Identity-driven Three-Player Generative Adversarial Network for Synthetic-based Face Recognition
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Abstract (arXiv)
Many of the commonly used datasets for face recognition development are collected from the internet without proper user consent. Due to the increasing focus on privacy in the social and legal frameworks, the use and distribution of these datasets are being restricted and strongly questioned. These databases, which have a realistically high variability of data per identity, have enabled the success of face recognition models. To build on this success and to align with privacy concerns, synthetic databases, consisting purely of synthetic persons, are increasingly being created and used in the development of face recognition solutions. In this work, we present a three-player generative adversarial network (GAN) framework, namely IDnet, that enables the integration of identity information into the generation process. The third player in our IDnet aims at forcing the generator to learn to generate identity-separable face images. We empirically proved that our IDnet synthetic images are of higher identity discrimination in comparison to the conventional two-player GAN, while maintaining a realistic intra-identity variation. We further studied the identity link between the authentic identities used to train the generator and the generated synthetic identities, showing very low similarities between these identities. We demonstrated the applicability of our IDnet data in training face recognition models by evaluating these models on a wide set of face recognition benchmarks. In comparison to the state-of-the-art works in synthetic-based face recognition, our solution achieved comparable results to a recent rendering-based approach and outperformed all existing GAN-based approaches. The training code and the synthetic face image dataset are publicly available ( https://github.com/fdbtrs/Synthetic-Face-Recognition ).
Key facts. Cited by 27 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 30 of its 47 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Apr 2023.
Builds on
30 of 47 references.
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 4; 2024: 14; 2025: 6; 2026: 3.
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- 2023IDiff-Face: Synthetic-based Face Recognition through Fizzy Identity-Conditioned Diffusion Modelscited by 72
- 2023Synthetic Data for Face Recognition: Current State and Future Prospectscited by 38
- 2024SDFR: Synthetic Data for Face Recognition Competitioncited by 28
- 2023ExFaceGAN: Exploring Identity Directions in GAN's Learned Latent Space for Synthetic Identity Generationcited by 22
- 2024Edit Away and My Face Will not Stay: Personal Biometric Defense against Malicious Generative Editingcited by 21
- 2024ID3: Identity-Preserving-yet-Diversified Diffusion Models for Synthetic Face Recognitioncited by 18
- 2024Vec2Face: Scaling Face Dataset Generation with Loosely Constrained Vectorscited by 15
- 202550 Years of Automated Face Recognitioncited by 15
- 2024GraFIQs: Face Image Quality Assessment Using Gradient Magnitudescited by 13
- 2024Synthetic Face Datasets Generation via Latent Space Exploration from Brownian Identity Diffusioncited by 12
- 2024HyperFace: Generating Synthetic Face Recognition Datasets by Exploring Face Embedding Hyperspherecited by 12
- 2025Data Synthesis with Diverse Styles for Face Recognition via 3DMM-Guided Diffusioncited by 12
15 more
- 2023Bias and Diversity in Synthetic-based Face Recognitioncited by 11
- 2024Digi2Real: Bridging the Realism Gap in Synthetic Data Face Recognition via Foundation Modelscited by 9
- 2024VariFace: Fair and Diverse Synthetic Dataset Generation for Face Recognitioncited by 8
- 2024Synthesizing Iris Images using Generative Adversarial Networks: Survey and Comparative Analysiscited by 5
