mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Cross-Age LFW: A Database for Studying Cross-Age Face Recognition in Unconstrained Environments

arXiv 1708.08197 ↗First posted 28 Aug 2017cs.CV cs.DBcited by 258

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Abstract (arXiv)

Labeled Faces in the Wild (LFW) database has been widely utilized as the benchmark of unconstrained face verification and due to big data driven machine learning methods, the performance on the database approaches nearly 100%. However, we argue that this accuracy may be too optimistic because of some limiting factors. Besides different poses, illuminations, occlusions and expressions, cross-age face is another challenge in face recognition. Different ages of the same person result in large intra-class variations and aging process is unavoidable in real world face verification. However, LFW does not pay much attention on it. Thereby we construct a Cross-Age LFW (CALFW) which deliberately searches and selects 3,000 positive face pairs with age gaps to add aging process intra-class variance. Negative pairs with same gender and race are also selected to reduce the influence of attribute difference between positive/negative pairs and achieve face verification instead of attributes classification. We evaluate several metric learning and deep learning methods on the new database. Compared to the accuracy on LFW, the accuracy drops about 10%-17% on CALFW.

Key facts. Cited by 258 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 28 Aug 2017.

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 37; 2022: 42; 2023: 50; 2024: 55; 2025: 43; 2026: 31.

258 papers.

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  1. 2022AdaFace: Quality Adaptive Margin for Face Recognitioncited by 390
  2. 2021MagFace: A Universal Representation for Face Recognition and Quality Assessmentcited by 332
  3. 2021WebFace260M: A Benchmark Unveiling the Power of Million-Scale Deep Face Recognitioncited by 221
  4. 2021ElasticFace: Elastic Margin Loss for Deep Face Recognitioncited by 143
  5. 2023DCFace: Synthetic Face Generation with Dual Condition Diffusion Modelcited by 116
  6. 2024Arc2Face: A Foundation Model for ID-Consistent Human Facescited by 101
  7. 2022DigiFace-1M: 1 Million Digital Face Images for Face Recognitioncited by 92
  8. 2023IDiff-Face: Synthetic-based Face Recognition through Fizzy Identity-Conditioned Diffusion Modelscited by 72
  9. 2021CR-FIQA: Face Image Quality Assessment by Learning Sample Relative Classifiabilitycited by 68
  10. 2022SFace: Privacy-friendly and Accurate Face Recognition using Synthetic Datacited by 63
  11. 2021FaceX-Zoo: A PyTorch Toolbox for Face Recognitioncited by 49
  12. 2021Face Transformer for Recognitioncited by 45
38 more
  1. 2021SphereFace2: Binary Classification is All You Need for Deep Face Recognitioncited by 42
  2. 2022WebFace260M: A Benchmark for Million-Scale Deep Face Recognitioncited by 41
  3. 2021LiBRe: A Practical Bayesian Approach to Adversarial Detectioncited by 40
  4. 2023Synthetic Data for Face Recognition: Current State and Future Prospectscited by 38
  5. 2023SwinFace: A Multi-task Transformer for Face Recognition, Expression Recognition, Age Estimation and Attribute Estimationcited by 38
  6. 2024KeyPoint Relative Position Encoding for Face Recognitioncited by 37
  7. 2021PocketNet: Extreme Lightweight Face Recognition Network using Neural Architecture Search and Multi-Step Knowledge Distillationcited by 36
  8. 2024FaceXFormer: A Unified Transformer for Facial Analysiscited by 34
  9. 2021Cross-Quality LFW: A Database for Analyzing Cross-Resolution Image Face Recognition in Unconstrained Environmentscited by 33
  10. 2023EdgeFace: Efficient Face Recognition Model for Edge Devicescited by 33
  11. 2021When Age-Invariant Face Recognition Meets Face Age Synthesis: A Multi-Task Learning Frameworkcited by 29
  12. 2022Privacy-Preserving Face Recognition with Learnable Privacy Budgets in Frequency Domaincited by 28
  13. 2024SDFR: Synthetic Data for Face Recognition Competitioncited by 28
  14. 2022Unsupervised Face Recognition using Unlabeled Synthetic Datacited by 27
  15. 2023Identity-driven Three-Player Generative Adversarial Network for Synthetic-based Face Recognitioncited by 27
  16. 2021Face.evoLVe: A High-Performance Face Recognition Librarycited by 26
  17. 2022Rethinking Bias Mitigation: Fairer Architectures Make for Fairer Face Recognitioncited by 26
  18. 2021Federated Learning for Face Recognition with Gradient Correctioncited by 24
  19. 2024Privacy-Preserving Face Recognition Using Trainable Feature Subtractioncited by 24
  20. 2021SphereFace Revived: Unifying Hyperspherical Face Recognitioncited by 23
  21. 2023DifFIQA: Face Image Quality Assessment Using Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 22
  22. 2023ExFaceGAN: Exploring Identity Directions in GAN's Learned Latent Space for Synthetic Identity Generationcited by 22
  23. 2023TransFace++: Rethinking the Face Recognition Paradigm with a Focus on Accuracy, Efficiency, and Securitycited by 22
  24. 2024FRoundation: Are Foundation Models Ready for Face Recognition?cited by 22
  25. 2022SFace: Sigmoid-Constrained Hypersphere Loss for Robust Face Recognitioncited by 21
  26. 2021DeepFace-EMD: Re-ranking Using Patch-wise Earth Mover's Distance Improves Out-Of-Distribution Face Identificationcited by 20
  27. 2022Evaluation-oriented Knowledge Distillation for Deep Face Recognitioncited by 19
  28. 2022QuantFace: Towards Lightweight Face Recognition by Synthetic Data Low-bit Quantizationcited by 18
  29. 2022DuetFace: Collaborative Privacy-Preserving Face Recognition via Channel Splitting in the Frequency Domaincited by 18
  30. 2024ID3: Identity-Preserving-yet-Diversified Diffusion Models for Synthetic Face Recognitioncited by 18
  31. 2023A Quality Aware Sample-to-Sample Comparison for Face Recognitioncited by 17
  32. 2024Lightweight Pixel Difference Networks for Efficient Visual Representation Learningcited by 17
  33. 2023Privacy-Preserving Face Recognition Using Random Frequency Componentscited by 15
  34. 2024Vec2Face: Scaling Face Dataset Generation with Loosely Constrained Vectorscited by 15
  35. 2021Dynamic Class Queue for Large Scale Face Recognition In the Wildcited by 14
  36. 2025SapiensID: Foundation for Human Recognitioncited by 14
  37. 2022Explainable Model-Agnostic Similarity and Confidence in Face Verificationcited by 13
  38. 2023What Should Be Balanced in a "Balanced" Face Recognition Dataset?cited by 13

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