Text to 3D Scene Generation with Rich Lexical Grounding
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Abstract (arXiv)
The ability to map descriptions of scenes to 3D geometric representations has many applications in areas such as art, education, and robotics. However, prior work on the text to 3D scene generation task has used manually specified object categories and language that identifies them. We introduce a dataset of 3D scenes annotated with natural language descriptions and learn from this data how to ground textual descriptions to physical objects. Our method successfully grounds a variety of lexical terms to concrete referents, and we show quantitatively that our method improves 3D scene generation over previous work using purely rule-based methods. We evaluate the fidelity and plausibility of 3D scenes generated with our grounding approach through human judgments. To ease evaluation on this task, we also introduce an automated metric that strongly correlates with human judgments.
Key facts. Cited by 36 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 23 May 2015.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 3; 2023: 7; 2024: 11; 2025: 6; 2026: 6.
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- 2021Zero-Shot Text-Guided Object Generation with Dream Fieldscited by 513
- 2022ProcTHOR: Large-Scale Embodied AI Using Procedural Generationcited by 380
- 2024SceneCraft: An LLM Agent for Synthesizing 3D Scene as Blender Codecited by 134
- 2024InstructScene: Instruction-Driven 3D Indoor Scene Synthesis with Semantic Graph Priorcited by 117
- 2024GALA3D: Towards Text-to-3D Complex Scene Generation via Layout-guided Generative Gaussian Splattingcited by 109
- 2024RealmDreamer: Text-Driven 3D Scene Generation with Inpainting and Depth Diffusioncited by 109
- 2024I-Design: Personalized LLM Interior Designercited by 87
- 2024EchoScene: Indoor Scene Generation via Information Echo over Scene Graph Diffusioncited by 67
- 2023Graphologue: Exploring Large Language Model Responses with Interactive Diagramscited by 66
- 2022MIME: Human-Aware 3D Scene Generationcited by 57
- 2021Grounding 'Grounding' in NLPcited by 44
- 2023SceneHGN: Hierarchical Graph Networks for 3D Indoor Scene Generation with Fine-Grained Geometrycited by 39
24 more
- 2021Indoor Scene Generation from a Collection of Semantic-Segmented Depth Imagescited by 27
- 2025SceneEval: Evaluating Semantic Coherence in Text-Conditioned 3D Indoor Scene Synthesiscited by 26
- 2023A Theory of Multimodal Learningcited by 25
- 2024Chat2Layout: Interactive 3D Furniture Layout with a Multimodal LLMcited by 21
- 2024Neural MP: A Generalist Neural Motion Plannercited by 19
- 2023XVO: Generalized Visual Odometry via Cross-Modal Self-Trainingcited by 18
- 2025OptiScene: LLM-driven Indoor Scene Layout Generation via Scaled Human-aligned Data Synthesis and Multi-Stage Preference Optimizationcited by 14
- 2023Aladdin: Zero-Shot Hallucination of Stylized 3D Assets from Abstract Scene Descriptionscited by 11
- 2023Language-driven Scene Synthesis using Multi-conditional Diffusion Modelcited by 10
- 2025PlaceIt3D: Language-Guided Object Placement in Real 3D Scenescited by 9
- 2025FreeScene: Mixed Graph Diffusion for 3D Scene Synthesis from Free Promptscited by 8
- 2026GS-Agent: Creating 4D Physical Worlds With Generative Simulationcited by 5
- 2022Point Cloud Generation with Continuous Conditioningcited by 4
- 2024Multimodal Classification via Modal-Aware Interactive Enhancementcited by 4
- 2024Automatic Scene Generation: State-of-the-Art Techniques, Models, Datasets, Challenges, and Future Prospectscited by 2
- 2026DreamPartGen: Semantically Grounded Part-Level 3D Generation via Collaborative Latent Denoisingcited by 2
- 2023On the Computational Benefit of Multimodal Learningcited by 1
- 2026HOG-Layout: Hierarchical 3D Scene Generation, Optimization and Editing via Vision-Language Modelscited by 1
- 2026Function2Scene: 3D Indoor Scene Layout from Functional Specificationscited by 1
- 2026iARCS: Iterative Agentic RL for Controllable 3D Scene Generationcited by 1
- 2024VP-LLM: Text-Driven 3D Volume Completion with Large Language Models through Patchificationcited by 0
- 2025LPA3D: 3D Room-Level Scene Generation from In-the-Wild Imagescited by 0
- 2025Sceniris: A Fast Procedural Scene Generation Frameworkcited by 0
- 2026ThinkBLOX: 3D Indoor Scene Generation with Progressive Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026iARCS: Iterative Agentic RL for Controllable 3D Scene Generation6 Aug 2026
- 2026GS-Agent: Creating 4D Physical Worlds With Generative Simulation23 Jul 2026
- 2026ThinkBLOX: 3D Indoor Scene Generation with Progressive Reasoning15 Jul 2026
- 2026Function2Scene: 3D Indoor Scene Layout from Functional Specifications29 May 2026
- 2026HOG-Layout: Hierarchical 3D Scene Generation, Optimization and Editing via Vision-Language Models12 Apr 2026
