mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

AlphaEarth Foundations: An embedding field model for accurate and efficient global mapping from sparse label data

arXiv 2507.22291 ↗First posted 29 Jul 2025cs.CV cs.LGcited by 137

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Abstract (arXiv)

Unprecedented volumes of Earth observation data are continually collected around the world, but high-quality labels remain scarce given the effort required to make physical measurements and observations. This has led to considerable investment in bespoke modeling efforts translating sparse labels into maps. Here we introduce AlphaEarth Foundations, an embedding field model yielding a highly general, geospatial representation that assimilates spatial, temporal, and measurement contexts across multiple sources, enabling accurate and efficient production of maps and monitoring systems from local to global scales. The embeddings generated by AlphaEarth Foundations are the only to consistently outperform a suite of other well-known/widely accepted featurization approaches tested on a diverse set of mapping evaluations without re-training. We have released a dataset of global, annual, analysis-ready embedding field layers from 2017 through 2024.

Key facts. Cited by 137 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 29 Jul 2025.

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 27; 2026: 110.

137 papers.

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  1. 2025Earth-Agent: Unlocking the Full Landscape of Earth Observation with Agentscited by 46
  2. 2025OlmoEarth: Stable Latent Image Modeling for Multimodal Earth Observationcited by 24
  3. 2026No One Knows the State of the Art in Geospatial Foundation Modelscited by 12
  4. 2025Measuring the Intrinsic Dimension of Earth Representationscited by 10
  5. 2025NeuCo-Bench: A Novel Benchmark Framework for Neural Embeddings in Earth Observationcited by 7
  6. 2025Towards Generative Location Awareness for Disaster Response: A Probabilistic Cross-view Geolocalization Approachcited by 7
  7. 2026Physically Interpretable AlphaEarth Foundation Model Embeddings Enable LLM-Based Land Surface Intelligencecited by 6
  8. 2025Cropland Mapping using Geospatial Embeddingscited by 5
  9. 2026Earth Embeddings as Products: Taxonomy, Ecosystem, and Standardized Accesscited by 5
  10. 2026PRUE: A Practical Recipe for Field Boundary Segmentation at Scalecited by 5
  11. 2026CITYREP: A Unified Benchmark for Urban Representations Across Cities, Tasks, and Modalitiescited by 5
  12. 2026UniverSat: Resolution- and Modality-Agnostic Transformers for Earth Observationcited by 5
38 more
  1. 2026TESSERA v2: Scaling Pixel-wise Earth Foundation Modelscited by 5
  2. 2026Democratizing planetary-scale analysis: An ultra-lightweight Earth embedding database for accurate and flexible global land monitoringcited by 4
  3. 2026Embedding -based Crop Type Classification in the Groundnut Basin of Senegalcited by 4
  4. 2026Inferring Height from Earth Embeddings: First insights using Google AlphaEarthcited by 4
  5. 2026Any Model, Any Place, Any Time: Get Remote Sensing Foundation Model Embeddings On Demandcited by 4
  6. 2026From Pixels to Patches: Pooling Strategies for Earth Embeddingscited by 4
  7. 2026What on Earth is AlphaEarth? Hierarchical structure and functional interpretability for global land covercited by 4
  8. 2026Characterizing AlphaEarth Embedding Geometry for Agentic Environmental Reasoningcited by 4
  9. 2025FUSAR-KLIP: Towards Multimodal Foundation Models for Remote Sensingcited by 3
  10. 2025Survey of Multimodal Geospatial Foundation Models: Techniques, Applications, and Challengescited by 3
  11. 2025Leveraging Compact Satellite Embeddings and Graph Neural Networks for Large-Scale Poverty Mappingcited by 3
  12. 2025SHRUG-FM: Reliability-Aware Foundation Models for Earth Observationcited by 3
  13. 2026Utilizing Earth Foundation Models to Enhance the Simulation Performance of Hydrological Models with AlphaEarth Embeddingscited by 3
  14. 2026Localized, High-resolution Geographic Representations with Slepian Functionscited by 3
  15. 2026Earth Embeddings Reveal Diverse Urban Signals from Spacecited by 3
  16. 2026Mapping Tomato Cropping Systems in California Using AlphaEarth Geospatial Embeddings and Deep Learning Analysiscited by 3
  17. 2025Mapping on a Budget: Optimizing Spatial Data Collection for MLcited by 2
  18. 2025Deep Learning-Based Burned Area Mapping Using Bi-Temporal Siamese Networks and AlphaEarth Foundation Datasetscited by 2
  19. 2025Beyond AlphaEarth: Toward Human-Centered Geospatial Foundation Models via POI-Guided Contrastive Learningcited by 2
  20. 2025FireScope: Wildfire Risk Raster Prediction with a Chain-of-Thought Oraclecited by 2
  21. 2026From Landslide Conditioning Factors to Satellite Embeddings: Evaluating the Utilisation of Google AlphaEarth for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping using Deep Learningcited by 2
  22. 2026Brewing Stronger Features: Dual-Teacher Distillation for Multispectral Earth Observationcited by 2
  23. 2026Location Is All You Need: Continuous Spatiotemporal Neural Representations of Earth Observation Datacited by 2
  24. 2026HuiYanEarth-SAR: A Foundation Model for High-Fidelity and Low-Cost Global Remote Sensing Imagery Generationcited by 2
  25. 2026UNIGEOCLIP: Unified Geospatial Contrastive Learningcited by 2
  26. 2026Transferable Human Mobility Network Reconstruction with neuroGravitycited by 2
  27. 2026Agentic AI for Remote Sensing: Technical Challenges and Research Directionscited by 2
  28. 2026SpectralEarth-FM: Bringing Hyperspectral Imagery into Multimodal Earth Observation Pretrainingcited by 2
  29. 2026MetaPerch: Learning from metadata for bioacoustics foundation modelscited by 2
  30. 2026SLED: Scalable Location Encoding via Distillationcited by 2
  31. 2025The Transparent Earth: A Multimodal Foundation Model for the Earth's Subsurfacecited by 1
  32. 2025Invariant Features for Global Crop Type Classificationcited by 1
  33. 2025StefaLand: An Efficient Geoscience Foundation Model That Improves Dynamic Land-Surface Predictionscited by 1
  34. 2025Zero-Shot Multi-Spectral Learning: Reimagining a Generalist Multimodal Gemini 2.5 Model for Remote Sensing Applicationscited by 1
  35. 2025Grazing Detection using Deep Learning and Sentinel-2 Time Series Datacited by 1
  36. 2025Assessing the value of Geo-Foundational Models for Flood Inundation Mapping: Benchmarking models for Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, and Planetscope for end-userscited by 1
  37. 2026Prithvi-Complimentary Adaptive Fusion Encoder (CAFE): unlocking full-potential for flood inundation mappingcited by 1
  38. 2026Breaking the Regional Barrier: Inductive Semantic Topology Learning for Worldwide Air Quality Forecastingcited by 1

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