- 2024If It's Not Enough, Make It So: Reducing Authentic Data Demand in Face Recognition through Synthetic Facescited by 4
- 2024Unveiling Synthetic Faces: How Synthetic Datasets Can Expose Real Identitiescited by 3
- 2025NegFaceDiff: The Power of Negative Context in Identity-Conditioned Diffusion for Synthetic Face Generationcited by 3
- 2024Massively Annotated Datasets for Assessment of Synthetic and Real Data in Face Recognitioncited by 2
- 2024StyleDiT: A Unified Framework for Diverse Child and Partner Faces Synthesis with Style Latent Diffusion Transformercited by 2
- 2026IDperturb: Enhancing Variation in Synthetic Face Generation via Angular Perturbationcited by 2
- 2025Vec2Face+ for Face Dataset Generationcited by 1
- 2025Enhancing Domain Diversity in Synthetic Data Face Recognition with Dataset Fusioncited by 0
- 2025A Comparative Study on Synthetic Facial Data Generation Techniques for Face Recognitioncited by 0
- 2026Reinforcement-Guided Synthetic Data Generation for Privacy-Sensitive Identity Recognitioncited by 0
- 2026SynThermFace: Amplifying Limited Paired Data for Visible-Thermal Face Recognition via Synthetic Data Generationcited by 0
- 2026SynThermFace: Amplifying Limited Paired Data for Visible-Thermal Face Recognition via Synthetic Data Generation9 Sep 2026
- 2026Reinforcement-Guided Synthetic Data Generation for Privacy-Sensitive Identity Recognition9 Apr 2026
- 2026IDperturb: Enhancing Variation in Synthetic Face Generation via Angular Perturbation21 Feb 2026
- 2025A Comparative Study on Synthetic Facial Data Generation Techniques for Face Recognition5 Dec 2025
- 2025NegFaceDiff: The Power of Negative Context in Identity-Conditioned Diffusion for Synthetic Face Generation13 Aug 2025
- 2025Vec2Face+ for Face Dataset Generation23 Jul 2025
- 2025Enhancing Domain Diversity in Synthetic Data Face Recognition with Dataset Fusion22 Jul 2025
- 202550 Years of Automated Face Recognition30 May 2025
- 2025Data Synthesis with Diverse Styles for Face Recognition via 3DMM-Guided Diffusion1 Apr 2025
- 2024StyleDiT: A Unified Framework for Diverse Child and Partner Faces Synthesis with Style Latent Diffusion Transformer14 Dec 2024
- 2024VariFace: Fair and Diverse Synthetic Dataset Generation for Face Recognition9 Dec 2024
- 2024Edit Away and My Face Will not Stay: Personal Biometric Defense against Malicious Generative Editing25 Nov 2024
15 more
- 2024HyperFace: Generating Synthetic Face Recognition Datasets by Exploring Face Embedding Hypersphere13 Nov 2024
- 2024Digi2Real: Bridging the Realism Gap in Synthetic Data Face Recognition via Foundation Models4 Nov 2024
- 2024Unveiling Synthetic Faces: How Synthetic Datasets Can Expose Real Identities31 Oct 2024
- 2024ID3: Identity-Preserving-yet-Diversified Diffusion Models for Synthetic Face Recognition26 Sep 2024
- 2024Vec2Face: Scaling Face Dataset Generation with Loosely Constrained Vectors4 Sep 2024
- 2024Synthetic Face Datasets Generation via Latent Space Exploration from Brownian Identity Diffusion30 Apr 2024
- 2024Synthesizing Iris Images using Generative Adversarial Networks: Survey and Comparative Analysis26 Apr 2024
- 2024Massively Annotated Datasets for Assessment of Synthetic and Real Data in Face Recognition23 Apr 2024
- 2024GraFIQs: Face Image Quality Assessment Using Gradient Magnitudes18 Apr 2024
- 2024SDFR: Synthetic Data for Face Recognition Competition6 Apr 2024
- 2024If It's Not Enough, Make It So: Reducing Authentic Data Demand in Face Recognition through Synthetic Faces4 Apr 2024
- 2023Bias and Diversity in Synthetic-based Face Recognition7 Nov 2023
- 2023IDiff-Face: Synthetic-based Face Recognition through Fizzy Identity-Conditioned Diffusion Models9 Aug 2023
- 2023ExFaceGAN: Exploring Identity Directions in GAN's Learned Latent Space for Synthetic Identity Generation11 Jul 2023
- 2023Synthetic Data for Face Recognition: Current State and Future Prospects1 May 2023
- 2023IDiff-Face: Synthetic-based Face Recognition through Fizzy Identity-Conditioned Diffusion Modelscited by 72
