mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

ClawsBench: Evaluating Capability and Safety of LLM Productivity Agents in Simulated Workspaces

arXiv 2604.05172 ↗First posted 6 Apr 2026cs.AIcited by 33

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks

Abstract (arXiv)

Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed to automate productivity tasks (e.g., email, scheduling, document management), but evaluating them on live services is risky due to potentially irreversible changes. Existing benchmarks rely on simplified environments and fail to capture realistic, stateful, multi-service workflows. We introduce ClawsBench, a benchmark for evaluating and improving LLM agents in realistic productivity settings. It includes five high-fidelity mock services (Gmail, Slack, Google Calendar, Google Docs, Google Drive) with full state management and deterministic snapshot/restore, along with 44 structured tasks covering single-service, cross-service, and safety-critical scenarios. We decompose agent scaffolding into two independent levers (domain skills that inject API knowledge via progressive disclosure, and a meta prompt that coordinates behavior across services) and vary both to measure their separate and combined effects. Experiments across 6 models, 4 agent harnesses, and 33 conditions show that with full scaffolding, agents achieve task success rates of 39-64% but exhibit unsafe action rates of 7-33%. On OpenClaw, the top five models fall within a 10 percentage-point band on task success (53-63%), with unsafe action rates from 7% to 23% and no consistent ordering between the two metrics. We identify eight recurring patterns of unsafe behavior, including multi-step sandbox escalation and silent contract modification. We release the trajectories and future dataset at https://clawsbench.com.

Key facts. Cited by 33 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 46 of its 71 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Apr 2026.

Builds on

46 of 71 references.

Closest ancestors · 7

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2026EnterpriseOps-Gym: Environments and Evaluations for Stateful Agentic Planning and Tool Use in Enterprise Settings13 Mar
  2. 2025Can LLMs Help You at Work? A Sandbox for Evaluating LLM Agents in Enterprise Environments31 Oct
  3. 2025Vending-Bench: A Benchmark for Long-Term Coherence of Autonomous Agents20 Feb
  4. 2024CRMArena: Understanding the Capacity of LLM Agents to Perform Professional CRM Tasks in Realistic Environments4 Nov
  5. 2024τ-bench: A Benchmark for Tool-Agent-User Interaction in Real-World Domains17 Jun
  6. 2024WorkBench: a Benchmark Dataset for Agents in a Realistic Workplace Setting1 May
  7. 2024TravelPlanner: A Benchmark for Real-World Planning with Language Agents2 Feb

