π-Bench: Evaluating Proactive Personal Assistant Agents in Long-Horizon Workflows
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks
Abstract (arXiv)
The rise of personal assistant agents, e.g., OpenClaw, highlights the growing potential of large language models to support users across everyday life and work. A core challenge in these settings is proactive assistance, since users often begin with underspecified requests and leave important needs, constraints, or preferences unstated. However, existing benchmarks rarely evaluate whether agents can identify and act on such hidden intents before they are explicitly stated, especially in sustained multi-turn interactions where user needs emerge gradually. To address this gap, we introduce π-Bench, a benchmark for proactive assistance comprising 100 multi-turn tasks across 5 domain-specific user personas. By incorporating hidden user intents, inter-task dependencies, and cross-session continuity, π-Bench evaluates agents' ability to anticipate and address user needs over extended interactions, jointly measuring proactivity and task completion in long-horizon trajectories that better reflect real-world use. Experiments show (1) proactive assistance remains challenging, (2) a clear distinction between task completion and proactivity, and (3) the value of prior interaction for proactive intent resolution in later tasks.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 36 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 May 2026.
Builds on
36 of 50 references.
Closest ancestors · 8
Same direction, newest first
- 2026Claw-Eval: Towards Trustworthy Evaluation of Autonomous Agents7 Apr
- 2026ClawsBench: Evaluating Capability and Safety of LLM Productivity Agents in Simulated Workspaces6 Apr
- 2026ClawArena: Benchmarking AI Agents in Evolving Information Environments5 Apr
- 2026EnterpriseOps-Gym: Environments and Evaluations for Stateful Agentic Planning and Tool Use in Enterprise Settings13 Mar
- 2026APEX-Agents20 Jan
- 2025Stochasticity in Agentic Evaluations: Quantifying Inconsistency with Intraclass Correlation7 Dec
- 2024τ-bench: A Benchmark for Tool-Agent-User Interaction in Real-World Domains17 Jun
- 2023AgentBench: Evaluating LLMs as Agents7 Aug
Other references · 28
- 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,355
- 2023Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Toolscited by 4,072
- 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agentscited by 1,908
- 2023Gorilla: Large Language Model Connected with Massive APIscited by 1,302
- 2024OSWorld: Benchmarking Multimodal Agents for Open-Ended Tasks in Real Computer Environmentscited by 1,134
- 2023GAIA: a benchmark for General AI Assistantscited by 1,084
- 2025DeepSeek-V3.2: Pushing the Frontier of Open Large Language Modelscited by 755
- 2026Kimi K2.5: Visual Agentic Intelligencecited by 449
- 2024AppWorld: A Controllable World of Apps and People for Benchmarking Interactive Coding Agentscited by 359
- 2024WorkArena: How Capable Are Web Agents at Solving Common Knowledge Work Tasks?cited by 348
- 2026MemoryArena: Benchmarking Agent Memory in Interdependent Multi-Session Agentic Taskscited by 72
- 2026SkillX: Automatically Constructing Skill Knowledge Bases for Agentscited by 69
16 more
- 2024Learning to Clarify: Multi-turn Conversations with Action-Based Contrastive Self-Trainingcited by 53
- 2026Mem2ActBench: A Benchmark for Evaluating Long-Term Memory Utilization in Task-Oriented Autonomous Agentscited by 30
- 2026ClawBench: Can AI Agents Complete Everyday Online Tasks?cited by 28
- 2026KnowU-Bench: Towards Interactive, Proactive, and Personalized Mobile Agent Evaluationcited by 19
- 2026MemGUI-Bench: Benchmarking Memory of Mobile GUI Agents in Dynamic Environmentscited by 17
- 2026PersonalAlign: Hierarchical Implicit Intent Alignment for Personalized GUI Agent with Long-Term User-Centric Recordscited by 16
- 2026MemoryCD: Benchmarking Long-Context User Memory of LLM Agents for Lifelong Cross-Domain Personalizationcited by 15
- 2026Persona2Web: Benchmarking Personalized Web Agents for Contextual Reasoning with User Historycited by 14
- 2026Proactive Agent Research Environment: Simulating Active Users to Evaluate Proactive Assistantscited by 14
- 2026PERMA: Benchmarking Personalized Memory Agents via Event-Driven Preference and Realistic Task Environmentscited by 13
- 2026PASK: Toward Intent-Aware Proactive Agents with Long-Term Memorycited by 8
- 2026AmbiBench: Benchmarking Mobile GUI Agents Beyond One-Shot Instructions in the Wildcited by 7
- 2026PIRA-Bench: A Transition from Reactive GUI Agents to GUI-based Proactive Intent Recommendation Agentscited by 7
- 2026ProactiveMobile: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Boosting Proactive Intelligence on Mobile Devicescited by 5
- 2026PSPA-Bench: A Personalized Benchmark for Smartphone GUI Agentcited by 4
- 2026Asking What Matters: Reward-Driven Clarification for Software Engineering Taskscited by 3
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 5.
5 papers.
- 2026Ask Now, Use Later: Benchmarking the Proactivity Gap in Long-Lived LLM Agentscited by 2
- 2026JarvisBench: Always-on Intelligence Between Humans and Agentscited by 0
- 2026PersonaMem-v3: Toward Omni-Platform Personal Intelligence for Holistic User Understanding, Recommendation, and Agentic Taskscited by 0
- 2026Foundations of Proactive Agents: Principles, Technical Layers, and Proactivity-Gymcited by 0
- 2026Conversational Task Disambiguation over Tabular Data: Leakage-Aware Formulation, Benchmark Suite, and Trainingcited by 0
- 2026Conversational Task Disambiguation over Tabular Data: Leakage-Aware Formulation, Benchmark Suite, and Training7 Oct 2026
- 2026Foundations of Proactive Agents: Principles, Technical Layers, and Proactivity-Gym29 Sep 2026
- 2026JarvisBench: Always-on Intelligence Between Humans and Agents14 Aug 2026
- 2026PersonaMem-v3: Toward Omni-Platform Personal Intelligence for Holistic User Understanding, Recommendation, and Agentic Tasks16 Jul 2026
- 2026Ask Now, Use Later: Benchmarking the Proactivity Gap in Long-Lived LLM Agents27 May 2026
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026VitaBench 2.0: Evaluating Personalized and Proactive Agents in Long-Term User Interactions
- 2025UserBench: An Interactive Gym Environment for User-Centric Agents
- 2026Claw-Anything: Benchmarking Always-On Personal Assistants with Broader Access to User's Digital World
- 2026ProAgentBench: Evaluating LLM Agents for Proactive Assistance with Real-World Data
- 2026ProACT: Towards Breakdown-Aware Proactive Agent in Multi-User Collaboration
- 2026MyPCBench: A Benchmark for Personally Intelligent Computer-Use Agents
- 2026After Talking with 1,000 Personas: Learning Preference-Aligned Proactive Assistants From Large-Scale Persona Interactions
- 2026Act2Intention: A Benchmark For Developing Active Mobile Agents Through Inferring User Intention from GUI Actions