regrets in Image-Based Reinforcement Learning19 Sep 2024
- 2024The Overcooked Generalisation Challenge: Evaluating Cooperation with Novel Partners in Unknown Environments Using Unsupervised Environment Design25 Jun 2024
- 2024RRLS : Robust Reinforcement Learning Suite12 Jun 2024
- 2024HackAtari: Atari Learning Environments for Robust and Continual Reinforcement Learning6 Jun 2024
- 2023The Generalization Gap in Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 26
- 2022Goal-Aware Generative Adversarial Imitation Learning from Imperfect Demonstration for Robotic Cloth Manipulationcited by 7
- 2025Provable Zero-Shot Generalization in Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 3
- 2025Synthetic Data is Sufficient for Zero-Shot Visual Generalization from Offline Datacited by 0
- 2025Synthetic Data is Sufficient for Zero-Shot Visual Generalization from Offline Data17 Aug 2025
- 2025Provable Zero-Shot Generalization in Offline Reinforcement Learning11 Mar 2025
- 2023The Generalization Gap in Offline Reinforcement Learning10 Dec 2023
- 2022Goal-Aware Generative Adversarial Imitation Learning from Imperfect Demonstration for Robotic Cloth Manipulation21 Sep 2022
- 2025AdaWorld: Learning Adaptable World Models with Latent Actionscited by 114
- 2021Procedural Generalization by Planning with Self-Supervised World Modelscited by 31
- 2025Imagined Autocurriculacited by 4
- 2026Reinforcement Learning: From Algorithms To Foundation Modelscited by 0
- 2026Reinforcement Learning: From Algorithms To Foundation Models20 Jul 2026
- 2025Imagined Autocurricula11 Sep 2025
- 2025AdaWorld: Learning Adaptable World Models with Latent Actions24 Mar 2025
- 2021Procedural Generalization by Planning with Self-Supervised World Models2 Nov 2021
- 2025Robust Agents in Open-Ended Worldscited by 1
- 2025Robust Agents in Open-Ended Worlds9 Dec 2025
- 2021Why Generalization in RL is Difficult: Epistemic POMDPs and Implicit Partial Observabilitycited by 109
- 2021MiniHack the Planet: A Sandbox for Open-Ended Reinforcement Learning Researchcited by 97
- 2021Decoupling Value and Policy for Generalization in Reinforcement Learningcited by 82
- 2021Systematic Evaluation of Causal Discovery in Visual Model Based Reinforcement Learningcited by 53
- 2022Atari-5: Distilling the Arcade Learning Environment down to Five Gamescited by 44
- 2021The MineRL 2020 Competition on Sample Efficient Reinforcement Learning using Human Priorscited by 41
- 2021Alchemy: A benchmark and analysis toolkit for meta-reinforcement learning agentscited by 36
- 2023On the Importance of Exploration for Generalization in Reinforcement Learningcited by 31
- 2021Core Challenges in Embodied Vision-Language Planningcited by 30
- 2021Rank the Episodes: A Simple Approach for Exploration in Procedurally-Generated Environmentscited by 28
- 2021How to Stay Curious while Avoiding Noisy TVs using Aleatoric Uncertainty Estimationcited by 27
- 2021Measuring Sample Efficiency and Generalization in Reinforcement Learning Benchmarks: NeurIPS 2020 Procgen Benchmarkcited by 23
12 most cited of 41 All 41 (JSON)
- 2025A Conceptual Framework for AI-based Decision Systems in Critical Infrastructures21 Apr 2025
- 2024AMaze: An intuitive benchmark generator for fast prototyping of generalizable agents20 Nov 2024
- 2024FightLadder: A Benchmark for Competitive Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning4 Jun 2024
- 2023Evaluating Pretrained models for Deployable Lifelong Learning22 Nov 2023
- 2023Adversarial Style Transfer for Robust Policy Optimization in Deep Reinforcement Learning29 Aug 2023
- 2023On the Importance of Exploration for Generalization in Reinforcement Learning8 Jun 2023
- 2023ContraBAR: Contrastive Bayes-Adaptive Deep RL4 Jun 2023
- 2023Core Challenges in Embodied Vision-Language Planning5 Apr 2023
- 2023Evolving Artificial Neural Networks To Imitate Human Behaviour In Shinobi III : Return of the Ninja Master3 Apr 2023
- 2022Improving generalization in reinforcement learning through forked agents13 Dec 2022
- 2022DIAMBRA Arena: a New Reinforcement Learning Platform for Research and Experimentation19 Oct 2022
- 2022Atari-5: Distilling the Arcade Learning Environment down to Five Games5 Oct 2022
12 newest of 41 All 41 (JSON)