mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Detecting Online Hate Speech Using Context Aware Models

arXiv 1710.07395 ↗First posted 20 Oct 2017cs.CLcited by 72

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

In the wake of a polarizing election, the cyber world is laden with hate speech. Context accompanying a hate speech text is useful for identifying hate speech, which however has been largely overlooked in existing datasets and hate speech detection models. In this paper, we provide an annotated corpus of hate speech with context information well kept. Then we propose two types of hate speech detection models that incorporate context information, a logistic regression model with context features and a neural network model with learning components for context. Our evaluation shows that both models outperform a strong baseline by around 3% to 4% in F1 score and combining these two models further improve the performance by another 7% in F1 score.

Key facts. Cited by 72 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 20 Oct 2017.

Builds on

No reference list yet.

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 20; 2022: 15; 2023: 14; 2024: 13; 2025: 6; 2026: 4.

72 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2021Latent Hatred: A Benchmark for Understanding Implicit Hate Speechcited by 217
  2. 2023Auditing large language models: a three-layered approachcited by 137
  3. 2021On the Safety of Conversational Models: Taxonomy, Dataset, and Benchmarkcited by 73
  4. 2021Towards generalisable hate speech detection: a review on obstacles and solutionscited by 66
  5. 2023Unveiling the Implicit Toxicity in Large Language Modelscited by 51
  6. 2021Hate Towards the Political Opponent: A Twitter Corpus Study of the 2020 US Elections on the Basis of Offensive Speech and Stance Detectioncited by 45
  7. 2022Hate Speech and Counter Speech Detection: Conversational Context Does Mattercited by 32
  8. 2021A systematic review of Hate Speech automatic detection using Natural Language Processingcited by 27
  9. 2021Ruddit: Norms of Offensiveness for English Reddit Commentscited by 27
  10. 2024From Languages to Geographies: Towards Evaluating Cultural Bias in Hate Speech Datasetscited by 25
  11. 2024MultiHateClip: A Multilingual Benchmark Dataset for Hateful Video Detection on YouTube and Bilibilicited by 25
  12. 2022L3Cube-MahaHate: A Tweet-based Marathi Hate Speech Detection Dataset and BERT modelscited by 21
38 more
  1. 2024MentalManip: A Dataset For Fine-grained Analysis of Mental Manipulation in Conversationscited by 21
  2. 2021Abuse is Contextual, What about NLP? The Role of Context in Abusive Language Annotation and Detectioncited by 19
  3. 2022Hate Speech Criteria: A Modular Approach to Task-Specific Hate Speech Definitionscited by 18
  4. 2022Proactively Reducing the Hate Intensity of Online Posts via Hate Speech Normalizationcited by 17
  5. 2021HateBR: A Large Expert Annotated Corpus of Brazilian Instagram Comments for Offensive Language and Hate Speech Detectioncited by 15
  6. 2021CONDA: a CONtextual Dual-Annotated dataset for in-game toxicity understanding and detectioncited by 14
  7. 2022KOLD: Korean Offensive Language Datasetcited by 14
  8. 2022K-MHaS: A Multi-label Hate Speech Detection Dataset in Korean Online News Commentcited by 13
  9. 2023CoSyn: Detecting Implicit Hate Speech in Online Conversations Using a Context Synergized Hyperbolic Networkcited by 12
  10. 2022Public Wisdom Matters! Discourse-Aware Hyperbolic Fourier Co-Attention for Social-Text Classificationcited by 11
  11. 2022Generalizing Hate Speech Detection Using Multi-Task Learning: A Case Study of Political Public Figurescited by 10
  12. 2022Assessing the impact of contextual information in hate speech detectioncited by 10
  13. 2024DetoxLLM: A Framework for Detoxification with Explanationscited by 10
  14. 2021An Information Retrieval Approach to Building Datasets for Hate Speech Detectioncited by 9
  15. 2022Bangla hate speech detection on social media using attention-based recurrent neural networkcited by 9
  16. 2025Cross-Modal Transfer from Memes to Videos: Addressing Data Scarcity in Hateful Video Detectioncited by 9
  17. 2021Deciphering Implicit Hate: Evaluating Automated Detection Algorithms for Multimodal Hatecited by 8
  18. 2021Revisiting Contextual Toxicity Detection in Conversationscited by 8
  19. 2023Multi-modal Hate Speech Detection using Machine Learningcited by 8
  20. 2021Contextual-Lexicon Approach for Abusive Language Detectioncited by 7
  21. 2023Generative AI for Hate Speech Detection: Evaluation and Findingscited by 7
  22. 2021Toxicity Detection can be Sensitive to the Conversational Contextcited by 6
  23. 2024The Unseen Targets of Hate -- A Systematic Review of Hateful Communication Datasetscited by 6
  24. 2023ToxBuster: In-game Chat Toxicity Buster with BERTcited by 5
  25. 2023Towards Detecting Contextual Real-Time Toxicity for In-Game Chatcited by 5
  26. 2021Modeling Users and Online Communities for Abuse Detection: A Position on Ethics and Explainabilitycited by 4
  27. 2021Contextual Hate Speech Detection in Code Mixed Text using Transformer Based Approachescited by 4
  28. 2024Infrastructure Ombudsman: Mining Future Failure Concerns from Structural Disaster Responsecited by 4
  29. 2025Toxicity Begets Toxicity: Unraveling Conversational Chains in Political Podcastscited by 4
  30. 2022Enriching Abusive Language Detection with Community Contextcited by 3
  31. 2022Human-in-the-Loop Hate Speech Classification in a Multilingual Contextcited by 3
  32. 2022Leveraging World Knowledge in Implicit Hate Speech Detectioncited by 3
  33. 2023LLMs and Finetuning: Benchmarking cross-domain performance for hate speech detectioncited by 3
  34. 2024COBIAS: Assessing the Contextual Reliability of Bias Benchmarks for Language Modelscited by 3
  35. 2021Not All Comments are Equal: Insights into Comment Moderation from a Topic-Aware Modelcited by 2
  36. 2023LAHM : Large Annotated Dataset for Multi-Domain and Multilingual Hate Speech Identificationcited by 2
  37. 2024Cross-lingual Offensive Language Detection: A Systematic Review of Datasets, Transfer Approaches and Challengescited by 2
  38. 2024Improving code-mixed hate detection by native sample mixing: A case study for Hindi-English code-mixed scenariocited by 2

50 most cited of 72 All 72 (JSON)