Other references · 39

  1. 2023SWE-bench: Can Language Models Resolve Real-World GitHub Issues?cited by 3,373
  2. 2024LiveCodeBench: Holistic and Contamination Free Evaluation of Large Language Models for Codecited by 2,004
  3. 2023Mind2Web: Towards a Generalist Agent for the Webcited by 1,242
  4. 2025BrowseComp: A Simple Yet Challenging Benchmark for Browsing Agentscited by 647
  5. 2025τ2-Bench: Evaluating Conversational Agents in a Dual-Control Environmentcited by 627
  6. 2023API-Bank: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Tool-Augmented LLMscited by 591
  7. 2026Terminal-Bench: Benchmarking Agents on Hard, Realistic Tasks in Command Line Interfacescited by 585
  8. 2023Identifying the Risks of LM Agents with an LM-Emulated Sandboxcited by 548
  9. 2024BigCodeBench: Benchmarking Code Generation with Diverse Function Calls and Complex Instructionscited by 546
  10. 2024AgentHarm: A Benchmark for Measuring Harmfulness of LLM Agentscited by 437
  11. 2024AppWorld: A Controllable World of Apps and People for Benchmarking Interactive Coding Agentscited by 401
  12. 2024WorkArena: How Capable Are Web Agents at Solving Common Knowledge Work Tasks?cited by 363
27 more
  1. 2024Agent-SafetyBench: Evaluating the Safety of LLM Agentscited by 306
  2. 2024ToolSandbox: A Stateful, Conversational, Interactive Evaluation Benchmark for LLM Tool Use Capabilitiescited by 295
  3. 2023MetaTool Benchmark for Large Language Models: Deciding Whether to Use Tools and Which to Usecited by 217
  4. 2025ARC-AGI-2: A New Challenge for Frontier AI Reasoning Systemscited by 190
  5. 2024ST-WebAgentBench: A Benchmark for Evaluating Safety and Trustworthiness in Web Agentscited by 133
  6. 2024NATURAL PLAN: Benchmarking LLMs on Natural Language Planningcited by 128
  7. 2026Agent Skills for Large Language Models: Architecture, Acquisition, Security, and the Path Forwardcited by 113
  8. 2025OS-Harm: A Benchmark for Measuring Safety of Computer Use Agentscited by 111
  9. 2026Agent Skills in the Wild: An Empirical Study of Security Vulnerabilities at Scalecited by 105
  10. 2024WorkArena++: Towards Compositional Planning and Reasoning-based Common Knowledge Work Taskscited by 90
  11. 2026XSkill: Continual Learning from Experience and Skills in Multimodal Agentscited by 75
  12. 2025ACEBench: Who Wins the Match Point in Tool Usage?cited by 71
  13. 2026MCP-Atlas: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Tool-Use Competency with Real MCP Serverscited by 53
  14. 2025ITBench: Evaluating AI Agents across Diverse Real-World IT Automation Taskscited by 51
  15. 2025ToolHop: A Query-Driven Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models in Multi-Hop Tool Usecited by 50
  16. 2025MCP-RADAR: A Multi-Dimensional Benchmark for Evaluating Tool Use Capabilities in Large Language Modelscited by 48
  17. 2025CRMArena-Pro: Holistic Assessment of LLM Agents Across Diverse Business Scenarios and Interactionscited by 47
  18. 2025MCP-SafetyBench: A Benchmark for Safety Evaluation of Large Language Models with Real-World MCP Serverscited by 34
  19. 2025MCPToolBench++: A Large Scale AI Agent Model Context Protocol MCP Tool Use Benchmarkcited by 32
  20. 2026From Assistant to Double Agent: Formalizing and Benchmarking Attacks on OpenClaw for Personalized Local AI Agentcited by 29
  21. 2025MCPVerse: An Expansive, Real-World Benchmark for Agentic Tool Usecited by 16
  22. 2026ASTRA-bench: Evaluating Tool-Use Agent Reasoning and Action Planning with Personal User Contextcited by 14
  23. 2026Agent-Diff: Benchmarking LLM Agents on Enterprise API Tasks via Code Execution with State-Diff-Based Evaluationcited by 13
  24. 2026DevOps-Gym: Benchmarking AI Agents in Software DevOps Cyclecited by 11
  25. 2026World of Workflows: A Benchmark for Bringing World Models to Enterprise Systemscited by 11
  26. 2025CodeArena: A Collective Evaluation Platform for LLM Code Generationcited by 10
  27. 2026BeSafe-Bench: Unveiling Behavioral Safety Risks of Situated Agents in Functional Environmentscited by 4

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 33.