- 2024Edit Away and My Face Will not Stay: Personal Biometric Defense against Malicious Generative Editingcited by 21
- 2024ID3: Identity-Preserving-yet-Diversified Diffusion Models for Synthetic Face Recognitioncited by 18
- 2025Data Synthesis with Diverse Styles for Face Recognition via 3DMM-Guided Diffusioncited by 12
- 2025NegFaceDiff: The Power of Negative Context in Identity-Conditioned Diffusion for Synthetic Face Generationcited by 3
- 2024StyleDiT: A Unified Framework for Diverse Child and Partner Faces Synthesis with Style Latent Diffusion Transformercited by 2
- 2026IDperturb: Enhancing Variation in Synthetic Face Generation via Angular Perturbationcited by 2
- 2026IDperturb: Enhancing Variation in Synthetic Face Generation via Angular Perturbation21 Feb 2026
- 2025NegFaceDiff: The Power of Negative Context in Identity-Conditioned Diffusion for Synthetic Face Generation13 Aug 2025
- 2025Data Synthesis with Diverse Styles for Face Recognition via 3DMM-Guided Diffusion1 Apr 2025
- 2024StyleDiT: A Unified Framework for Diverse Child and Partner Faces Synthesis with Style Latent Diffusion Transformer14 Dec 2024
- 2024Edit Away and My Face Will not Stay: Personal Biometric Defense against Malicious Generative Editing25 Nov 2024
- 2024ID3: Identity-Preserving-yet-Diversified Diffusion Models for Synthetic Face Recognition26 Sep 2024
- 2023IDiff-Face: Synthetic-based Face Recognition through Fizzy Identity-Conditioned Diffusion Models9 Aug 2023
- 2023Synthetic Data for Face Recognition: Current State and Future Prospectscited by 38
- 2024SDFR: Synthetic Data for Face Recognition Competitioncited by 28
- 2023ExFaceGAN: Exploring Identity Directions in GAN's Learned Latent Space for Synthetic Identity Generationcited by 22
- 2024Vec2Face: Scaling Face Dataset Generation with Loosely Constrained Vectorscited by 15
- 202550 Years of Automated Face Recognitioncited by 15
- 2024GraFIQs: Face Image Quality Assessment Using Gradient Magnitudescited by 13
- 2024Synthetic Face Datasets Generation via Latent Space Exploration from Brownian Identity Diffusioncited by 12
- 2024HyperFace: Generating Synthetic Face Recognition Datasets by Exploring Face Embedding Hyperspherecited by 12
- 2023Bias and Diversity in Synthetic-based Face Recognitioncited by 11
- 2024VariFace: Fair and Diverse Synthetic Dataset Generation for Face Recognitioncited by 8
- 2024Synthesizing Iris Images using Generative Adversarial Networks: Survey and Comparative Analysiscited by 5
- 2024If It's Not Enough, Make It So: Reducing Authentic Data Demand in Face Recognition through Synthetic Facescited by 4
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- 2026SynThermFace: Amplifying Limited Paired Data for Visible-Thermal Face Recognition via Synthetic Data Generation9 Sep 2026
- 2026Reinforcement-Guided Synthetic Data Generation for Privacy-Sensitive Identity Recognition9 Apr 2026
- 2025A Comparative Study on Synthetic Facial Data Generation Techniques for Face Recognition5 Dec 2025
- 2025Vec2Face+ for Face Dataset Generation23 Jul 2025
- 2025Enhancing Domain Diversity in Synthetic Data Face Recognition with Dataset Fusion22 Jul 2025
- 202550 Years of Automated Face Recognition30 May 2025
- 2024VariFace: Fair and Diverse Synthetic Dataset Generation for Face Recognition9 Dec 2024
- 2024HyperFace: Generating Synthetic Face Recognition Datasets by Exploring Face Embedding Hypersphere13 Nov 2024
- 2024Unveiling Synthetic Faces: How Synthetic Datasets Can Expose Real Identities31 Oct 2024
- 2024Vec2Face: Scaling Face Dataset Generation with Loosely Constrained Vectors4 Sep 2024
- 2024Synthetic Face Datasets Generation via Latent Space Exploration from Brownian Identity Diffusion30 Apr 2024
- 2024Synthesizing Iris Images using Generative Adversarial Networks: Survey and Comparative Analysis26 Apr 2024
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