- 2026DreamPartGen: Semantically Grounded Part-Level 3D Generation via Collaborative Latent Denoising19 Mar 2026
- 2025Sceniris: A Fast Procedural Scene Generation Framework18 Dec 2025
- 2025OptiScene: LLM-driven Indoor Scene Layout Generation via Scaled Human-aligned Data Synthesis and Multi-Stage Preference Optimization9 Jun 2025
- 2025FreeScene: Mixed Graph Diffusion for 3D Scene Synthesis from Free Prompts3 Jun 2025
- 2025PlaceIt3D: Language-Guided Object Placement in Real 3D Scenes8 May 2025
- 2025LPA3D: 3D Room-Level Scene Generation from In-the-Wild Images3 Apr 2025
- 2025SceneEval: Evaluating Semantic Coherence in Text-Conditioned 3D Indoor Scene Synthesis18 Mar 2025
24 more
- 2024Automatic Scene Generation: State-of-the-Art Techniques, Models, Datasets, Challenges, and Future Prospects14 Sep 2024
- 2024Neural MP: A Generalist Neural Motion Planner9 Sep 2024
- 2024Chat2Layout: Interactive 3D Furniture Layout with a Multimodal LLM31 Jul 2024
- 2024Multimodal Classification via Modal-Aware Interactive Enhancement5 Jul 2024
- 2024VP-LLM: Text-Driven 3D Volume Completion with Large Language Models through Patchification8 Jun 2024
- 2024EchoScene: Indoor Scene Generation via Information Echo over Scene Graph Diffusion2 May 2024
- 2024RealmDreamer: Text-Driven 3D Scene Generation with Inpainting and Depth Diffusion10 Apr 2024
- 2024I-Design: Personalized LLM Interior Designer3 Apr 2024
- 2024SceneCraft: An LLM Agent for Synthesizing 3D Scene as Blender Code2 Mar 2024
- 2024GALA3D: Towards Text-to-3D Complex Scene Generation via Layout-guided Generative Gaussian Splatting11 Feb 2024
- 2024InstructScene: Instruction-Driven 3D Indoor Scene Synthesis with Semantic Graph Prior7 Feb 2024
- 2023Language-driven Scene Synthesis using Multi-conditional Diffusion Model24 Oct 2023
- 2023XVO: Generalized Visual Odometry via Cross-Modal Self-Training28 Sep 2023
- 2023On the Computational Benefit of Multimodal Learning25 Sep 2023
- 2023A Theory of Multimodal Learning21 Sep 2023
- 2023Aladdin: Zero-Shot Hallucination of Stylized 3D Assets from Abstract Scene Descriptions9 Jun 2023
- 2023Graphologue: Exploring Large Language Model Responses with Interactive Diagrams19 May 2023
- 2023SceneHGN: Hierarchical Graph Networks for 3D Indoor Scene Generation with Fine-Grained Geometry16 Feb 2023
- 2022MIME: Human-Aware 3D Scene Generation8 Dec 2022
- 2022ProcTHOR: Large-Scale Embodied AI Using Procedural Generation14 Jun 2022
- 2022Point Cloud Generation with Continuous Conditioning17 Feb 2022
- 2021Zero-Shot Text-Guided Object Generation with Dream Fields2 Dec 2021
- 2021Indoor Scene Generation from a Collection of Semantic-Segmented Depth Images20 Aug 2021
- 2021Grounding 'Grounding' in NLP4 Jun 2021
- 2021Zero-Shot Text-Guided Object Generation with Dream Fieldscited by 513
- 2022ProcTHOR: Large-Scale Embodied AI Using Procedural Generationcited by 380
- 2024InstructScene: Instruction-Driven 3D Indoor Scene Synthesis with Semantic Graph Priorcited by 117
- 2024GALA3D: Towards Text-to-3D Complex Scene Generation via Layout-guided Generative Gaussian Splattingcited by 109
- 2024I-Design: Personalized LLM Interior Designercited by 87
- 2023Graphologue: Exploring Large Language Model Responses with Interactive Diagramscited by 66
- 2022MIME: Human-Aware 3D Scene Generationcited by 57
- 2021Grounding 'Grounding' in NLPcited by 44
- 2023SceneHGN: Hierarchical Graph Networks for 3D Indoor Scene Generation with Fine-Grained Geometrycited by 39
- 2021Indoor Scene Generation from a Collection of Semantic-Segmented Depth Imagescited by 27
- 2025SceneEval: Evaluating Semantic Coherence in Text-Conditioned 3D Indoor Scene Synthesiscited by 26
- 2023A Theory of Multimodal Learningcited by 25
12 most cited of 26 All 26 (JSON)
- 2026Function2Scene: 3D Indoor Scene Layout from Functional Specifications29 May 2026
- 2026DreamPartGen: Semantically Grounded Part-Level 3D Generation via Collaborative Latent Denoising19 Mar 2026
- 2025Sceniris: A Fast Procedural Scene Generation Framework18 Dec 2025
- 2025FreeScene: Mixed Graph Diffusion for 3D Scene Synthesis from Free Prompts3 Jun 2025
- 2025PlaceIt3D: Language-Guided Object Placement in Real 3D Scenes8 May 2025
- 2025LPA3D: 3D Room-Level Scene Generation from In-the-Wild Images3 Apr 2025
- 2025SceneEval: Evaluating Semantic Coherence in Text-Conditioned 3D Indoor Scene Synthesis18 Mar 2025
- 2024Automatic Scene Generation: State-of-the-Art Techniques, Models, Datasets, Challenges, and Future Prospects14 Sep 2024
- 2024Neural MP: A Generalist Neural Motion Planner9 Sep 2024
- 2024Multimodal Classification via Modal-Aware Interactive Enhancement5 Jul 2024
- 2024VP-LLM: Text-Driven 3D Volume Completion with Large Language Models through Patchification8 Jun 2024
- 2024I-Design: Personalized LLM Interior Designer3 Apr 2024
12 newest of 26 All 26 (JSON)