33 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2026Workspace-Bench 1.0: Benchmarking AI Agents on Workspace Tasks with Large-Scale File Dependenciescited by 29
  2. 2026ClawMark: A Living-World Benchmark for Multi-Turn, Multi-Day, Multimodal Coworker Agentscited by 17
  3. 2026Do Androids Dream of Breaking the Game? Systematically Auditing AI Agent Benchmarks with BenchJackcited by 14
  4. 2026Auditing Agent Harness Safetycited by 11
  5. 2026ClawEnvKit: Automatic Environment Generation for Claw-Like Agentscited by 8
  6. 2026Claw-SWE-Bench: A Benchmark for Evaluating OpenClaw-style Agent Harnesses on Coding Taskscited by 8
  7. 2026π-Bench: Evaluating Proactive Personal Assistant Agents in Long-Horizon Workflowscited by 6
  8. 2026Tencent WorkBuddy Bench: A Multi-Domain Coding-Agent Benchmark with Contamination-Resistant Task Constructioncited by 6
  9. 2026LITMUS: Benchmarking Behavioral Jailbreaks of LLM Agents in Real OS Environmentscited by 5
  10. 2026ClawForge: Generating Executable Interactive Benchmarks for Command-Line Agentscited by 3
  11. 2026SentinelBench: A Benchmark for Long-Running Monitoring Agentscited by 3
  12. 2026OpenSkillRisk: Benchmarking Agent Safety When Using Real-World Risky Third-Party Skillscited by 3
21 more
  1. 2026Agent-ValueBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Evaluating Agent Valuescited by 2
  2. 2026ASEval: Automated Trajectory-Level Security Testing for Autonomous Agentscited by 2
  3. 2026STAGE-Claw: Automated State-based Agent Benchmarking for Realistic Scenarioscited by 2
  4. 2026HarnessRisk: A Lifecycle-Oriented Benchmark for Agent Harness Safetycited by 2
  5. 2026PalmClaw: A Native On-Device Agent Framework for Mobile Phonescited by 1
  6. 2026ClawTrack: Towards Trace-Level Evaluation and Improvement of Real-World Autonomous Agentscited by 1
  7. 2026What Keeps Agent Skills from Being Reusable? Evidence from 138K SKILL.md Filescited by 1
  8. 2026Terminal Agents: A Survey of AI Agents in Command-Line Environmentscited by 1
  9. 2026DuMateBench: Evaluating Autonomous Agents in Complex Real-World Workflowscited by 1
  10. 2026Influence Is Not Authority: When Causal Guardrail Signals Make Legitimate Tool Use Look Like an Attack in Tool-Using LLM Agentscited by 1
  11. 2026BenchShield: Formal Model-Backed Instrumentation for Reward Integrity in LLM-Agent Evaluation Infrastructurecited by 1
  12. 2026ClawProBench: Trace-Aware Evaluation of AI Agents with Runtime Coverage and Frozen Workplace-Style Holdoutscited by 0
  13. 2026DAREBench: Deployment-Aware and Reliable Evaluation of Models as Agentscited by 0
  14. 2026SiliconBench: Speed, Memory, and Fidelity for LLM Serving on Unified-Memory Desktopscited by 0
  15. 2026Et Tu, Brute? Economic Misalignment in Personal AI Agentscited by 0
  16. 2026The Hard Part Comes After Search: Benchmarking Web Agents on Synthesizing, Organizing, and Displaying Knowledgecited by 0
  17. 2026EmailBench: A Benchmark for Evaluating LLM Agents on Enterprise Email and Productivity Taskscited by 0
  18. 2026Trust and Task Completion in the World of Consumer AI Agentscited by 0
  19. 2026Deny Without Disabling: Authorization-Paired Evaluation and Control for Multi-Agent Systemscited by 0
  20. 2026Agent-Canary-Mas: End-to-End Evaluation of Protocol Risk in Long-Horizon Multi-Agent Systemscited by 0
  21. 2026Holding Agents Accountable with Verifiable Agent Insurancecited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025OdysseyBench: Evaluating LLM Agents on Long-Horizon Complex Office Application Workflows
  2. 2026LiveClawBench: Benchmarking LLM Agents on Complex, Real-World Assistant Tasks
  3. 2026Claw-Eval-Live: A Live Agent Benchmark for Evolving Real-World Workflows
  4. 2026OmegaUse-OfficeVal: Benchmarking LLM Agents on Long-Horizon Office-Suite Tasks with Economic Grounding
  5. 2026ClawArena-Team: Benchmarking Subagent Orchestration and Dynamic Workflows in Language-Model Agents
  6. 2026E-Bench: Benchmarking Multi-Step Tool-Use Agents in Real-World Product Scenarios
  7. 2024OfficeBench: Benchmarking Language Agents across Multiple Applications for Office Automation
  8. 2026PolyWorkBench: Benchmarking LLM Agents for Cross-Lingual Long-Horizon Workflows