mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

EOC-Bench: Can MLLMs Identify, Recall, and Forecast Objects in an Egocentric World?

arXiv 2506.05287 ↗First posted 5 Jun 2025cs.CVcited by 21

On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → Embodied and 3D vision-language models

Abstract (arXiv)

The emergence of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has driven breakthroughs in egocentric vision applications. These applications necessitate persistent, context-aware understanding of objects, as users interact with tools in dynamic and cluttered environments. However, existing embodied benchmarks primarily focus on static scene exploration, emphasizing object's appearance and spatial attributes while neglecting the assessment of dynamic changes arising from users' interactions. To address this gap, we introduce EOC-Bench, an innovative benchmark designed to systematically evaluate object-centric embodied cognition in dynamic egocentric scenarios. Specially, EOC-Bench features 3,277 meticulously annotated QA pairs categorized into three temporal categories: Past, Present, and Future, covering 11 fine-grained evaluation dimensions and 3 visual object referencing types. To ensure thorough assessment, we develop a mixed-format human-in-the-loop annotation framework with four types of questions and design a novel multi-scale temporal accuracy metric for open-ended temporal evaluation. Based on EOC-Bench, we conduct comprehensive evaluations of various proprietary, open-source, and object-level MLLMs. EOC-Bench serves as a crucial tool for advancing the embodied object cognitive capabilities of MLLMs, establishing a robust foundation for developing reliable core models for embodied systems.

Key facts. Cited by 21 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Embodied and 3D vision-language models, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 56 of its 70 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 Jun 2025.

Builds on

56 of 70 references.

Closest ancestors · 8

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025STI-Bench: Are MLLMs Ready for Precise Spatial-Temporal World Understanding?31 Mar
  2. 2025ECBench: Can Multi-modal Foundation Models Understand the Egocentric World? A Holistic Embodied Cognition Benchmark9 Jan
  3. 2024Vinci: A Real-time Embodied Smart Assistant based on Egocentric Vision-Language Model30 Dec
  4. 2024Thinking in Space: How Multimodal Large Language Models See, Remember, and Recall Spaces18 Dec
  5. 2024EgoPlan-Bench2: A Benchmark for Multimodal Large Language Model Planning in Real-World Scenarios5 Dec
  6. 2024PCA-Bench: Evaluating Multimodal Large Language Models in Perception-Cognition-Action Chain21 Feb
  7. 2023ManipLLM: Embodied Multimodal Large Language Model for Object-Centric Robotic Manipulation24 Dec
  8. 2023PaLM-E: An Embodied Multimodal Language Model6 Mar

Other references · 48

  1. 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,869
  2. 2025Qwen2.5-VL Technical Reportcited by 5,587
  3. 2024GPT-4o System Cardcited by 4,588
  4. 2024Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolutioncited by 4,234
  5. 2024Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of contextcited by 3,224
  6. 2024LLaVA-OneVision: Easy Visual Task Transfercited by 2,719
  7. 2024Expanding Performance Boundaries of Open-Source Multimodal Models with Model, Data, and Test-Time Scalingcited by 1,599
  8. 2021Ego4D: Around the World in 3,000 Hours of Egocentric Videocited by 1,556
  9. 2023Video-LLaMA: An Instruction-tuned Audio-Visual Language Model for Video Understandingcited by 1,471
  10. 2024Video-MME: The First-Ever Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark of Multi-modal LLMs in Video Analysiscited by 1,413
  11. 2023Video-LLaVA: Learning United Visual Representation by Alignment Before Projectioncited by 1,402
  12. 2023MVBench: A Comprehensive Multi-modal Video Understanding Benchmarkcited by 1,109
36 more
  1. 2023Video-ChatGPT: Towards Detailed Video Understanding via Large Vision and Language Modelscited by 1,062
  2. 2023VideoChat: Chat-Centric Video Understandingcited by 857
  3. 2018Scaling Egocentric Vision: The EPIC-KITCHENS Datasetcited by 795
  4. 2017Dense-Captioning Events in Videoscited by 793
  5. 2024VideoLLaMA 2: Advancing Spatial-Temporal Modeling and Audio Understanding in Video-LLMscited by 771
  6. 2021NExT-QA:Next Phase of Question-Answering to Explaining Temporal Actionscited by 744
  7. 2023EgoSchema: A Diagnostic Benchmark for Very Long-form Video Language Understandingcited by 680
  8. 2017TALL: Temporal Activity Localization via Language Querycited by 584
  9. 2024LLaVA-Video: Video Instruction Tuning With Synthetic Datacited by 583
  10. 2025VideoLLaMA 3: Frontier Multimodal Foundation Models for Image and Video Understandingcited by 518
  11. 2024Long Context Transfer from Language to Visioncited by 515
  12. 2024TempCompass: Do Video LLMs Really Understand Videos?cited by 363
  13. 2021ScanQA: 3D Question Answering for Spatial Scene Understandingcited by 346
  14. 2022SQA3D: Situated Question Answering in 3D Scenescited by 314
  15. 2023Perception Test: A Diagnostic Benchmark for Multimodal Video Modelscited by 314
  16. 2025Video-MMMU: Evaluating Knowledge Acquisition from Multi-Discipline Professional Videoscited by 236
  17. 2024NVILA: Efficient Frontier Visual Language Modelscited by 209
  18. 2024MMBench-Video: A Long-Form Multi-Shot Benchmark for Holistic Video Understandingcited by 182
  19. 2024TokenPacker: Efficient Visual Projector for Multimodal LLMcited by 172
  20. 2023Aria Digital Twin: A New Benchmark Dataset for Egocentric 3D Machine Perceptioncited by 167
  21. 2021BEHAVIOR: Benchmark for Everyday Household Activities in Virtual, Interactive, and Ecological Environmentscited by 165
  22. 2023ViP-LLaVA: Making Large Multimodal Models Understand Arbitrary Visual Promptscited by 161
  23. 2023Osprey: Pixel Understanding with Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 159
  24. 2024Tarsier: Recipes for Training and Evaluating Large Video Description Modelscited by 141
  25. 2025MMVU: Measuring Expert-Level Multi-Discipline Video Understandingcited by 137
  26. 2018Charades-Ego: A Large-Scale Dataset of Paired Third and First Person Videoscited by 128
  27. 2023RoboVQA: Multimodal Long-Horizon Reasoning for Roboticscited by 120
  28. 2025HealthGPT: A Medical Large Vision-Language Model for Unifying Comprehension and Generation via Heterogeneous Knowledge Adaptationcited by 114
  29. 2024Draw-and-Understand: Leveraging Visual Prompts to Enable MLLMs to Comprehend What You Wantcited by 101
  30. 2020The MECCANO Dataset: Understanding Human-Object Interactions from Egocentric Videos in an Industrial-like Domaincited by 79
  31. 2024TOMATO: Assessing Visual Temporal Reasoning Capabilities in Multimodal Foundation Modelscited by 73
  32. 2024VideoRefer Suite: Advancing Spatial-Temporal Object Understanding with Video LLMcited by 72
  33. 2024A Survey of Embodied Learning for Object-Centric Robotic Manipulationcited by 35
  34. 2023ViLMA: A Zero-Shot Benchmark for Linguistic and Temporal Grounding in Video-Language Modelscited by 26
  35. 2023LvBench: A Benchmark for Long-form Video Understanding with Versatile Multi-modal Question Answeringcited by 25
  36. 2023A Large-scale Study of Spatiotemporal Representation Learning with a New Benchmark on Action Recognitioncited by 14

