MCP-RADAR: A Multi-Dimensional Benchmark for Evaluating Tool Use Capabilities in Large Language Models
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Tool learning and function calling
Abstract (arXiv)
As Large Language Models (LLMs) evolve from passive text generators to active reasoning agents capable of interacting with external tools, the Model Context Protocol (MCP) has emerged as a key standardized framework for dynamic tool discovery and orchestration. Despite its widespread industry adoption, existing evaluation methods do not adequately assess tool utilization capabilities under this new paradigm. To address this gap, this paper introduces MCP-RADAR, the first comprehensive benchmark specifically designed to evaluate LLM performance within the MCP framework. MCP-RADAR features a challenging dataset of 507 tasks spanning six domains: mathematical reasoning, web search, email, calendar, file management, and terminal operations. It quantifies performance based on two primary criteria: answer correctness and operational accuracy. To closely emulate real-world usage, our evaluation employs both authentic MCP tools and high-fidelity simulations of official tools. Unlike traditional benchmarks that rely on subjective human evaluation or binary success metrics, MCP-RADAR adopts objective, quantifiable measurements across multiple task domains, including computational resource efficiency and the number of successful tool-invocation rounds. Our evaluation of leading closed-source and open-source LLMs reveals distinct capability profiles and highlights a significant trade-off between accuracy and efficiency. Our findings provide actionable insights for both LLM developers and tool creators, establishing a standardized methodology applicable to the broader LLM agent ecosystem. All implementations, configurations, and datasets are publicly available at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/MCPRadar-B143.
Key facts. Cited by 48 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Tool learning and function calling, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 30 of its 52 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 May 2025.
Builds on
30 of 52 references.
Closest ancestors · 9
Same direction, newest first
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- 2023ToolAlpaca: Generalized Tool Learning for Language Models with 3000 Simulated Cases8 Jun
- 2023Gorilla: Large Language Model Connected with Massive APIs24 May
- 2023API-Bank: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Tool-Augmented LLMs14 Apr
- 2023Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Tools9 Feb
- 2022TALM: Tool Augmented Language Models24 May
Other references · 21
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,419
- 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,459
- 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 10,109
- 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,963
- 2021Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Datasetcited by 5,371
- 2021Program Synthesis with Large Language Modelscited by 3,637
- 2023AgentBench: Evaluating LLMs as Agentscited by 1,267
- 2020ALFWorld: Aligning Text and Embodied Environments for Interactive Learningcited by 1,205
- 2023GAIA: a benchmark for General AI Assistantscited by 1,128
- 2020Exploiting Cloze Questions for Few Shot Text Classification and Natural Language Inferencecited by 938
- 2023AGIEval: A Human-Centric Benchmark for Evaluating Foundation Modelscited by 716
- 2023Chameleon: Plug-and-Play Compositional Reasoning with Large Language Modelscited by 356
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- 2023TaskMatrix.AI: Completing Tasks by Connecting Foundation Models with Millions of APIscited by 184
- 2023RestGPT: Connecting Large Language Models with Real-World RESTful APIscited by 135
- 2023On the Tool Manipulation Capability of Open-source Large Language Modelscited by 122
- 2023Tool Documentation Enables Zero-Shot Tool-Usage with Large Language Modelscited by 68
- 2024WorkBench: a Benchmark Dataset for Agents in a Realistic Workplace Settingcited by 53
- 2023Interactive Natural Language Processingcited by 31
- 2024MTU-Bench: A Multi-granularity Tool-Use Benchmark for Large Language Modelscited by 17
- 2024AutoFeedback: An LLM-based Framework for Efficient and Accurate API Request Generationcited by 3
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 27; 2026: 21.
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