Multi-modal Hate Speech Detection using Machine Learning
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Abstract (arXiv)
With the continuous growth of internet users and media content, it is very hard to track down hateful speech in audio and video. Converting video or audio into text does not detect hate speech accurately as human sometimes uses hateful words as humorous or pleasant in sense and also uses different voice tones or show different action in the video. The state-ofthe-art hate speech detection models were mostly developed on a single modality. In this research, a combined approach of multimodal system has been proposed to detect hate speech from video contents by extracting feature images, feature values extracted from the audio, text and used machine learning and Natural language processing.
Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 4 of its 37 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Jun 2023.
Builds on
4 of 37 references.
References · 4
- 2017Deep Learning for Hate Speech Detection in Tweetscited by 180
- 2017Measuring the Reliability of Hate Speech Annotations: The Case of the European Refugee Crisiscited by 95
- 2017Detecting Online Hate Speech Using Context Aware Modelscited by 72
- 2018Predictive Embeddings for Hate Speech Detection on Twittercited by 12
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 3; 2025: 2; 2026: 2.
8 papers.
- 2024Recent Advances in Hate Speech Moderation: Multimodality and the Role of Large Modelscited by 26
- 2025Efficient Hate Speech Detection: Evaluating 38 Models from Traditional Methods to Transformerscited by 3
- 2023ARC-NLP at Multimodal Hate Speech Event Detection 2023: Multimodal Methods Boosted by Ensemble Learning, Syntactical and Entity Featurescited by 2
- 2024MasonPerplexity at Multimodal Hate Speech Event Detection 2024: Hate Speech and Target Detection Using Transformer Ensemblescited by 2
- 2024Trustworthy Hate Speech Detection Through Visual Augmentationcited by 2
- 2025STEMTOX: From Collaborative Tags to Fine-Grained Toxic Meme Detection via Entropy-Guided Multi-Task Learningcited by 0
- 2026Detection of Hate and Threat in Digital Forensics: A Case-Driven Multimodal Approachcited by 0
- 2026Efficient Adaptation of LLMs for Hate Speech Detection in Low-Resource Languages: A Comparative Study on Roman Urducited by 0
- 2026Efficient Adaptation of LLMs for Hate Speech Detection in Low-Resource Languages: A Comparative Study on Roman Urdu6 Aug 2026
- 2026Detection of Hate and Threat in Digital Forensics: A Case-Driven Multimodal Approach8 Apr 2026
- 2025Efficient Hate Speech Detection: Evaluating 38 Models from Traditional Methods to Transformers14 Sep 2025
- 2025STEMTOX: From Collaborative Tags to Fine-Grained Toxic Meme Detection via Entropy-Guided Multi-Task Learning6 Aug 2025
- 2024Trustworthy Hate Speech Detection Through Visual Augmentation20 Sep 2024
- 2024MasonPerplexity at Multimodal Hate Speech Event Detection 2024: Hate Speech and Target Detection Using Transformer Ensembles3 Feb 2024
- 2024Recent Advances in Hate Speech Moderation: Multimodality and the Role of Large Models30 Jan 2024
- 2023ARC-NLP at Multimodal Hate Speech Event Detection 2023: Multimodal Methods Boosted by Ensemble Learning, Syntactical and Entity Features25 Jul 2023