BulletTime: Decoupled Control of Time and Camera Pose for Video Generation
On the map: Diffusion models → Video generation
Abstract (arXiv)
Emerging video diffusion models achieve high visual fidelity but fundamentally couple scene dynamics with camera motion, limiting their ability to provide precise spatial and temporal control. We introduce a 4D-controllable video diffusion framework that explicitly decouples scene dynamics from camera pose, enabling fine-grained manipulation of both scene dynamics and camera viewpoint. Our framework takes continuous world-time sequences and camera trajectories as conditioning inputs, injecting them into the video diffusion model through a 4D positional encoding in the attention layer and adaptive normalizations for feature modulation. To train this model, we curate a unique dataset in which temporal and camera variations are independently parameterized; this dataset will be made public. Experiments show that our model achieves robust real-world 4D control across diverse timing patterns and camera trajectories, while preserving high generation quality and outperforming prior work in controllability. See our website for codes and video results: https://19reborn.github.io/Bullet4D/
Key facts. Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Video generation, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 84 of its 88 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 Dec 2025.
Builds on
84 of 88 references.
Closest ancestors · 25
Same direction, newest first
- 2025CameraCtrl II: Dynamic Scene Exploration via Camera-controlled Video Diffusion Models13 Mar
- 2025Go-with-the-Flow: Motion-Controllable Video Diffusion Models Using Real-Time Warped Noise14 Jan
- 2025StarGen: A Spatiotemporal Autoregression Framework with Video Diffusion Model for Scalable and Controllable Scene Generation10 Jan
- 2024Trajectory Attention for Fine-grained Video Motion Control28 Nov
- 2024AC3D: Analyzing and Improving 3D Camera Control in Video Diffusion Transformers27 Nov
- 2024CamI2V: Camera-Controlled Image-to-Video Diffusion Model21 Oct
- 2024Cavia: Camera-controllable Multi-view Video Diffusion with View-Integrated Attention14 Oct
- 2024AVID: Adapting Video Diffusion Models to World Models1 Oct
- 2024CogVideoX: Text-to-Video Diffusion Models with An Expert Transformer12 Aug
- 2024FreeTraj: Tuning-Free Trajectory Control in Video Diffusion Models24 Jun
- 2024Training-free Camera Control for Video Generation14 Jun
- 2024Vivid-ZOO: Multi-View Video Generation with Diffusion Model12 Jun
13 more
- 2024CamCo: Camera-Controllable 3D-Consistent Image-to-Video Generation4 Jun
- 2024Collaborative Video Diffusion: Consistent Multi-video Generation with Camera Control27 May
- 2024ReVideo: Remake a Video with Motion and Content Control22 May
- 2024CameraCtrl: Enabling Camera Control for Text-to-Video Generation2 Apr
- 2024Direct-a-Video: Customized Video Generation with User-Directed Camera Movement and Object Motion5 Feb
- 2023Photorealistic Video Generation with Diffusion Models11 Dec
- 2023Animate Anyone: Consistent and Controllable Image-to-Video Synthesis for Character Animation28 Nov
- 2023Stable Video Diffusion: Scaling Latent Video Diffusion Models to Large Datasets25 Nov
- 2023AnimateDiff: Animate Your Personalized Text-to-Image Diffusion Models without Specific Tuning10 Jul
- 2023Align your Latents: High-Resolution Video Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Models18 Apr
- 2022Latent Video Diffusion Models for High-Fidelity Long Video Generation23 Nov
- 2022Imagen Video: High Definition Video Generation with Diffusion Models5 Oct
- 2022Video Diffusion Models7 Apr
Other references · 59
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
- 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,604
- 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,655
- 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesiscited by 8,185
- 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 6,539
- 2022Scalable Diffusion Models with Transformerscited by 5,931
- 2021RoFormer: Enhanced Transformer with Rotary Position Embeddingcited by 4,581
- 2024Scaling Rectified Flow Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,094
- 2019Generative Modeling by Estimating Gradients of the Data Distributioncited by 4,067
- 2022DreamBooth: Fine Tuning Text-to-Image Diffusion Models for Subject-Driven Generationcited by 3,286
38 more
- 2024SAM 2: Segment Anything in Images and Videoscited by 2,784
- 2025Wan: Open and Advanced Large-Scale Video Generative Modelscited by 2,536
- 2023VBench: Comprehensive Benchmark Suite for Video Generative Modelscited by 1,755
- 2022Make-A-Video: Text-to-Video Generation without Text-Video Datacited by 1,725
- 2024HunyuanVideo: A Systematic Framework For Large Video Generative Modelscited by 1,597
- 20234D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Dynamic Scene Renderingcited by 1,144
- 2018Self-Attention with Relative Position Representationscited by 1,112
- 2023MotionCtrl: A Unified and Flexible Motion Controller for Video Generationcited by 568
- 2023VideoComposer: Compositional Video Synthesis with Motion Controllabilitycited by 461