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 17.

21 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2025How Far are VLMs from Visual Spatial Intelligence? A Benchmark-Driven Perspectivecited by 43
  2. 2025PixelRefer: A Unified Framework for Spatio-Temporal Object Referring with Arbitrary Granularitycited by 21
  3. 2025RynnEC: Bringing MLLMs into Embodied Worldcited by 11
  4. 2026AgentVLN: Towards Agentic Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 9
  5. 2026Unified Personalized Understanding, Generating and Editingcited by 8
  6. 2026LMMs Meet Object-Centric Vision: Understanding, Segmentation, Editing and Generationcited by 6
  7. 2026InstructSAM: Segment Any Instance with Any Instructionscited by 6
  8. 2026EgoSAT: A Comprehensive Benchmark of Egocentric Streaming Interaction Understandingcited by 6
  9. 2026LifeEval: A Multimodal Benchmark for Assistive AI in Egocentric Daily Life Taskscited by 5
  10. 2025EgoVITA: Learning to Plan and Verify for Egocentric Video Reasoningcited by 4
  11. 2026EgoProx: Evaluating MLLMs on Egocentric 3D Proximity Reasoning Across a Cognitive Hierarchycited by 4
  12. 2026VisualThink-VLA: Visual Intermediate Reasoning for Effective and Low-Latency Vision-Language-Action Policiescited by 4
9 more
  1. 2026Regulating Anatomy-Aware Rewards via Trajectory-Integral Feedback for Volumetric Computed Tomography Analysiscited by 2
  2. 2026Benchmarking Egocentric Clinical Intent Understanding Capability for Medical Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 1
  3. 2026EXPLORE-Bench: Egocentric Scene Prediction with Long-Horizon Reasoningcited by 1
  4. 2026Do MLLMs Understand Pointing? Benchmarking and Enhancing Referential Reasoning in Egocentric Visioncited by 1
  5. 2026EgoIntrospect: An Egocentric Dataset and Benchmark for User-Centric Internal State Reasoningcited by 1
  6. 2026RoboSPA: Can VLA Models Go Beyond Simple Scenes and Short-Horizon Tasks?cited by 1
  7. 2026EgoCoT-Bench: Benchmarking Grounded and Verifiable Operation-Centric Chain of Thought Reasoning for MLLMscited by 0
  8. 2026PreSIST: Vision-Language-Informed Object Persistence Prediction in Open-World Scenescited by 0
  9. 2026EMBER-Bench: Benchmarking Cross-Event Causal Memory in Long-Horizon Embodied Taskscited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026ViSTR-Bench: Can MLLMs Reason from Continuous Visual Cues in Dynamic Scenes?
  2. 2024Is 'Right' Right? Enhancing Object Orientation Understanding in Multimodal Large Language Models through Egocentric Instruction Tuning
  3. 2024EmbSpatial-Bench: Benchmarking Spatial Understanding for Embodied Tasks with Large Vision-Language Models
  4. 2025Point-It-Out: Benchmarking Embodied Reasoning for Vision Language Models in Multi-Stage Visual Grounding
  5. 2025OST-Bench: Evaluating the Capabilities of MLLMs in Online Spatio-temporal Scene Understanding
  6. 2026Minerva-Ego: Spatiotemporal Hints for Egocentric Video Understanding
  7. 2026EgoExo-Next:Benchmarking Vision-Language Models on Visual-Option Next-State and Cross-View Reasoning
  8. 2026Vision-Language Models for Egocentric Video: From Hand-Object Interaction to Embodied AI