- 2023TokenFlow: Consistent Diffusion Features for Consistent Video Editingcited by 440
- 2025GEN3C: 3D-Informed World-Consistent Video Generation with Precise Camera Controlcited by 325
- 2023Follow Your Pose: Pose-Guided Text-to-Video Generation using Pose-Free Videoscited by 312
- 2025ReCamMaster: Camera-Controlled Generative Rendering from A Single Videocited by 278
- 2023PointOdyssey: A Large-Scale Synthetic Dataset for Long-Term Point Trackingcited by 274
- 2023DragNUWA: Fine-grained Control in Video Generation by Integrating Text, Image, and Trajectorycited by 260
- 2024Shape of Motion: 4D Reconstruction from a Single Videocited by 247
- 2022Long Video Generation with Time-Agnostic VQGAN and Time-Sensitive Transformercited by 244
- 2024MegaSaM: Accurate, Fast, and Robust Structure and Motion from Casual Dynamic Videoscited by 224
- 2020Real-Time Intermediate Flow Estimation for Video Frame Interpolationcited by 211
- 2024Motion-I2V: Consistent and Controllable Image-to-Video Generation with Explicit Motion Modelingcited by 209
- 2022Monocular Dynamic View Synthesis: A Reality Checkcited by 199
- 2025Unified Video Action Modelcited by 195
- 2024Motion Prompting: Controlling Video Generation with Motion Trajectoriescited by 176
- 2023Align Your Gaussians: Text-to-4D with Dynamic 3D Gaussians and Composed Diffusion Modelscited by 169
- 2025ViPE: Video Pose Engine for 3D Geometric Perceptioncited by 162
- 2024CAT4D: Create Anything in 4D with Multi-View Video Diffusion Modelscited by 160
- 2024DragAnything: Motion Control for Anything using Entity Representationcited by 159
- 2024DimensionX: Create Any 3D and 4D Scenes from a Single Image with Controllable Video Diffusioncited by 139
- 2023Space-Time Diffusion Features for Zero-Shot Text-Driven Motion Transfercited by 124
- 2025Video World Models with Long-term Spatial Memorycited by 124
- 2024Generative Camera Dolly: Extreme Monocular Dynamic Novel View Synthesiscited by 116
- 20244Diffusion: Multi-view Video Diffusion Model for 4D Generationcited by 104
- 2024MotionClone: Training-Free Motion Cloning for Controllable Video Generationcited by 104
- 2025Cameras as Relative Positional Encodingcited by 94
- 2024SynCamMaster: Synchronizing Multi-Camera Video Generation from Diverse Viewpointscited by 92
- 2024The Matrix: Infinite-Horizon World Generation with Real-Time Moving Controlcited by 79
- 2024SG-I2V: Self-Guided Trajectory Control in Image-to-Video Generationcited by 68
- 2024Controlling Space and Time with Diffusion Modelscited by 65
50 most cited of 59 All 59 (JSON)
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 12.
12 papers.
- 2026Wonder: Video World Model Done Bettercited by 13
- 2026Out of Sight, Out of Mind? Evaluating State Evolution in Video World Modelscited by 12
- 2026RayRoPE: Projective Ray Positional Encoding for Multi-view Attentioncited by 10
- 2026AVControl: Efficient Framework for Training Audio-Visual Controlscited by 5
- 2026AlayaWorld: Long-Horizon and Playable Video World Generationcited by 4
- 2026Sekai2: From World Exploration to Interactive World Modelingcited by 2
- 2026Seeing Fast and Slow: Learning the Flow of Time in Videoscited by 1
- 2026CameraAnything: Refilming Videos with Arbitrary Camera Controlcited by 1
- 2026MeRoPE: Metric Rotary Position Embedding for Camera-Controlled Video Generationcited by 1
- 2026Flex4DHuman: Flexible Multi-view Video Diffusion for 4D Human Reconstructioncited by 0
- 2026Can 4D Foundation Models Remember?cited by 0
- 2026DynaTokens: Teaching Dynamics to Camera-Controlled Video Models at Test Timecited by 0
- 2026DynaTokens: Teaching Dynamics to Camera-Controlled Video Models at Test Time28 Sep 2026
- 2026Can 4D Foundation Models Remember?17 Sep 2026
- 2026MeRoPE: Metric Rotary Position Embedding for Camera-Controlled Video Generation1 Sep 2026
- 2026Sekai2: From World Exploration to Interactive World Modeling10 Aug 2026
- 2026Wonder: Video World Model Done Better28 Jul 2026
- 2026CameraAnything: Refilming Videos with Arbitrary Camera Control27 Jul 2026
- 2026AlayaWorld: Long-Horizon and Playable Video World Generation7 Jul 2026
- 2026Flex4DHuman: Flexible Multi-view Video Diffusion for 4D Human Reconstruction11 Jun 2026
- 2026Seeing Fast and Slow: Learning the Flow of Time in Videos23 Apr 2026
- 2026AVControl: Efficient Framework for Training Audio-Visual Controls25 Mar 2026
- 2026Out of Sight, Out of Mind? Evaluating State Evolution in Video World Models13 Mar 2026
- 2026RayRoPE: Projective Ray Positional Encoding for Multi-view Attention21 Jan 2026
Similar, not cited
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- 2024VD3D: Taming Large Video Diffusion Transformers for 3D Camera Control
- 2025Taming Video Models for 3D and 4D Generation via Zero-Shot Camera Control
- 2023TrackDiffusion: Tracklet-Conditioned Video Generation via Diffusion Models
- 20264DStreamCtrl: Interactive Video Generation with Online 4D Control
- 2025Diff4Splat: Controllable 4D Scene Generation with Latent Dynamic Reconstruction Models
- 2026PartiCam: Camera Controlled Video Generation with Reward Guidance
- 2026Probing into Camera Control of Video Models
- 2024Animate Your Motion: Turning Still Images into Dynamic Videos